星载GPS地球静止轨道卫星自主定轨的新算法

针对地球静止轨道卫星的特点,提出了一种自主定轨的新算法--积分滤波算法,即利用Kalman滤波进行动力学模型数值积分与GPS定轨的有效融合.讨论了该算法的基本过程及其中Kalman滤波的数学模型和重要参数.最后给出了仿真实验过程和结果,证明了该算法的可行性.     

基于三角形网格的气象场等值线自动分析

针对矩形网格法的不足，提出了用三角形网格法实现气象场等值线自动分析方法。通过对站点资料的边界插值、三角形剖分等处理后，再在剖分出来的三角形网格中按照一定方式连接等值线即可实现等值线的自动分析。给出了等值线自动生成算法，并将实例的分析结果同Grads绘制图进行对比分析。结果表明，该方法不仅有效可行，而且分析的结果更为精确合理。     

阿克苏河流域1999年夏季洪水气象条件分析和预报服务

1999年 7月中旬到 8月上旬 ,阿克苏河流域出现历史罕见洪水。高温融雪以及山区降水是这次洪水的主要气象成因。 5 0 0hPa南疆稳定的副热带高压和中亚到帕米尔高原一带的副热带低槽是造成阿克苏河流域特大洪水的主要影响系统。     

鄱阳湖流域径流模型

流域径流是鄱阳湖主要来水,建立鄱阳湖流域径流模型对揭示湖泊水量平衡及其受流域自然和人类活动的影响具有重要意义.针对鄱阳湖-流域系统的特点:流域面积大(16.22×104km2)、多条入湖河流、湖滨区坡面入湖径流等,研究了相应的模拟方法,建立了考虑流域土壤属性和土地利用空间变化的鄱阳湖流域分布式径流模型.采用6个水文站1991-2001年的实测河道径流对模型进行了率定和验证.结果显示,模型整体模拟精度较高.其中,赣江、信江和饶河均取得了较好的模拟结果,月效率系数为0.82-0.95;抚河和修水模拟精度略低,为0.65-0.78.模型揭示了研究时段内年平均入湖径流总量为1623×108m3,其中,赣江最多,占47%,其次为信江和抚河,分别占13%和12%,湖滨区坡面入湖径流约占4%,其余24%来自饶河、修水以及其它入湖支流.模型将用于评估流域下垫面或气候变化引起的入湖水量变化,为湖泊水量平衡计算提供依据.     

云南省Internet网络天气预报会商系统

云南省基于Internet网络的天气预报会商系统覆盖云南省、地 (州 )、县三级。系统采用了Internet网络技术、数据库技术 ,实现了省、地 (州 )、县天气预报发布及浏览查询、预报讨论BBS、天气预报会商室、系统管理 ,在线短消息互发等功能。     

中国葡萄气候区划探讨

根据葡萄的生物学特性及其对气候条件的要求,在全国范围内选取８３个站点,按照９个农业气候指标,利用模糊聚类的数学方法,将全国划分为６个不同的葡萄气候区,并就各区的气候特点和品种选择作出分区评述。     

气候变暖以来黑龙江省春防期高火险日数环流背景分析及预测

本文着重从气候变暖以来春防期高火险日数偏多年和偏少年北半球500hPa环流场背景分析,偏多年时距平场上正负中心形成以黑龙江省为中心自高纬向低纬呈"-,+"距平型,偏少年时距平场上正负中心形成以黑龙江省为中心自高纬向低纬呈"-,+"距平型.从前期北半球500hPa环流场异常形势演变,偏多年前期北半球500hPa距平场上极区为大范围正距平,极涡偏弱,鄂霍茨克海有阻塞高压存在,东亚大槽偏强,阿留申低压活跃,偏少年时前期极区为大范嗣负距平,极涡偏强,鄂霍茨克海没有明显的阻塞高压形势,东亚大槽偏弱,阿留申低压也不活跃.北半球500hPa环流场异常是造成春防期森林火险高火险日数多少重要原因,通过前期的环流背景对春防期高火险日数进行预测,进而做出春防期森林防火期趋势预测.     

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in ambient air of Shanghai,China

The levels of carbonyl compounds in Shanghai ambient air were measured in five periods from January 2007 to October 2007 (covering winter, high-air-pollution days, spring, summer and autumn). A total of 114 samples were collected and eighteen carbonyls were identified. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls and their mean concentrations of 19.40 ± 12.00, 15.92 ± 12.07 and 11.86 ± 7.04 μg m⁻³ respectively, in the daytime for five sampling periods. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed similar diurnal profiles with peak mixing ratios in the morning and early afternoon during the daytime. Their mean concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in winter. Acetone showed reversed seasonal variation. The high molecular weight (HMW, ≥C5) carbonyls also showed obvious diurnal variations with higher concentrations in the daytime in summer and autumn, while they were all not detected in winter. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde played an important role in removing OH radicals in the atmosphere, but the contribution of acetone was below 1%. The carbonyls levels in high-air-pollution days were reported. More carbonyl species with higher concentrations were found in high-air-pollution days than in spring. These carbonyls were transported with other pollutants from north and northwest in March 27 to April 2, 2007 and then mixed with local sources. Comparing with Beijing and Guangzhou, the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Shanghai were the highest, which indicated that the air pollution in Shanghai was even worse than expected.     

Investigation of geothermal structure of the Sulawesi,using gravity and magnetic method

The Sulawesi Sea and Sulawesi Island are located in the western Pacific area where volcanic activity,plate subduction,and seismic activity are very active.The Sulawesi basin formed during the Middle Eocene-Late Eocene and nearly half of the Eocene oceanic crust has subducted below the North Sulawesi Trench.The Sulawesi Island was spliced and finalized in the Early Pliocene-Pleistocene during volcanic activity and is recently very active.This area is an optimal location to study volcanic geothermal conditions and subduction initiation mechanisms in the southern part of the western Pacific plate margin,which are important in geothermal and geodynamic research.In this study,we combined 133 heat flow data with gravity and magnetic data to calculate the Moho structure and Curie point depth of the Sulawesi Sea and periphery of the Sulawesi Island,and analyze the distribution characteristics of the geothermal gradient and thermal conductivity.The results show that the average depths of the Moho and Curie surfaces in this area are 18.4 and 14.3 km,respectively,which is consistent with the crustal velocity layer structure in the Sulawesi Basin previously determined by seismic refraction.The average geothermal gradient is 4.96°C(100 m)-1.The oceanic area shows a high geothermal gradient and low thermal conductivity,whereas the land area shows a low geothermal gradient and high thermal conductivity,both of which are consistent with statistical results of the geothermal gradient at the measured heat flow points.The highest geothermal gradient zone occurs in the transition zone from the Sulawesi Sea to Sulawesi Island,corresponding to the spreading ridge of the southward-moving Sulawesi Basin.Comprehensive gravity,magnetic,and geothermal studies have shown a high crustal geothermal gradient in the study area,which is conducive to the subduction initiation.The northern part of the Palu-koro fault on the western side of Sulawesi is likely the location where subduction initiation is occurring.During the process of moving northwest,the northern and eastern branches of Sulawesi Island have different speeds;the former is slow and the latter is fast.These branches also show different deep tectonic dynamic directions;the northern branch tilts north-up and the eastern branch tilts north-down.