Electrorheological behavior of low filled suspensions of highly anisometric montmorillonite particles

The electrorheological (ER) behavior of modified montmorillonite (MMT) suspensions in polydimethylsiloxane is studied. As established by rotational viscometry, the samples with a dispersed phase concentration from 1 to 8 wt % reveal viscous Newtonian behavior and dramatically change their properties to elastic when electric field is applied. The rheological characteristics of the suspensions over 0–7 kV mm⁻¹ range of electric field strengths are also studied. Novel X-ray diffraction method is developed to evaluate the suspension of the filler in a siloxane medium and to calculate the degree of its exfoliation. The dependence of exfoliation degree, dielectric, and ER characteristics on the type of modifier in the MMT structure is considered. Based on the obtained data, a new model of system behavior with the various types of fillers is proposed and the prospects of utilizing MMT as a filler for ER fluids are demonstrated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47678.     

Tunable Fano-Resonant Metasurfaces on a Disposable Plastic-Template for Multimodal and Multiplex Biosensing

Metasurfaces are engineered nanostructured interfaces that extend the photonic behavior of natural materials, and they spur many breakthroughs in multiple fields, including quantum optics, optoelectronics, and biosensing. Recent advances in metasurface nanofabrication enable precise manipulation of light–matter interactions at subwavelength scales. However, current fabrication methods are costly and time-consuming and have a small active area with low reproducibility due to limitations in lithography, where sensing nanosized rare biotargets requires a wide active surface area for efficient binding and detection. Here, a plastic-templated tunable metasurface with a large active area and periodic metal–dielectric layers to excite plasmonic Fano resonance transitions providing multimodal and multiplex sensing of small biotargets, such as proteins and viruses, is introduced. The tunable Fano resonance feature of the metasurface is enabled via chemical etching steps to manage nanoperiodicity of the plastic template decorated with plasmonic layers and surrounding dielectric medium. This metasurface integrated with microfluidics further enhances the light–matter interactions over a wide sensing area, extending data collection from 3D to 4D by tracking real-time biomolecular binding events. Overall, this work resolves cost- and complexity-related large-scale fabrication challenges and improves multilayer sensitivity of detection in biosensing applications.     

Countermeasures for Primary User Emulation Attack: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless Personal Communications - Cognitive radio (CR) is a flexible wireless network that can solve the scarcity and underutilization problem of the spectrum by permitting unlicensed users to...     

模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究 --加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)

大地震前加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放这2种现象可以用来对地震进行中期预报。同时,加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放有相同的物理机制。实验对于揭示地壳岩石的变形和破坏规律是非常重要的。在三轴应力条件下进行了岩石破坏声发射实验,声发射技术是研究岩石变形破坏微观机理的重要手段。为了模拟日月引潮力对地球的加载和卸载作用,在一常数加载率的轴向压力作用下,叠加上微小的正弦扰动,力求能够模拟地下岩石复杂的受力状态。实验过程中记录到大量的声发射信息,声发射记录包括声发射发生的时间、空间坐标和振幅,它能够反映岩石试件内部每一个损伤(微裂纹)发生的时间、地点和强度。利用声发射记录系统地分析了岩石试件破坏前能量释放及加卸载响应比的演化情况,结果显示,岩石试件宏观破坏前出现了能量加速释放及加卸载响应比剧增这2种前兆现象,从而对地震临界点理论给予了实验支持,同时也为地震预测提供了实验依据。