OLR资料描述西太平洋副热带高压的一种方法

该文介绍了用OLR场表达逐日西太平洋副热带高压的一种方法, 并指出用这种表达能够克服用588 dagpm等高线勾划副热带高压单体的失真现象。     

Seasonal Characteristics and Interannual Variability of Monthly Scale Low-Frequency Oscillation in a Low-Order Global Spectral Model

Analysis is done of five-year low-pass filtered data by a five-layer low-order global spectral model, indicating that although any non-seasonal external forcing is not considered in the model atmosphere,monthly-scale anomaly takes place which is of remarkable seasonality and interannual variability.Analysis also shows that for the same seasonal external forcing the model atmosphere can exhibit two climatic states,similar in the departure pattern but opposite in sign, indicating that the anomaly is but the manifestation of the adverse states, which supports the theory of multi-equilibria proposed by Charney and Devore(1979) once again.Finally, the source for the low-frequency oscillation of the global atmosphere is found to be the convective heat source / sink inside the tropical atmosphere as discussed before in our study.Therefore, the key approach to the exploration of atmospheric steady low-frequency oscillation and the associated climatic effect lies in the examination of the distribution of convect     

赤道移动性热源激发的大气强迫波和亚洲夏季风40—50天振荡

本文利用P－σ混合坐标系的五层原始方程模式研究了赤道移动性对流热源激发的大气强迫波和亚洲夏季风40－50振荡的关系。数值试验表明由Wave－CISK机制引起的移动性热源在沿赤道东移过程中可以引起亚洲夏季风环境、降水、赤道东－西纬向环流、季风经向环流和越赤道气流的位相振荡现象，其振荡周期与移动热源的移动速度有关。模拟结果进一步表明热带、付热带大气对赤道移动热源的响应可以激发出东传的Kelvinr波和东传的Rossby波，引起纬向差值气流和和戏向差值气流垢东传现象，以及扰动的北传现象。本文最后还讨论了东传的大气强迫波通过Walker环流和Hadley环流的影响而引起亚洲夏季风的40－40天振荡的机制。     

A Numerical Study of the Mechanism for the Effect of Northern Winter Arctic Ice Cover on the Global Short-Range Climate Evolution

By using a nine-layer global spectral model involving fuller parameterization of physical processes, with a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15, experiments are performed in terms of two numerical schemes, one with long-term mean coverage of Arctic ice (Exp.1), the other without the ice (Exp.2). Results indicate that the Arctic region is a heat source in Exp.2 relative to the case in Exp.1. Under the influence of the polar heat source simulated, there still exist stationary wavetrains that produce WA-EUP and weak PNA patterns in Northern winter. That either the Arctic or the tropical heat source can cause identical climatic effects is due to the fact that the anomaly of the Arctic ice cover will directly induce a south-propagating wavetrain, and bring about the redistribution of the tropical heat source / sink. The redistribution is responsible for new wavetrains that will exert impact on the global climate. The simulation results bear out further that the polar region in Exp.2 as a heat source, can     

我国重大天气灾害形成机理和预测理论研究

2003年12月顺利通过国家验收的国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“我国重大气候和天气灾害形成机理与预测理论研究”第2部分“我国重大天气灾害形成机理和预测理论研究”取得如下重大研究成果与进展：     

IMPACT OF ENSO ON VARIABILITY OF SUMMER MONSOON OVER ASIA AND SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA

In this paper, the variability of the Asian summer monsoon circulation during the ENSO period is diagnostically analyzed. Evidence suggests that every member of the Asian summer monsoon system change in varying degrees, even, oppositely, during El Nino and La Nina events. Then, the basis of the summer rainfall in east China analyzed using EOF, both region and extent of impact of the eastern tropical Pacific SSTA on the summer rainfall in East China are analyzed. This impact is closely related with development phase of the ENSO cycle, being most notable in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and south of China.     

ENSO及其对亚洲季风和我国气候变化影响的研究

ＥＮＳＯ及其对亚洲季风和我国气候变化影响的研究是当今气候研究中的重要问题，本文总结了作者在《气候动力学和气候预测方法研究》项目中有关专题“大洋，尤其ＥＮＳＯ和西太平洋暖池对东亚大气环流和我国气候影响”的研究工作，主要分三方面：１，ＥＮＳＯ是多时空尺度海气相互作用的结果－ＥＮＳＯ形成机理的研究；２．ＭＥＮＳＯ对我国东亚季风和我国气候影响，３，ＥＮＳＯ及其对我国气候影响的可预报性和预报试验。     

农林复合带一维非静力大气边界层模式及其模拟分析

建立了一个农林复合带地区一维非静力大气边界层能量闭合模式，对1000m以下的大气边界层内的风、温、湿作了24h的预报，并对下垫面3种不同参数化方案(农作物、森林、无植被)的输出结果与实测值进行了分析和比较；同时通过敏感性试验，突出比较了农作物和森林下垫面对大气边界层垂直流场，湍流垂直交换和湍能的影响。结果表明，本模式能改善边界层风速、位温和湿度预报的模拟效果，下垫面植被对边界层气象要素大小和分布有显著的作用，对湍能垂直分布有一定影响。     

热带海气耦合Kelvin波的弱相互作用

本文在简单的热带海气耦合方程组中 ,引进基本风场和平均海流的作用以后 ,对热带海气耦合 Kelvin波的不稳定性进行了讨论 ,得到其耦合不稳定的判据条件 ,并且分析了它的传播结构特征。     

热带气旋飞机观测及其观测设计

介绍了美国NOAA和我国台湾地区开展的热带气旋(TC)飞机观测状况,重点介绍了用于TC飞机观测设计的相关技术。利用飞机获取观测资料是近年来观测TC的又一重要手段。美国在1982年就已开展了TC飞机观测试验,并从1997年开始业务化,我国台湾地区从2003年开始也开展了TC飞机观测的DOTSTAR计划。TC飞机观测获得的大量的直接观测资料极大地促进了TC业务预报与研究。目前应用于TC飞机观测设计的技术主要有深层平均风变化(DLM)技术、集合变换卡尔曼滤波(ETKF)技术、奇异向量(SV)技术和伴随敏感引导向量(ADSSV)技术等4种,DOTSTAR从2005年起应用这4种技术进行观测设计,美国NOAA则用DLM技术确定影响TC的敏感区域,飞机同时在TC四周和敏感区域飞行观测。