Pilgrim dark energy in f(T,T G ) cosmology

We work on the reconstruction scenario of pilgrim dark energy (PDE) in f(T,T _G ). In PDE model it is assumed that a repulsive force that is accelerating the Universe is phantom type with (w _DE f(T,T _G ) models and correspondingly evaluate equation of state parameter for various choices of scale factor. Also, we assume polynomial form of f(T,T _G ) in terms of cosmic time and reconstruct H and w _DE in this manner. Through discussion, it is concluded that PDE shows aggressive phantom-like behavior for s=?2 in f(T,T _G ) gravity.     

Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Miocene plutons in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc,east Tafresh,Central Iran

ABSTRACT

The Tafresh plutons that include Ahmadabab diorite, Vasfonjerd monzonite, Mehrezamin diorite and Chahak diorite, located to the east of Tafresh city, north-central Iran, are part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. U-Pb dating of zircon grains provides emplacement ages of 22.3 ± 1 Ma for the Ahmadabad diorite, and tightly clustered ages of 22.2 ± 0.2 Ma, 21.3 ± 0.2 Ma, and 21.7 ± 0.4 Ma for Vasfonjerd monzodiorite, Mehrezamin diorite-monzonite, and Chahak diorite-monzonite plutons, respectively. These rocks are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, calc-alkaline, and characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements, Nb-Ta negative anomalies, and high LILE/HFSE ratios. Tafresh plutonic rocks originated from a parental magma source and experienced different degrees of partial melting. Geochemical signatures of Tafresh plutonic rocks, such as a wide range of Y/Nb (2.7–8.4) and low Zr/Nb (19.5–35.) ratios, Nb/Ta (11.46–18.15), argue for mantle–crust interaction during generation of Tafresh magmas. Relatively low Nb/La ratios further indicate that the lithospheric mantle played a significant role in melt generation. HREE signatures (i.e. decrease Dy/Yb with increasing SiO₂) preclude substantial involvement of garnet either in the residue, both during partial melting and fractionation of the magma. The plutons are a product of final stages of subduction-related magmatism prior to the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates.     

Simulating soil loss rate in Ekbatan Dam watershed using experimental and statistical approaches

Reservoir sedimentation resulting fromwater erosion is an important environmental issue inmany countries where storage of water is crucial for economic and agricultural development.Therefore,this paper reports results from analysis of the soil hydrological response,i.e.soil water erosion,to simulated rainfall resulting in sediment accumulation at the reservoir of Ekbatan Dam(Hamedan province,Iran).Also,another objective of this study was to simulate the future trends in reservoir sedimentation(soil loss rate;SLR)from indoor rainfall simulator data by multiple linear regression(MLR)and Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs).For this research,three sampling points with different types of soils were chosen including clayey sand soil(SC-SM),silty soil(ML),and clayey soil(CL).The input parameters were slope gradient(sin θ),soil type(St),water content(w),dry density(γd),shear strength(τ),unconfined compressive strength(qu),permeability(k),and California bearing ratio(CBR).Using MLR and ANN methods,7 models were developed with 2 constant predictors(i.e.sin θ and St)and 6 free predictors which were added in each step one by one.Among MLR models,model 5 with St,sin θ,γd,τ,w,and qu as input parameters was statistically significant.Among ANN models,model 4 with St,sin θ,?d,τ,and w as input parameters,9 nodes,and 1 hidden layer was statistically significant.The root mean square error(RMSE),mean error(ME),and correlation coefficient(R)values were 1.433 kg/m^2 h,0.0195 kg/m^2 h,and 0.698 for the MLRmodel and 0.38 kg/m^2 h,0.151 kg/m^2 h,and 0.98 for the ANN model,respectively.These results show that the ANN model could better predict the SLR in comparison to the MLR model.The results also demonstrate that shear strength,among the strength parameters,had a greater impact on the SLR than compressive strengths(qu and CBR).Last but not the least,the reservoir sedimentationwas estimated for all methods and compared with the observed data.The results indicate that the ANN model is more appropriate for forecasting/simulating the sediment yield for a small watershed.     

Integration of cadastral survey data into building information models

Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property. The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents. This practice is efficient for simple land parcels but can be challenged in complex building developments. To address the issues stemmed from 2D methods of representing cadastral survey data, 3D spatial information models can be considered as a viable solution for managing cadastral survey data. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enables colsslaborative 3D management of the design, construction, and operation of buildings. There have been extensive studies conducted to investigate the connectivity between BIM and 3D cadaster. Most of these studies focus on managing legal information, such as ownership boundaries and attributes, in BIM-based environments. However, there is limited investigation on how survey- ing measurements can be mapped into BIM. In this study, the proposed method for integrating the cadastral survey data into the BIM environment includes identifying cadastral survey requirements, using BIM entities relevant to cadastral survey data, enrichment of a BIM proto- type, and evaluation of the prototype. The major contribution of this study is to demonstrate the storage of cadastral survey data such as survey marks and traverse lines in the BIM environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the further enrichment of BIM with incorporating data elements related to cadastral surveying practices. It is confirmed that current BIM-based tools provide restricted capabilities for explicit management and visualiza- tion of cadastral survey data. This limitation can be addressed in the future enhancements of BIM in terms of supporting important elements for cadastral survey data.     

An alternative method for density variation modeling of the crust based on 3-D gravity inversion

In this paper we are proposing an alternative method for determination of density variations of the crust from constrained inversion of the terrestrial gravity data. The main features of the method can be summarized as follows: (i) Constructing a band-pass filter to remove the long and short wavelength signals from the terrestrial gravity data. (ii) Using an iterative method for stabilization and solution of the inverse problem. The mentioned regularization method is first validated by simulated gravity data and next the methodology is used for development of a new regional density variation model of the crust in three layers based on real gravity data in geographical area of Iran. Application of the band-pass filter to the latter data resulted the residual gravitation variations in the range of − 300 to 50 (mGal) which next based on the iterative method resulted following ranges for residual densities: −120 to 40 (kg/m³) in first layer, −40 to 40 (kg/m³) in second layer, and − 40 to 40 (kg/m³) in third layer.     

2-D SIMULATION OF CHANNEL FLOWS WITH MOVEABLE BED

1 INTRODUCTIONFor many hydraulic engineering problems, the analysis of flow and bed level variations in openchannels is a fundamental prerequisite. forcal methOds fOr alluvial rivers are well develoPednowadays as far as onediInensional descriPtions are concemed. A cOmPrhensive analysis of Ihe wellknown models is Presented by Habersack(l998). HOwever, for a number of Problems such as channelwidening, flow pattem close to sPuds and etc. a more deailed knowledge of the bed level behavio…     

Influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes

To assess the influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes, seven rock slopes along the margin of Ganjnameh–Shahrestaneh Road, Hamedan Province, Western Iran were selected, and the physical and mechanical properties of their rocks and discontinuities were determined. By statistical studies of the discontinuities, rock slope stability analysis has been performed using kinematic and limit equilibrium methods so that safety factors for the rock slopes can be calculated. Also, sampling of filling materials and X-ray diffraction tests have been done to identify the clay minerals in the filling materials. The lithologies of the studied rock slopes are granite, diorite and hornfels. The presence of discontinuities and weakness planes with different orientations and clay minerals in filling materials of discontinuities are effective factors that cause plane, wedge and toppling failures in the rock slopes. Clay minerals as filling materials of discontinuities in the studied rock slope facilitate their instability by two different methods. First, absorption of water by infilling clay minerals causes the friction angle of discontinuity surfaces that leads to plane and wedge failures to be reduced. Second, water absorption causes the swelling of clay infilling minerals that leads to toppling failure.