城市空气质量预报质量评估系统的研制及应用

根据《气象部门空气质量预报质量考核和管理暂行办法》中的方法，编制了一套适合全国47个重点环境保护城市的空气质量预报质量评分系统，并在武汉投入了初步应用，该评分标准科学，系统运行稳定。     

湖北大畈核电站周边地区龙卷风参数的计算与分析

通过气象站记录、灾害大典、气候影响评价等多种途径,收集了核电站周边地区的300 km×300 km区域1956—2000年间的龙卷风资料,并根据《核安全导则汇编（上册）》规定的方法详细计算了龙卷风各个参数间的关系,最后给出核电站的龙卷风设计基准参数,即最大风速为70 m/s（对应概率为1×10-8）,平移速度13.5 m/s,旋转半径206 m,最大气压降9.9 hPa,设计基准等级为F3级,这些结论已在设计部门得到应用。     

湖北省降雨型滑坡泥石流及其降雨因子的时空分布,相关性浅析

从几十个典型事例出发，分析了我省降雨型滑坡泥石流的时空分布特征和与之密切相关的降雨气候条件的时空分布规律，较好地揭示了二者间的对应关系。并对１０项降雨气候因子与逐月滑坡泥石流次数作逐步回归，筛选出日降雨量≥５０ｍｍ（暴雨）天数为最紧密因子。     

Simulated Influence of Mountainous Wind Farms Operations on Local Climate

Renewable energy sources, especially wind power, were believed to be able to slow down global warming; however, evidence in recent years shows that wind farms may also induce climate change. With the rapid development of wind power industry, the number of wind farms installed in mountains has gradually increased. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of wind farms in mountainous areas on local climate. The Suizhou and Dawu wind farms in northern Hubei Province were chosen for the present study on the impact of wind farm operations on the local climate in mountainous areas. The mesoscale meteorological numerical model Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Fitch model, together with turbulence correction factor, were used to simulate wind farm operations and study their effects on local climate. The results showed the characteristics of wind speed attenuation in mountainous wind farms: the amplitude and range of wind speed attenuation were stronger in the nighttime than in the daytime, and stronger in summer than in winter. The surface temperature increased and became more significant in summer. However, a cooling variation was observed above the surface warming center. The height of this center was higher in the daytime than it was in the nighttime. The latent heat flux in the wind farms decreased at night, accompanied by an increase in sensible heat flux. However, these changes were not significant. Some differences were observed between the impact of wind farms on the climate in the plains and the mountains. Such differences are more likely to be related to complex terrain conditions, climate conditions, and the density of wind turbines. The present study may provide support for the development and construction of wind farms in mountainous areas.     

湖北省山洪(泥石流)灾害气象条件分析及其预报研究

根据湖北省气象部门收集的1954年至2003年7月份的226个山洪(泥石流)灾害个例和同期气象资料，分析发现：(1)湖北省山洪(泥石流)灾害3～10月均有发生，6～8月最为集中．占总数84％；空间分布广而不均，鄂东南、鄂西南最多，灾害的时空分布与降雨的时空分布较一致。(2)68％的灾害发生在系统性降雨或集中降雨天气形势下，把握好系统性降雨和集中降雨的预测是有效预测山洪(泥石流)灾害的关键。(3)82．3％的灾害与当日暴雨以上强降雨密切相关。最后用点聚图方法确定了各区致灾的临界雨量，建立了灾害气象预报指标．该指标已投入试用。     

气象灾害应急政策研究与建议

中国气象灾害严重,气象灾害损失占所有自然灾害总损失的70％以上。气象灾害已经越过部门和区域范畴．成为国家科技发展整体战略必须通盘考虑的问题。气象灾害应急的政策研究日益重要,气象灾害对城市影响很大．城市气象灾害政策研究有助于构建社会主义和谐社会。气象灾害科技研究和政策措施要从综合、系统的角度分析。中国正处于城市化加速和社会转型矛盾多发期的过程中,需要从人文科学、社会科学角度研究可能出现的各种极端气象灾害的应急政策。     

武汉市居民中暑综合气象指标分析

利用武汉市1994～1998年所有中暑病例,采用区间平均法统计出日均中暑人数随气象因子的变化,分析发现,高温是引起中暑的最关键因子,湿度、云量等因子对中暑也有一定辅助作用;日均中暑人数随日最高气温升高呈指数规律升高,在31～34℃左右缓升、在35～39℃急升,非线性特征明显,并得出中暑5级判据;根据气温与其它因子的两两组合,提出了5种中暑典型天气型及综合指标,可作为中暑指数等级预报的重要补充,并可应用于长江流域广大夏热地区。     

三峡库区复杂地形下的气温变化特征

根据三峡水库坝区周边气候考察气象站1992-2004年和宜昌站1952-2004年的逐日气温资料,先用差值法将短期考察资料延长,再通过对比、回归等方法,客观分析了气温随时间和地形的变化规律,结果表明：1）三峡坝区具有冬暖、夏热等特点,是湖北的夏热和冬暖中心之一,不同高度气温年或日变化具有相同位相。2）平均气温、最高和最低气温、极端最低气温、气温日较差等指标随高度升高而递减,极端最低气温日数随高度升高而递增。3）水体对库周气温具有白天降温、夜间增温的效应,增温幅度比降温幅度大,增温幅度夏季大于冬季,降温幅度夏季小于冬季。4）三峡坝区20世纪90年代之前年平均气温呈波动变化,之后有显著上升趋势;水库蓄水以后对水域周围地区有降温效应。