Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

可吸入颗粒物对我市环境空气质量的影响及对策建议

近年来,随着城市化建设进程的加速和环境保护工作的深入开展,城市环境空气质量的污染类型已由SO2与PMIO混合型污染,逐步转变为以扬尘为主要污染物的可吸入颗粒物污染,通过对我市市区空气质量状况、可吸入颗粒物污染成因分析,提出控制或削减可吸入颗粒物污染的对策建议。     

乌鲁木齐河源区黑碳气溶胶浓度特征及其来源分析

利用七波段黑碳仪对2016年8月—2017年7月乌鲁木齐河源区大气中黑碳气溶胶进行了实时监测,并结合同时期气象资料对该区域黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征、影响因子和可能来源进行了分析.结果表明,观测期间乌鲁木齐河源区黑碳浓度在102～1525 ng·m~(-3)之间变化,均值为520 ng·m~(-3).春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的浓度分别为425、536、686和427 ng·m~(-3),呈秋季最高,夏季次之,冬、春季低的季节变化特点.日内变化具有明显的双峰双谷特征,在当地时间8:00—9:00(与北京时间的时差为2小时,即为北京时间10:00—11:00,下同)和16:00—19:00有两个明显的峰值,可能与当地的排放和气象因素有关.乌鲁木齐河源区黑碳的本底浓度在春季、夏季和秋季分别为253、271和290 ng·m~(-3),而冬季黑碳的本底浓度仅为162 ng·m~(-3).与其他偏远地区相比,乌鲁木齐河源区因受较多排放源影响,黑碳浓度本底值较高.黑碳气溶胶浓度与气象因素相关性显著,当风速小于2 m·s~(-1)时,黑碳的平均浓度明显偏高,当相对湿度大于55%时,黑碳浓度明显偏低.由浓度权重轨迹分析和波长吸收指数(AAE)可知,乌鲁木齐河源区的黑碳浓度,除了受本地化石燃料燃烧和生物质燃烧排放的影响以外,还可能受到中亚地区远距离传输的影响.     

生物法合成纳米铁的研究进展

纳米铁颗粒的制备技术发展迅速,方法多种多样。生物法因其具有原料来源广,反应条件温和,产物纳米级颗粒不易团聚,以及有毒副产物少等特点,成为学者们争相研究的对象。对近几年国内外采用微生物、植物提取物等合成纳米铁材料的方法及机理进行了阐述,综述了纳米铁在环保领域的应用,并对今后深入研究生物法合成纳米铁的前景进行了展望。     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

沙颍河流域行政单元的排污权初始分配研究

初始排污权的有效分配是排污权交易制度实施的基础,结合中国现行行政特征,以行政单元作为排污权初始分配主体开展排污权初始分配研究。具体是：以沙颍河流域为例,根据淮河水利委员会制定的沙颍河流域水功能区划及COD、氨氮限排总量要求,以COD、氨氮作为排污权初始分配的客体,通过等比例削减方法对沙颍河流域内的行政单元进行了排污权初始分配,得到了流域内各市县级行政单元的COD、氨氮初始排放权,并在此基础上从政策可行性、区域合作性及上下游城市的协调性等方面提出了开展排污权初始分配的若干建议。     

高速铁路车轮减振降噪优化方法

高速铁路车轮的振动辐射噪声在轮轨滚动辐射噪声中占有很大的比重,而且在1500Hz以上的频段内占主导,对列车车轮进行优化设计,通过改变车轮的形状,可以达到较好的减振降噪效果。本文对高速铁路车轮优化方法进行详细的分析评论,并提出相应的问题和改进的方向。     

杭州市地面水中多环芳烃污染现状及风险

用HPLC和化学分析法,监测了1999～2002年丰水期和枯水期杭州市地面水中10种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和COD、BOD5等常规指标.结果表明,10种PAHs浓度范围为0.989～96.21g/L,平均浓度30.82g/L;BaP平均浓度为1.582g/L,污染较为严重;地面水中PAHs浓度和检出率均为丰水期高于枯水期;COD、BOD₅与PAHs总浓度之间没有相关性,因而不能反映地面水PAHs污染的风险;BeP、BaP与PAHs总浓度之间具有较好的线性相关,可作为水体PAHs污染的代表物.常规的自来水处理工艺不能有效地去除源水中微量PAHs等有机污染物,因此地面水特别是饮用源水PAHs污染存在较大的健康风险.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.     

用于青霉素废水处理的高效菌株的分离及特性研究

从某制药厂污水处理站的活性污泥中筛选出两株能以青霉素废水中有机物为惟一碳源和能源的高效降解菌k1和k2。通过形态及生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定2株菌为芽孢菌,其中k2为短小芽孢杆菌（bacillus pumilus）。2株菌的最适pH值分别为8和7,温度均为35℃,当废水含量50%时,菌株k1和k2对青霉素废水的COD去除率分别为79%和81%。单菌株与混合菌株对废水的降解特性试验表明,前48 h混菌对废水的去除率不及单菌株,而48 h后混合菌株去除率高于单菌株,60 h时达到最高为85%。