邻氟苯甲腈的合成研究

以邻甲苯胺为原料 ,采用四步反应法合成邻氟苯甲腈。 (1)邻甲苯胺经西曼反应合成邻氟甲苯 ,收率 6 5 % ;(2 )邻氟甲苯经氯化、水解得到邻氟苯甲醛 ,以过氧化苯甲酰为氯化引发剂 ,氧化锌为水解催化剂 ,收率 80 % ;(3)邻氟苯甲醛经肟化反应得到邻氟苯甲醛肟 ,收率 87% ;(4)肟用乙酸酐脱水合成出邻氟苯甲腈 ,收率 76 % ,产品质量分数大于 99%。     

Kinetics of cellobiose decomposition under subcritical and supercritical water in continuous flow system

The effects of reaction temperature, pressure and residence time were investigated with a flow apparatus. Cellobiose decomposition kinetics and products in suband supercritical water were examined at temperatures from 320 to 420 °C at pressures from 25 to 40 MPa, and at residence times within 3 sec. Cellobiose was found to decompose via hydrolysis and pyrolysis. The yield of desired hydrolysis product, glucose, was the maximum value of 36.8% at 320 °C, 35 MPa, but the amount of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), fermentation inhibitor increased too because residence time increased in the subcritical region owing to decrease of reaction rate. Meanwhile, though the yield of glucose is low in the supercritical region, the yield of HMF decreased compared with the subcritical region; and at the minimum yield of HMF (380 °C, 25 MPa), the yield of glucose was 21.4%. The decomposition of cellobiose followed first-order kinetics and the activation energy for the decomposition of cellobiose was 51.05 kJ/mol at 40MPa.     

局部自适应复合绝缘子检测与憎水性分类网络

憎水性等级(Hydrophobicity Class,HC)是衡量绝缘子性能的重要指标之一。在实际环境的多种因素作用下绝缘子伞裙表面存在局部憎水性差异,为了准确识别绝缘子的性能,本文提出了一种基于深度学习的局部自适应绝缘子检测与憎水性分类模型。首先,通过绝缘子分割模块分离绝缘子与背景区域,为后续针对绝缘子区域的操作提供分割信息;然后将绝缘子区域划分为固定大小的图像块,在缩小分辨率减小运算难度的同时保留了绝缘子表面的细节信息;最后通过憎水性分类模块分析图像块内绝缘子的憎水性。实验使用巡检维护现场的绝缘子图片作为样本集,分阶段构建模型,分别对分割阶段和憎水性分类阶段的准确性进行评估。实验结果显示分割阶段模块能有效识别绝缘子和背景区域,交叉验证的测试集准确率均大于97.21%,并且憎水性分类阶段模块能准确分析绝缘子憎水性,对140幅测试图片的识别准确率达到98.65%。经过实验证明本文提出的模型在复杂自然环境中检测绝缘子性能是一种有效的解决方案。     

不同Li/Nb摩尔比In∶Fe∶LiNbO_3晶体的生长及其光学性能

在Li NbO3(LN)中掺摩尔分数为1%的In和掺质量分数为0.03%的Fe,用提拉法技术生长具有不同n(Li)/n(Nb)[n(Li)/n(Nb)=0.94,1.05,1.20,1.38]的In∶Fe∶LN晶体。测试不同n(Li)/n(Nb)的In∶Fe∶LN晶体的吸收光谱、抗光致散射能力和指数增益系数,并计算晶体的有效载流子浓度。结果表明晶体样品随着n(Li)/n(Nb)增加,吸收光谱的吸收边发生紫移,抗光致散射能力增加,指数增益系数和有效载流子浓度增大。采用n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38的In∶Fe∶LN晶体作记录介质,n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的In∶Fe∶LN晶体作位相共轭镜进行全息关联存储实验。实验表明存储系统具有实时处理,成像质量好,信噪比高和能反复使用等优点。     

面向虚拟维修训练的自抓取虚拟手交互行为构建

针对当前维护训练模拟器（MTD）不能很好地向受训者展示飞机维修过程中的具体维修动作的问题,构建一种自抓取的虚拟手与相应的交互行为,以提高机务培训质量。通过分析维修的基本动作要素,定义与构建基于蒙皮骨骼的虚拟手动作库;在场景漫游阶段,实时获取视角位置来驱动虚拟手运动,减轻场景漫游下的虚拟手控制负荷;在具体维修操作阶段,利用所提的交互行为算法,将虚拟手的位置自调节与骨骼动画osgCal相结合,通过调取动作库中的相应动作,完成具体的维修任务。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能较好地展现具体的维修操作,对于虚拟维修训练具有良好可用性。     

Synthesis and characterization of new functional poly(urethane‐imide) crosslinked networks

To synthesize new functional poly(urethane‐imide) crosslinked networks, soluble polyimide from 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 4,4′‐oxydianiline, and maleic anhydride and polyurethane prepolymer from polycaprolactone diol, tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate were prepared. Poly(urethane‐imide) thin films were finally prepared by the reaction between maleimide end‐capped soluble polyimide (PI) and acrylate end‐capped polyurethane (PU). The effect of polyurethane content on dielectric constant, residual stress, morphology, thermal property, and mechanical property was studied by FTIR, prism coupler, Thin Film Stress Analyzer (TFSA), XRD, TGA, DMTA, and Nano‐indentation. Dielectric constant of poly(urethane‐imide) thin films (2.39–2.45) was lower than that of pure polyimide (2.46). Especially, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films with 50% of PU showed lower dielectric constant than other poly(urethane‐imide) thin films did. Lower residual stress and slope in cooling curve were achieved in higher PU content. Compared to typical polyurethane, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films exhibited better thermal stability due to the presence of the imide groups. The glass transition temperature, modulus, and hardness decreased with increase in the flexible PU content even though elongation and thermal expansion coefficient increased. Finally, poly(urethane‐imide) thin films with low residual stress and dielectric constant, which are strongly affected by the morphological structure, chain mobility, and modulus, can be suggested to apply for electronic devices by variation of PU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 113–123, 2006     

Control of the photorefractive effect using a low Tg sol-gel glass

Summary We prepared the photorefractive sol-gel glass based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing a charge transporting molecule, second-order nonlinear optical chromophore, photosensitizer, and plasticizer. Carbazole and 2-{ 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl) methylamino]benzylidene}malononitrile were reacted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane and the functionalized silanes were employed to fabricate the efficient photorefractive media including 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) to form a charge transfer complex. The simplest way to vary the composition in the matrix was to mix the desired amount of the functionalized alkoxysilane. The prepared sol-gel glass samples contained a large amount of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore compared to that of the charge transporting molecules. They showed a large net gain coefficient and high diffraction efficiency at certain conditions. Received:27 May 2002/Revised version:23 August 2002/Accepted:7 September 2002 Correspondence to Dong Hoon Choi E-mail: dhchoi@khu.ac.kr     

清液体系中高性能T型沸石分子筛膜的合成

由摩尔组成为SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:K2O:H2O=1:0.015:0.25:0.08:25的澄清溶液,在预涂晶种的管状莫来石支撑体上水热合成T型沸石分子筛膜.在高于100℃清液体系中合成出了高性能T型沸石分子筛膜.用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)仪和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对150℃下合成35 h的分子筛膜进行了表征.XRD谱表明:T型沸石分子筛成功地生长在预涂晶种的支撑体上.支撑体的外表面覆盖着20 μm厚有取向的晶体层.从SEM照片判断,起到分离作用的是生长致密的中间层,而不是表层.在150℃下制备的膜,对水/乙醇、水/异丙醇混合物具有高渗透汽化分离性能.优异的渗透汽化性能归因于在涂有晶种的多孔支撑体上生长了一层高结晶度且缺陷较少的T型沸石分子筛晶体层.     

利用厌氧折流反应系统进行有机废水发酵制氢

以厌氧折流形式的发酵生物制氢反应器进行了连续流有机废水发酵产氢试验研究。反应器由有机玻璃制成,三格室,单格有效容积9.16L。以好氧生物处理系统剩余污泥为种泥,在容积负荷为8.89kg COD·(m~3·d)~(-1),水力停留时间为13.5 h,温度(35±1)℃等条件下,系统启动运行25 d后达到稳定运行状态。系统稳定运行时,总产气量和产氢量分别稳定在59.0 L·d~(-1)和32.0 L·d~(-1)左右。其中,第一格室、第二格室和第三格室的平均产气量及其氢含量分别为14 L·d~(-1)、25 L·d~(-1)、20 L·d~(-1)和50％、60％、50％。系统污泥的比产氢速率为76.64 L·(kg VSS·d)~(-1)。与同类生物制氢反应器相比,厌氧折流发酵生物制氢反应器具有结构简单、运行稳定、操作灵活、容积利用率高、生物持有量高以及运行费用较低等优点,在发酵生物制氢技术领域有很好的开发前景。