安徽沿江地区岩浆成矿带

安徽沿江地区可分为三个岩浆成矿带：内带（主带） 、北（ 外） 带和南（ 外） 带。内带沿长江断裂带分布，与地幔隆起带一致，幔源高钾碱性玄武岩浆通过不同程度的ＡＦＣ混合机制和结晶分异机制，形成了不同的岩石组合和矿床，基性岩到酸性岩均有分布，其共同点是高钾富碱，侵入岩以高钾钙碱性岩系为主，火山岩以橄榄安粗岩系为主，广义矽卡岩型Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｓ、Ａｕ 及火山岩型Ｆｅ、Ｓ矿床是主要的矿床类型；南（外） 带以花岗闪长斑岩为主，高硅低碱，属钙碱性岩系，是上地壳下部易熔组分重熔的产物，成矿元素也由主带的Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｓ、Ａｕ 转向Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ（Ａｇ） 、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ 等，是斑岩型Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ 矿床的远景带；北（外） 带比较复杂，主体部分属钙碱性岩系，花岗岩与花岗闪长岩侵入体是下地壳重熔的产物，部分花岗闪长斑岩形成广义矽卡岩型Ｃｕ、Ａｕ 矿床，另一部分以幔源物质为主的闪长玢岩，形成斑岩型Ｃｕ 矿。不同的岩浆成矿带受不同的基底控制。Ｎｄ 、Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ 同位素研究表明，主带和北带存在太古宙麻粒岩相变质基底，南带岩浆岩则源于元古宙角闪岩相到绿片岩相变质基底。地幔隆起与幔源物质参与成矿作用，以及由地幔隆起带来的高热流是成矿的最有利条件。建议深入研究幔脊     

辽宁省危险废物管理战略研究

随着环保工作的深入,特别是“非典”之后,危险废物管理已引起政府高度重视。辽宁作为国家重化工业基地,危险废物产生量加上历史积累量居全国首位;由于历史原因,存在处置能力低、技术落后、管理起步晚、严重滞后等问题,严重威胁环境安全。妥善解决这些问题是全新课题。通过借鉴国内外危险废物管理方面的理论与实践经验,开展了辽宁省危险废物管理战略性研究,从减量化、资源化、再利用及最终安全处置方面分析,围绕提高危险废物利用处置能力,加快处置设施建设,提出合理规划布局及所应遵循的原则,促进危险废物利用处置应采取的政策性措施及加强管理等建议,最终实现全省危险废物在未来“十一五”期间安全处置的目标,为建设和谐辽宁提供环境安全。     

中国西南喀斯特地区石漠化成因及防治初探

喀斯特地区石漠化,是我国西南地区生态环境最突出的问题。首先探讨我国西南地区喀斯特石漠化成因,主要有自然因素和人为因素两方面的原因,指出喀斯特石漠化引起的干旱缺水、土壤贫瘠、地质灾害等严重威胁当地人民的生产和生活;据此,提出防治喀斯特石漠化的基本措施,即缓解人口压力、加快生态建设、调整产业结构与布局等。     

江淮流域极端降水时空变化特征:站点观测和再分析的对比

利用淮河流域1979—2011年260个站点观测、ERA-Interim和NCEP/DOE再分析资料的日降水量数据,选用8个极端降水指数,从空间分布、发展趋势、时间变化等方面对比分析了我国江淮流域极端降水的变化规律,研究了再分析数据的适用性,结果表明:1)持续湿润指数(CWD)、强降水日数(R10mm,R20mm)以及百分位指数(R95p,R99p)具有一致的北少南多的分布特征,而持续干燥指数(CDD)为北多南少,且强度指数(Rx1day,Rx5day)和百分位指数在浙江沿海均有极大值存在。2)大部分地区的强降水日数呈减少趋势,仅在江淮周边地区有弱上升趋势。3)区域平均的降水强度指数具有上升的趋势变化,逐月变化具有先增长后减少的结构特征,5—6月的增长量最大,峰值出现在7月,在夏末、冬季有较明显的随年代增加的趋势,在秋季则随年代减少。4)再分析资料ERA-Interim和NCEP/DOE对不同指数的再现能力有所不同,ERA-Interim对强降水日数(R10mm)、CDD、百分位指数的空间分布以及CDD的变化趋势再现能力较好,与强度指数和百分位指数年际变化的相关性较高,但对CWD变化趋势分布特点的再现能力较弱;NCEP/DOE更善于再现较强降水日数(R20mm)的空间分布以及强度指数和百分位指数的线性变化趋势。5)两种再分析资料能合理地再现强降水日数(R10mm,R20mm)和CDD年际变化特征和强度指数的季节变化特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下白云岩储层特征、成因及分布

奥陶系盐下白云岩储层是鄂尔多斯盆地中东部天然气勘探的重要接替领域.基于钻井岩心、微观薄片、物性分析及地球化学特征等资料,应用微区多参数实验分析方法,对奥陶系盐下白云岩储层特征、成因与分布开展了系统研究.结果表明:①奥陶系盐下主要发育颗粒滩白云岩和微生物白云岩储层,其中颗粒滩白云岩储层岩性为砂屑白云岩、鲕粒白云岩和粉—细...     

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Clibanarius(Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

Clibanarius , a genus of hermit crabs, is one of the most diverse genera within Diogenidae. However, studies on the phylogeny within Clibanarius is very limited. We reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the genus Clibanarius based on two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and COI) and two nuclear protein-coding (NaK and PEPCK) genes using a multigene phylogenetic approach. Eleven selected Clibanarius species from the Indo-West Pacifi c are analyzed and the Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses produced identical results in topology. Results suggest that C . rutilus and C . infraspinatus are more closely related to each other than to C . snelliusi , and C . striolatus shows a close relationship to C . longitarsus . The close association of C . merguiensis with C . englaucus and C . humilis is strongly supported by the divergence of C . virescens from them. Our phylogenetic results contradict the morphological classifi cation scheme proposed for Clibanarius and indicate that the relative length of dactyls and propodi is not phylogenetically signifi cant in Clibanarius . In addition, we speculate that the morphological characteristic of the median cleft of the telson might be phylogenetically important for Clibanarius .     

Primary molecular basis of androgenic gland endocrine sex regulation revealed by transcriptome analysis in Eriocheir sinensis

In crustaceans, the male sexual dif ferentiation and maintenance are specially regulated by androgenic gland(AG). However, little is known about the genes involved in the regulation process.RNA-Seq was performed on AG with ejaculatory duct(AG_ED) and ejaculatory duct(ED) as control in Eriocheir sinensis, one of the most important economic and ?shery crabs with typically sex dimorphism. A total of 925 unigenes were identi?ed as dif ferentially expressed genes(DEGs) and the expression of nine genes randomly selected was con?rmed by qRT-PCR. 667 unigenes were up-regulated in AG_ED, being supposed to be AG preferential genes. Among them, the full length of i nsulin-like androgenic gland factor( IAG) cDNA named as Es-IAG was obtained as a logo gene of AG, which together with the genes i nsulin-like receptor( INR), and s ingle insulin binding domain protein( SIBD), might constitute the sex regulation pathway. Several sex related genes were identi?ed, and their function will have to be investigated. Also,the identi?cation of j uvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1( JHEH1), ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase( DIB) and e cdysone receptor( ECR) preliminarily clari?ed the molecular regulation mechanism of eyestalk-AG-testis axis, which plays important roles in molting and reproduction. The results will enhance our understanding for the molecular basis of the AG involved in male sex regulation in crabs.     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.     

高温和台风影响下的苏州城市粗糙子层湍流通量特征

利用苏州地区2011 年12月20 日-2012年8 月13 日的湍流观测资料对不同季节、高温、台风强天气过程下的湍流特征进行分析.结果表明:城市地区不同季节动量通量、感热通量、潜热通量日变化明显,各通量的夏季平均值、最大值均高于冬春季,夏季感热通量日最大值为160.2 W·m-2,感热在城市地表能量平衡中的作用大于潜...     

近30多年江淮流域极端气温指数的时空变化分析:站点观测和再分析的对比

利用1979—2011年江淮流域的区域站点、NCEP/DOE和ERA-Interim再分析资料中的逐日最高、最低气温资料集,对比分析了近33 a江淮流域极端气温指数的时空变化特征,对再分析资料的再现能力进行检验和评估。结果表明:(1)近33 a来大部分极端气温指数及其趋势系数的空间分布都表现出南北向梯度分布特征,而极端最高、最低气温的极值区分布在长江三角洲地区;(2)夏日指数、作物生产指数、极端最高、极端最低、暖期长度指数和高百分位指数在年际变化中均有上升趋势,而且多次出现异常低值和异常高值;近10多年来,极端气温频率指数和百分位指数的年际变化趋势有所减缓;(3)月最高气温在近30 a中不断被突破,最低气温不断上升,而且高温天气日数也在不断增加,但低温日数逐渐减少;(4)再分析资料能较合理地再现大部分极端指数的时空变化和线性趋势特征,ERA-Interim比NCEP/DOE具有更好的再现能力。