冷却排管的节能设计

从节能的观点出发，根据热力学原理和传递过程的理论，对冷却排管内湍流传热过程进行分析，研究损失随雷诺数的变化规律，探讨冷却排管的节能设计问题。     

预测控制算法的统一格式及其在电加热炉的应用

本文根据常用的两类预测控制算法推出一种新型预测控制算法。并将其应用于一双输入/双输出的力学持久机电加热炉的温度控制系统上,获得了满意的结果:控温精度为±1.5℃/300℃,且适用于非最小相位系统。     

Procedures for analysis of strain transfer in the acetabular region in vitro

The failure of acetabular cups via loosening, migration or fracture is partially related to the stress distribution existing in the acetabular region. The complexity of the investigation of these stresses demands the application of a variety of model testing techniques involving combined embedded strain gauging, finite element analysis, transmission and reflective photoelasticity and crack propagation studies. The application of these procedures are described and the difficulties of obtaining representative loadings and restraints are commented upon.     

浅析深层搅拌桩的材料使用

本文就深层搅拌桩施工材料使用存在的一些问题进行分析总结。     

Continuous and discontinuous fatigue crack growth of irradiated ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene in saline solution at 37°C

To provide data for prosthesis design, the fatigue crack growth resistance of irradiated ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) in saline solution at 37°C was determined from tests performed on compact tension specimens, comparable in size to the components in knee prostheses. The specimens were cyclically loaded by using a sinusoidal wave form at 1 Hz with a minimum-to-maximum load ratio of 0.1. Scanning electron microscopic fractography was used to examine the fracture surfaces. At higher stress levels, the Paris's Law was used to analyse the data, and a striation pattern with each striation corresponding to multi-cycles was observed. At lower stress levels, discontinuous fatigue crack growth was found, a phenomenon which dominated the fatigue life of the material and had not been reported previously in this material. A craze zone ahead of the crack tip was observed, which formed the discontinuous crack growth band with a length relevant to the Dugdale plastic zone length.     

基于广义最小均方的自适应递归滤波算法

本文提出了一种广义最小均方(GLMS)算法,分析了GLMS算法的性能,并根据GLMS算法,导出一种自适应递归滤波(ARF)算法。在推导中,ARF算法避开了超稳定定理,从而考虑自适应系统的严格正实条件和Popov不等式是不必要的。计算机模拟表明ARF算法具有很高的收敛速度。     

Dynamic Survivability in WDM Mesh Networks Under Dynamic Traffic

Network survivability is a crucial requirement in WDM mesh networks. In this paper, we systematically consider the problem of dynamic survivability with dynamic single link failure in WDM networks under dynamic traffic demands. Specifically, we investigate various protection schemes, such as dedicated path protection (DPP), shared path protection (SPP), dedicated link protection (DLP), shared link protection (SLP), and two restoration schemes, path restoration (PR) and link restoration (LR). Moreover, two new shared protection methods are proposed, i.e., SRLG-based shared link protection (SRLG-SLP) and SRLG-based shared path protection (SRLG-SPP). The SRLG (shared risk link group) constraint defines the availability of protection resources to a working path, which requires that any two working paths sharing the same risk of failure (or in the same SRLG) cannot share the same protection resources. Furthermore, in our study, we consider a more practical dynamic single-link failure model, in which the link-failure-interarrival time and link-failure-holding time are considered as two independent parameters. Based on this link-failure model, extensive simulations are done to analyze and compare the dynamic survivable performance of various protection and restoration schemes. Resource utilization, protection efficiency, restoration efficiency, and service disruption ratio are employed as survivable performance metrics versus traffic load, link-failure frequency, and link-failure reparation time to evaluate the survivable performance. Many meaningful results are given. In addition, we show that the developed SRLG-SLP and SRLG-SPP protection schemes perform very well in terms of protection efficiency and service disruption ratio, while sacrificing some performance in terms of resource utilization.     

Pressure wave propagation in a short tunnel caused by passing trains

The aerodynamic behaviour of pressure transients in railway tunnels due to the passage of train are accompanied by the wave reflection between the entrance and exit of the tunnel as well as the tunnel wall and train surface. This study presents a numerical method using the Harten-Yee upwind TVD scheme to simulate compression wave transients and reflection in a railway tunnel. The strength of the compression wave generated by the entrance of a train into a tunnel emerged within the applied calculation procedure, without any special consideration of the boundary condition for the entrance or exit of the tunnel as well as the train nose and tail. Good agreements were obtained when the initial pressure rise at tunnel entrance and the process of pressure variations in a short tunnel, which were calculated by the presented numerical method, were compared with experimental data. The pressure wave reflection at the entrance and exit, the unsteady flow around the train and the transmitted wave at tunnel exit portal were simulated. The transmitted wave at the tunnel exit portal is also discussed. In addition a method to determine the non-reflective boundary condition for multi-dimensional Euler equation is given.     

Effective sludge solubilization treatment by simultaneous use of ultrasonic and electrochemical processes.

Sludge disintegration treatment by using simultaneously ultrasonic irradiation and electrolysis was investigated experimentally. A lab-scale diaphragm cell irradiated with ultrasound at a constant oscillating frequency of 20 kHz was used as a reactor. The batch experiments were carried out under different conditions of electric outputs of the ultrasonic generator, electric current for the electrolysis and different initial SS concentrations. A simultaneous treatment in the cathodic compartment without any chemical doses considerably facilitated the sludge solubilization, compared to the sonication alone. An increase in the electric current up to 400 mA under a constant ultrasonic density decreased the specific energy by 55% within the experimental range. The specific energy consumption was also reduced when the initial SS concentration increased. In addition, before carrying out the simultaneous treatment, a brief electrolysis was effective for further reduction of the specific energy and the acceleration of soluble COD generation.     

Comparative study of the elimination of toluene vapours in twin biotrickling filters using two microorganisms Bacillus cereus S1 and S2

BACKGROUND: To investigate the microbial degradation performance of organic pollutants in the atmosphere using a biotrickling filter, two microorganism strains, Bacillus cereus S1 and Bacillus cereus S2, were selected, identified and inoculated into a twin biotrickling filter for comparison. RESULTS: Both strains showed good performance towards the degradation of model organic pollutants when gas flow rates ranged from 100 to 600 L h⁻¹. For S1, the total maximum removal efficiency (RE) of toluene was maintained nearly 100% not only at gas flow rates of 100 L h⁻¹ corresponding to empty bed residence time (EBRT) 199.44 s, but also at gas flow rates of 200 L h⁻¹ (EBRT = 99.72 s) and 300 L h⁻¹ (EBRT = 66.48 s). However, S2 had a much lower degradation capability; near 100% removal efficiency was obtained only at the gas flow rate of 100 L h⁻¹ although both bacteria belong to the same Bacillus cereus. With further increase in gas flow rate, the total REs for both S1 and S2 decreased slightly at first and then dropped sharply to 46% and 35%, respectively, at an EBRT of 33.24 s, corresponding to a gas flow rate of 600 L h⁻¹. Starvation for between 2 and 10 days resulted in the re‐acclimation times of both strains ranging between 1.0 and 15.5 h. CONCLUSION: Strain S1 would be a better choice for inoculation into a biotrickling filter than strain S2, because of its much higher toluene removal capacity and rapid recovery to full performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry