沥青调制温度对活性炭材料结构及电容特性的影响

以煤焦油沥青为原料，在不同温度下调制得到碳质微晶结构的中间相沥青，采用化学活化法制得超级电容器用高比表面积活性炭。以制备的活性炭作电极材料组装模拟电容器，6mol／LKOH溶液为电解液，考察了中间相沥青的调制温度对活性炭结构和电容行为的影响。结果表明：随着调制温度的提高，活性炭比表面积先增加后减小，在450℃时达到最大值，为3250m^2／g；制备的活性炭孔径主要集中在14nin范围内：在350℃时，无定形结构的中间相沥青有利于扩孔，制得的活性炭具有较高的中孔含量：随着调制温度的继续提高，中孔含量下降：活性炭比电容量随着调制温度的提高先增大后减小，450℃时达到最大值，为215F／g。     

LiF对Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3熔体初晶温度和Al_2O_3溶解度的影响

采用步冷曲线法测定Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3-LiF熔体的初晶温度,采用旋转刚玉片质量损失法测定Al2O3在Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3-LiF熔体中的溶解度。结果表明:当LiF添加量在0～4%范围内时,每添加1%LiF使Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3熔体的初晶温度降低3～4.7℃,小于Na3AlF6-AlF3熔体中添加LiF后初晶温度的影响;在0～3%的范围内,每添加1%LiF将使Al2O3在Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3熔体中的溶解度降低0.23%～0.55%。     

Sintering of the NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi Cermet

The sintering behavior of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/SNi has the highest relative density of 97.28 % when it is sintered at 1 350 ℃, but it decreases to 95.23 % when sintered at 1 400 ℃. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2 O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 ℃ and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.     

Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.     

锂硫电池用气相生长碳纤维增强硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响(英文)

制备了锂硫电池用硫-多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料,并分别采用气相生长碳纤维(VGCFs)和导电炭黑作为复合正极的导电添加剂,通过形貌表征(SEM)、恒流充放电测试和交流阻抗分析(EIS)研究VGCFs对硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响。结果表明:采用VGCFs作添加剂的硫-多壁碳纳米管复合电极具有三维网状结构,其首次放电比容量为1254 mA·h/g,40次循环后容量保持在716 mA·h/g。与采用导电炭黑为添加剂的电极相比,采用VGCFs为添加剂的电极具有更高的活性物质利用率和更好的循环稳定性。相互搭接的纤维状VGCFs可形成稳定的导电网络,抑制正极材料及残存放电产物的团聚堆积,维持电极的多孔性,从而改善电池的电化学性能。     

卷绕型超级电容器的电容特性

以高性能活性炭为电极材料,采用锂离子电池和铝电解电容器的制作工艺,制备出尺寸为Φ12 mm×20 mm的卷绕型超级电容器.通过BET比表面积、扫描电镜、激光粒度和振实密度对活性炭进行了分析;通过恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法,对超级电容器的充放电特性、功率特性、电容量、内阻、漏电流和循环寿命等进行了研究.活性炭的比表面积为1 770 m2/g,总孔容为0.831 6 ml/g,平均孔径为1.880 nm,平均粒径为5.19 μm,振实密度为0.41g/cm3.制备的超级电容器为2.5 V/6.0 F,直流内阻为150 mΩ,交流内阻为58 mΩ,功率特性和循环性能良好.     

300 kA铝电解槽中焦粒焙烧过程温度场的仿真优化

使用有限元法建立了300 kA铝电解槽的焦粒焙烧三维1/4整槽模型,针对目前普遍采用焦粒均匀铺设方式,对其焦粒焙烧过程的温度分布与变化特征进行了瞬态数值仿真研究。当前的焦粒焙烧启动方式存在阴极表面温差过大、各阴极炭块随空间位置不同温度分布差异过大、端部第1至第3块阴极炭块平均温度低于900℃、阴极炭块和捣固糊升温速度过快等缺陷。提出在阴极表面从电解槽边缘向中心依次铺设电阻率递增的焦粒层的优化焙烧方案,并进行温度场仿真计算。结果表明：该优化方案可以使阴极表面温度分布更加均匀,端部第1至第3块阴极炭块表面温差比优化前降低8%以上,中间第4至第13块阴极炭块表面温差降低30%以上,阴极炭块和阴极缝糊平均升温速度降低12%,该优化方案更有利于减少电解槽的早期破损。     

Fabrication and anodic polarization behavior of lead-based porous anodes in zinc electrowinning

A new type of lead-based porous anode in zinc electrowinning was prepared by negative pressure infiltration. The anodic polarization potential and corrosion rate were studied and compared with those of traditional fiat anodes （Pb-0.8%Ag） used in industry. The anode corrosion rate was determined by anode actual current density and microstructure. The results show that the anodic oxygen evolution potential decreases first and then increases with the decrease of pore diameter. The anodic potential decreases to the lowest value of 1.729 V at the pore diameter of 1.25-1.60 mm. The porous anode can decrease its actual current density and thus decrease the anodic corrosion rate. When the pore diameter is 1.60-2.00 mm, the anodic relative corrosion rate reaches the lowest value of 52.1%.     

铝电解用TiB2/Al2O3复合阴极的烧结与性能研究

以氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂,采用冷压烧结法制备出铝电解用TiB2/Al2O3复合阴极材料,研究了烧结温度、烧结时间和溶胶添加量对复合阴极相对密度、电阻率和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:烧结温度的提高能够增加复合阴极的相对密度,同时有利于降低复合阴极电阻率。1 400℃烧结的复合阴极相对密度可达93.83%,电阻率最低为0.56μΩ.m。随着烧结时间的延长,复合阴极的电阻率先降低后增加。烧结时间为5 h时复合阴极电阻率最低,为0.72μΩ.m。当溶胶含量为25%,1 400℃烧结5 h时,复合阴极材料性能最佳,其电阻率可达0.72μΩ.m、抗压强度为38.70 MPa。     

K助剂活化沥青用于石油焦中粉焦成型的研究

以常温活化沥青作为粉焦成型用胶粘剂,并在此基础上研制了可使粉焦常温低压成型的K助剂活化沥青胶粘剂。研究结果表明:当m(粉焦)=100 g、w(沥青)=12%、V(助剂K)=4.0～5.0 mL、V(水)=12 mL、成型压力为15.92 MPa和保压时间为60 s时,经1 300℃煅烧后粉焦熟块具有相对最好的综合性能,其体积电阻率小于560.00μΩ.m,真密度高于2.05 g/cm3;K助剂活化沥青胶粘剂能有效提高粉焦的利用率,具有良好的实际应用价值。