Biogenic amines in chicken meat products in relation to bacterial load,pH value and sodium chloride content

Exogenous biogenic amines may present food poisoning hazards, especially when coupled with additional risk factors. In recent years, consumption of poultry meat and poultry meat products has increased. Therefore, the goals of this work were to estimate biogenic amines in chicken meat products and to find a correlation to bacterial quality, pH value and/or NaCl content. A total number of 60 random samples of chicken frankfurter, luncheon and keshta were collected from Cairo and Assiut supermarkets and groceries. The samples were analyzed for estimation of histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and puerscine. The results were in low levels and varied in each product. The bacterial quality was evaluated with respect to total colony, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Lactobacillaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts. These amineproducering bacteria were detected in low amounts. Such findings as well as pH value and NaCl content correlated with amines levels.     

Organophosphorus chemistry. 16. The Reaction of Furfurylidenemalonitrile with Alkyl Phosphites

Dialkyl phosphites ( 2a – c ) react with furfurylidenemalonitrile ( 1 ) to give the corresponding 1:1 phosphonate adducts 3a – c . On the other hand, trialkyl phosphites ( 6a , b ) affected C -alkylation of the exocyclic ethylenic linkage in compound ( 1 ) to give the respective phosphonate 7a , b .     

Quantitative characterization of protective films grown on copper in the presence of different triazole derivative inhibitors

The protective films developed on copper by anodic polarization in a borate-buffered solution containing benzotriazole (BTAH), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (BTAOH) or 3-amino 1, 2, 4-triazole (ATA) have been characterized using coulometric experiments and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The combination of these two techniques has allowed the CuO and Cu₂O layers and the cuprous-organic layer to be analyzed quantitatively. In the presence of BTAOH, the oxide layers were very similar to those formed in inhibitor-free solution and BTAOH appeared to be adsorbed on the oxide film. In the presence of BTAH, a thick Cu₂O film was covered by a Cu-BTA film containing 8% Cu⁺ ions. Cupric oxide appeared on Cu₂O areas uncovered by Cu-BTA. In the presence of ATA, the Cu₂O layer was very thin and the greater part of Cu⁺ ions (75%) was involved in a thick Cu-ATA film.     

Mix column transform based on irreducible polynomial mathematics for color image steganography: A novel approach

In this paper, we present a novel method for data hiding within transform domain of the color images. Our method is based on dividing an image into blocks, then applying the proposed transform on specified blocks and hiding the secret message within those. We show that the security can be increased by following this method since it depends on a different type of transform which is based on irreducible polynomial mathematics. The results and comparisons have proven high capacity alongside maintaining reasonable level of imperceptibility.     

Metal chelates with some cellulose derivatives. Part I. Preparation and characterization of chromium (III)–carboxymethyl cellulose complexes

A systematic spectrophotometric study on the complexation of chromium (III) ion with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was carried out. The effects of the degree of substitution (DS) of the polymer, the concentrations of Cr(III) and CMC solutions, the pH and temperature on the complex formation were studied in the aqueous state. CMC complexes with Cr(III) were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic moment and spectral (Vis and IR) data. The results showed that CMC (L) chelated to the metal ion according to the formula CrL₂ · 2H₂O. The ligand field parameters, namely D_q, B and β were calculated; the β-values indicate strong covalency in the ligand σ bond. The IR spectra revealed that the chelating sites of CMC are not only the carboxymethyl groups, via the ether- and the carboxyl-oxygen atoms, but also the secondary hydroxyl groups.     

Corrosion behaviour of low-Cr high-Al stainless steels in 65% boiling HNO3

The corrosion resistance of low-Cr high-Al steels has been tested in 65% boiling HNO₃ solution. Comparison of this resistance and that of stainless steels 304, 430 and 410 under the same conditions reveals that Al has a beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Ni steels. The reduction of about 7% Cr can be compensated by about 5% Al provided that Ni is maintained at about 15–18%.     

The correlation between serum total cholesterol and some trace elements in serum,liver and heart of rats fed high cholesterol diet

The work indicates the link between the serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis and certain metal metabolism. 122 adult albino rats were used in this study and classified into 5 groups: Control group, 29 rats fed the stock diet; group I, 32 rats fed the stock diet with 1 % cholesterol for 6 weeks; group II, 36 rats fed the stock diet with 1 % cholesterol for 8 weeks; group III_A, 17 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil/day orally for 8 weeks and group III_B, 18 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil with cholesterol daily (50 mg cholesterol/1 ml oil) for 8 weeks. The results obtained showed that: 1. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and serum copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio, whereas a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and serum Zinc and Zn/Cu ratio. 2. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and cadmium, Zn/Cu and Cd/Zn ratio in liver. On the other hand, a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and copper in liver. 3. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and Zn/Cu ratio in heart which was negative in heart copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio. Histopathological examination of liver sections of animals treated with cholesterol revealed the presence of mild degree of fatty change, while the kidney tissues showed glomerular lesion in the form of obliteration of Bowman's capsule with increased cellularity inside, beside degenerated tubules and interstitial fibrosis.     

Metal chelates with some cellulose derivatives. Part III. Synthesis and structural chemistry of nickel (II) and copper (II) complexes with carboxymethyl cellulose

Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with three grades of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with different degrees of substitution have been synthesized and characterized. Probable structures of the metal complexes are inferred from the electronic and IR spectra, elemental analysis data and magnetic moment measurements. CMC coordinates with cu(II) and Ni(II) via the carboxymethyl and hydroxyl groups. The effect of the degree of substition of the CMC on the mode of chelation is discussed. Ni(II) complexes show an octahedral geometry around the metal ion and exhibit the formula [NiL · 4H₂O]Cl. Cu(II) complexes exist in the square planar form and have the formula Cu(L)₂, where L is uninegatively charged bidentate CMC ligand. The ligand field parameters of Ni(II) complexes are also evaluated.     

Structural and electrical properties of zinc-substituted cobalt ferrite

Polycrystalline samples of Co_1?x Zn _x Fe₂O₄ with stoichiometric proportion (x) varying from 0.0 to 1.0 were prepared through the thermal decomposition of their respective oxalates. The samples were calcined at 1000 °C for 3 h and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. The study of the cation distribution using Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that the ions at the tetrahedral site moved to the octahedral site by the addition of zinc and that the system varied from an inverse to a normal spinel structure. The values of the lattice parameter, X-ray density, oxygen parameter, inversion factor and radii of tetrahedral and octahedral sites were calculated using X-ray diffraction data. The temperature dependence of the conductivity showed a definite kink, except for the ZnFe₂O₄ sample, which can be attributed to the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transitions. The calculated activation energy in the paramagnetic region was found to be smaller than that in the ferromagnetic region.