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51.
AbstractA method for low-temperature drying with high drying rate was developed for heat-sensitive foods and agricultural products. A freezing pretreatment was combined with fluidized bed drying under reduced pressure. Cylindrical carrot samples were frozen and then placed without thawing in a fluidized bed of hygroscopic porous silica gel particles that adsorbed water from the sample during the drying process. The effects of the freezing pretreatment and hygroscopicity of fluidizing particles on the drying characteristics of carrots were examined. A higher drying rate was achieved when carrots samples were subjected to freezing pretreatment than without it. At 12?kPa, the volume change was smaller in carrots subjected to freezing pretreatment than in untreated samples. A larger amount of water was absorbed during rehydration by carrots dried at 12?kPa than at 101?kPa within 120?min. The properties of dried carrots were affected not only by freezing pretreatment but also by the pressure applied during the drying process. 相似文献
52.
Prevaporation through the PVA membrame containing β-cyclodextrin oligomer (PVA/CD membrane) was performed for the mixtures of water/ethanol, water/1-propanol, and water/2-propanol. At higher alcohol concentrations, the water selectivities were greatly increased by CD for all the mixtures, in the order of 2-propanol/water>1-propanol/water>ethanol/water. The water permeation rate was decreased by CD, and the alcohol permeation rate was decreased much more for each mixture. At lower alcohol concentrations, the water selectivity for 1-propanol/water was slightly increased by CD, and that for 2-propanol/water was scarcely affeted, whereas that for ethanol/water was greatly increased. The water permeation rate was increased by CD for each mixture, and the relative increases in the water rates for propanols/water were smaller than that for ethanol/water. The permeation rate of 1-propanol as well as that of ethanol was decreased by CD, but the rate of 2-propanol was was increased. These effects of CD can be explained in terms of the inclusion strength. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
53.
Dietary eritadenine-induced alteration of molecular species composition of phospholipids in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of dietary eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic compound found in the mushroomLentinus edodes, on the fatty acid and molecular species profiles of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the plasma
and liver microsomes was investigated in relation to the hypocholesterolemic action of the compound in rats. Animals were
fed the control or eritadenine-supplemented (50 mg/kg diet) diet for 14 d. Eritadenine supplementation significantly decreased
the plasma concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids, but not triglycerides. The PC/PE ratio of liver microsomes, but
not plasma, was also markedly decreased by eritadenine. Eritadenine supplementation was found to increase the proportion of
18:2n-6 and, inversely, to decrease the proportion of 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 in plasma PC and liver microsomal PC and PE, indicating
that eritadenine depressed the metabolism of linoleic acid. The effect of eritadenine on the profile of n-3 fatty acids was
dissimilar in PC and PE. These changes in fatty acid composition were selectively reflected in the molecular species composition
of both PC and PE; the extent of increase in 16:0–18:2 molecular species or decrease in 18:0–20:4 molecular species was apparently
greater than that of other molecular species containing 18:2 or 20:4 in the sn-2 position. These results suggest that, in
addition to the decrease in liver microsomal PC/PE ratio, the alteration of plasma PC molecular species composition might
also participate in the hypocholesterolemic action of eritadenine. 相似文献
54.
Corrosion characteristics of reduced activation ferritic steel, JLF-1 (8.92Cr–2W) in molten salts Flibe and Flinak 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masatoshi Kondo Takuya Nagasaka Qi Xu Takeo Muroga Akio Sagara Nobuaki Noda Daisuke Ninomiya Masaru Nagura Akihiro Suzuki Takayuki Terai Naoki Fujii 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1081-1085
Static corrosion tests were performed in molten salts, LiF–BeF2 (Flibe) and LiF–NaF–KF (Flinak), at 500 °C and 600 °C for 1000 h. The purpose is to investigate the corrosion characteristics of reduced activation ferritic steels, JLF-1 (8.92Cr–2W) in the fluids. The concentration of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the fluids was measured by slurry pH titration method before and after the exposure. The HF concentration determined the fluoridation potential. The corrosion was mainly caused by dissolution of Fe and Cr into the fluids due to fluoridation and/or electrochemical corrosion. Carbon on the surface might be dissolved into the fluids due to the corrosion, and this resulted to the decrease of carbide on the surface. The corrosion depth of the JLF-1 specimen, which was obtained from the weight losses, was 0.637 μm in Flibe at 600 °C and 6.73 μm in Flinak at 600 °C. 相似文献
55.
Ferroelectric and Magnetic Properties in Room‐Temperature Multiferroic GaxFe2−xO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
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Tsukasa Katayama Shintaro Yasui Yosuke Hamasaki Takahisa Shiraishi Akihiro Akama Takenori Kiguchi Mitsuru Itoh 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(2)
GaFeO3‐type iron oxide is a promising room‐temperature multiferroic material due to its large magnetization. To expand its usability, controlling the ferroelectric and magnetic properties is crucial. In this study, high‐quality GaxFe2–xO3 (x = 0–1) epitaxial films are fabricated and their properties are systematically investigated. All films exhibit room‐temperature out‐of‐plane ferroelectricity, showing that the coercive electric field (Ec) decreases monotonically with x. Additionally, the films show in‐plane ferrimagnetism with a Curie temperature (TC) >350 K at x = 0–0.6. The coercive magnetic field (Hc) decreases with x at x ≤ 0.6, but shows a constant value at x > 0.6, whereas the saturated magnetization (Ms) increases with x at x ≤ 0.6, but decreases with x at x > 0.6. X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals that the large magnetization at x = 0.6 is derived from Fe3+ (3d5) at octahedral sites. The controllable range of the Ec, Hc, and Ms values at room temperature (400–800 kV cm?1, 1–8 kOe, and 0.2–0.6 µB/f.u.) is very wide and differs from those of well‐known multiferroic BiFeO3. Furthermore, the GaxFe2?xO3 films exhibit room‐temperature magnetocapacitance effects, indicating that adjusting TC near room temperature is useful to achieve large room‐temperature magnetocapacitance behavior. 相似文献
56.
Kaname Uno Shohei Iyoshi Masato Yoshihara Kazuhisa Kitami Kazumasa Mogi Hiroki Fujimoto Mai Sugiyama Yoshihiro Koya Yoshihiko Yamakita Akihiro Nawa Tomohiro Kanayama Hiroyuki Tomita Atsushi Enomoto Hiroaki Kajiyama 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(8)
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and has a unique metastatic route using ascites, known as the transcoelomic root. However, studies on ascites and contained cellular components have not yet been sufficiently clarified. In this review, we focus on the significance of accumulating ascites, contained EOC cells in the form of spheroids, and interaction with non-malignant host cells. To become resistant against anoikis, EOC cells form spheroids in ascites, where epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stimulated by transforming growth factor-β can be a key pathway. As spheroids form, EOC cells are also gaining the ability to attach and invade the peritoneum to induce intraperitoneal metastasis, as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that EOC spheroids in ascites are composed of not only cancer cells, but also non-malignant cells existing with higher abundance than EOC cells in ascites, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, and lymphocytes. Moreover, hetero-cellular spheroids are demonstrated to form more aggregated spheroids and have higher adhesion ability for the mesothelial layer. To improve the poor prognosis, we need to elucidate the mechanisms of spheroid formation and interactions with non-malignant cells in ascites that are a unique tumor microenvironment for EOC. 相似文献
57.
Sang Jun Yoon Jae Goo Lee Hideo Tajima Akihiro Yamasaki Fumio Kiyono Tetsuya Nakazato Hiroaki Tao 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2010,16(3):350-354
Extractions of five kinds of lanthanide metal ions by bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) with [1-Cn-3-methylimidazolium][PF6](Cn = C2, C4) or [1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium][PF6] were carried out under various DEHPA and HNO3 concentrations from 0 to 1 M and under different temperature conditions from 298 to 333 K. These results were compared with those using the conventional organic solvent, hexane, in terms of their distribution coefficient values. Under all of the conditions in this study, the ionic liquid system shows more than three times greater extractability for lanthanide compared to when hexane was used. The distribution coefficient of lanthanide ions decreased as the length of the alkyl chain increased from the ethyl to the butyl. In addition, the imidazolium cation generally shows a higher distribution coefficient compared to the pyridinium cation in an ionic liquid. The concentration ratio of lanthanides and DEHPA resulted in an extraction affinity transition for lanthanides. Also evaluated in this study were issues related to the selectivity associated with the lanthanide mixture and the dependency of the ionic radius during lanthanide extraction. 相似文献
58.
Charged polypeptides containing sulfonate groups were prepared by transesterification of poly(γ‐methyl L ‐glutamate) with isethionic acid. The coil–helix transition of the sulfonated polypeptides was investigated in aqueous alcohols. Marked counter‐ion specificity was observed for helix formation: Li+ < Na+ < Cs+ ≦ Rb+ ≦ K+; this was different to that for poly(L ‐glutamate) (PLG): Cs+ ? K+ < Li+ < Na+. Specific helix stabilization by counter‐ion mixing, which has been found for the PLG system, was not observed for the sulfonated polypeptides. The counter‐ion‐ and solvent‐specific helix formation is discussed and compared with that in PLG. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
59.
Masaru Nagura Akihiro Suzuki Takeo Muroga Takayuki Terai 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1384-1387
Er2O3 is candidate material for insulating coating to prevent the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drop in the self-cooled liquid Li blanket system. Although Er2O3 is stable material, detailed chemical behavior in liquid Li is not clear. Corrosion behavior of bulk Er2O3 in Li is investigated in static and flowing condition in the present study. After these tests, good compatibility of Er2O3 was confirmed and slight formation of LiErO2 was detected by XRD analysis. This chemical behavior did not change in a static and flowing tests, however some of the corrosion product of LiErO2 was removed easily by the Li flow. Intensity of LiErO2 peaks in XRD spectrum suggests that the temperature gradient may affect the reaction rate in the natural convection loop. Since corrosion rate of Er2O3 is very small, slight change in state will be important information to evaluate lifetime of coating. 相似文献
60.
Tsuyoshi Nomura Masahiro Ikeda Seiji Ishiyama Kazuhide Mita Toshiki Tamura Takahiro Okada Kazuhito Fujiyama Akihiro Usami 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,110(4):386-391
In insects, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) participates in critical physiological processes such as fertilization, metamorphosis, and glycoconjugate degradation. Insects produce glycoproteins carrying paucimannosidic-type N-glycans, the terminal GlcNAc residue of which is cleaved by a GlcNAc-linkage specific GlcNAcase, also known as the fused lobes (FDL) protein. To obtain information on the structure of GlcNAcases and insight into their contribution to physiological processes, we cloned Bombyx mori FDL (BmFDL) from silkworm larvae. The full-length cDNA (1.9 kb) encoded a protein of 633 amino acids with 42% amino acid sequence identity to Drosophila melanogaster FDL (DmFDL). Recombinant BmFDL cleaved only β-1,2-linked GlcNAc residues from the α-1,3 branch of biantennary N-glycan. This substrate specificity was similar to that of DmFDL. Microsomal FDL activity was inhibited by anti-BmFDL antibodies. Taken together, our results suggest that BmFDL is a N-glycan-processing GlcNAcase in B. mori. 相似文献