中国东北地区降雪的不均匀性特征分析(英文)

Based on 1961–2005 observed winter precipitation data in Northeast China, the temporal and spatial variations of snow concentration degree (SCD) and snow concentration period (SCP), together with the circulation characteristics when there is a higher SCD, are computed and analyzed. Results show that SCD in Northeast China presents a yearly rising tendency and SCP decreases obviously. In terms of decadal variation, there is a 12-year periodic variation in PCP, and since the mid-1970s there has been an 8-year short periodic variation. As to spatial variation, SCD in winter of Northeast China has increased gradually from the eastern part to the western, and the minimum value of SCD occurs in the east of Jilin Province, while the high value center is observed in the central part of the province. For the whole Northeast China, the variation tendencies are consistent in the eastern and central parts, where SCD presents a rising tendency and SCP shows a decreasing tendency. SCD in the southwestern and northern parts has a slight rising tendency, with SCD in the southwestern part having the slightest increasing tendency, and SCP in the northern part showing the slightest decreasing tendency. When a high SCD value is observed, the whole region is controlled by the East Asian deep trough at 500 hPa, and the trough becomes deeper in the western part, while a high pressure, which is easily formed and intensified in the eastern part, makes the East Asian deep trough move eastward slowly. Upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream co-exist, and the former is stronger and takes more of a southwestward position than the latter. The high value zone of water vapor transport over the Pacific is intensified obviously, and the extent also increases. Northeast China is influenced by the water vapor transported to the northwest along the north of the high value center.     

东北北部夏季旱涝形成机理的数值研究

根据 1 95 8～ 1 996年黑龙江省 38个代表站历年降水量资料和同期北半球 2 .5°× 2 .5°格点 5 0 0 h Pa位势高度资料 ,分别求出了干旱和洪涝年份 7、8月的流型 ,指出东北北部盛夏旱涝的形成与东亚由冬至夏的季节转换联系密切。用北半球正压模式实施 4组积分时间为 30个模式日的数值试验 ,成功地模拟了 7、8月干旱和洪涝流型的形成和持续过程 ,并分析了与旱涝流型相应的热源强迫场的不同特征     

气象仪器装备类科技成果后效评估指标体系和方法

以气象仪器装备类科技成果为研究对象开展后效评估研究。基于评估对象的界定与特征分析,对此类成果后效评估的指标要素进行了探索研究,初步构建了相应的后效评估指标体系,并采用层次分析法(AHP)确定了评估体系中的各项指标权重。根据构建的指标体系和评估依据,确定了气象仪器装备类成果的综合评分方法,并进行了模拟评估。结果表明:此后效评估指标体系与评估方法具有实际可操作性。此研究工作为气象科技成果的科学评估、规范化管理提供方法途径。     

黑龙江省百年气温变化的特征分析

依据最新订正的黑龙江省长序列气温资料，分析研究了全省气温变化的阶段性，周期性变化趋势；着重讨论了气温的跃变性，以及ｔｏ值预测效用，为气温预测提供了背景分析。     

热带太平洋印度洋海温异常对亚洲夏季风影响的数值研究

利用L9R15气候谱模式，就热带太平洋－印度洋夏季海温异常对亚洲夏季风的影响进行了数值研究。结果表明，夏季热带太平洋和印度洋海温正异常时，不仅能造成热带地区大气环流和降水的同时性响应，还能导致东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风的一致减弱，两者的影响是同号的，但并不是两者单独影响的线性叠加，由此给出了亚洲夏季风与热带太平洋－印度洋海气系统的同期关系。