北京城市集中供热节能气象预报系统研制

以气象-热力试验数据建立的供热气象节能模式、指标体系为依据,依托常规气象业务系统,选取ACCESS2000作为数据库系统,利用FORTRAN和VC计算机语言的混合编程技术,开发了北京城市集中供热节能气象预报系统,并于2002～2003年采暖季在北京市专业气象台和北京市热力集团公司投入应用,为实时供热调度提供依据。着重介绍系统的组成、研制内容和系统运行情况。     

中国政府的社会教育——中国气象局培训中心案例研究

社会教育作为与家庭教育和学校教育并列的三大教育体系之一,越来越受到人们的重视。文章研究了中国社会教育的历程和目前状况。重点研究了气象领域的科技教育和社会教育,以气象领域唯一国家级社会教育机构—中国气象局培训中心为案例,总结了我国气象社会教育特点。     

投影追踪主成分在湖北省气温变化研究中的应用初报

投影追踪（ＰＰ）方法是处理高维非正态数据的一种新兴的统计方法．ＰＰ主成分则采用一种稳定的散布度量依次得到“感兴趣”的投影方向及投影指标,有效地克服了非正态要素线性组合中的一系列不稳定问题（如离群点导致虚假的主成分、主向量的不稳定等）,还使前几个成分的...     

长江流域近50年降水变化及其对干流洪水的影响

根据我国长江流域气象观测站近42年的资料,分析了整个流域年和季节平均面雨量、暴雨日数和暴雨量的变化特征,以及降水对流域径流和洪水的影响.长江流域年和夏季平均面雨量存在明显的年际和年代变化特征,也表现出比较显著的趋势变化特点.大部分测站年平均面雨量呈增加趋势,夏季和冬季平均面雨量的增加趋势尤其明显;秋季平均面雨量呈显著下降趋势.同时,年和夏季暴雨日数和暴雨量也在较大范围内呈显著增加趋势.长江流域的降水对干流平均流量具有重要影响.1973年、1983年和1998年的洪水主要是由明显高于平均的流域面雨量引起的;长江下游平均流量变化趋势也同流域年平均面雨量、夏季平均面雨量变化趋势基本一致,特别是70年代末以来,下游平均流量和流域面雨量的上升趋势更加明显,并同时在1998年达到最高值.长江流域大的丰水年一般对应El Nino年或El Nino次年,表明E1 Nino对长江较大洪水可能具有一定影响.     

Simulated Influence of Mountainous Wind Farms Operations on Local Climate

Renewable energy sources, especially wind power, were believed to be able to slow down global warming; however, evidence in recent years shows that wind farms may also induce climate change. With the rapid development of wind power industry, the number of wind farms installed in mountains has gradually increased. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of wind farms in mountainous areas on local climate. The Suizhou and Dawu wind farms in northern Hubei Province were chosen for the present study on the impact of wind farm operations on the local climate in mountainous areas. The mesoscale meteorological numerical model Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Fitch model, together with turbulence correction factor, were used to simulate wind farm operations and study their effects on local climate. The results showed the characteristics of wind speed attenuation in mountainous wind farms: the amplitude and range of wind speed attenuation were stronger in the nighttime than in the daytime, and stronger in summer than in winter. The surface temperature increased and became more significant in summer. However, a cooling variation was observed above the surface warming center. The height of this center was higher in the daytime than it was in the nighttime. The latent heat flux in the wind farms decreased at night, accompanied by an increase in sensible heat flux. However, these changes were not significant. Some differences were observed between the impact of wind farms on the climate in the plains and the mountains. Such differences are more likely to be related to complex terrain conditions, climate conditions, and the density of wind turbines. The present study may provide support for the development and construction of wind farms in mountainous areas.     

武汉市居民中暑综合气象指标分析

利用武汉市1994～1998年所有中暑病例,采用区间平均法统计出日均中暑人数随气象因子的变化,分析发现,高温是引起中暑的最关键因子,湿度、云量等因子对中暑也有一定辅助作用;日均中暑人数随日最高气温升高呈指数规律升高,在31～34℃左右缓升、在35～39℃急升,非线性特征明显,并得出中暑5级判据;根据气温与其它因子的两两组合,提出了5种中暑典型天气型及综合指标,可作为中暑指数等级预报的重要补充,并可应用于长江流域广大夏热地区。     

基于LAPS分析的WRF模式逐时气温精细化预报释用

为了满足湖北电力和华中电力系统对逐时气温预报的需求,开展气温精细化预报服务,基于局地分析预报系统(LAPS)分析融合的WRF模式精细化数值预报产品,对2011年4月1日至7月20日湖北省内及周边区域站点的逐时气温进行精细化预报释用.比较几种模式释用方案,结果表明:WRF模式预报趋势较好,预报准确率评分50％左右,日间08-20时预报误差小于夜间,最高气温(Tmax)评分54％,最低气温(Tmin)评分为44％.通过模式释用,提高了预报准确率,可使预报评分提高到60％～70％,对Tmax评分达到57％,对Tmin评分最高达到74％.分时刻建立MOS方程能够有效降低夜间20-07时的预报误差.将实况最高气温引入Kalman滤波方程能进一步提高预报准确率.