YM-32890 A and B, new types of macrolide antibiotics produced by Cytophaga sp

Two new types of macrolide antibiotics, YM-32890 A and B, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of cytophaga sp. YL-02905S. In this paper, the taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of the antibiotics are reported. YM-32890 A inhibits the growth of staphylococci including a macrolide-resistant strain, but shows no antimicrobial activity against other Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.     

Crystal orientation of β-phase isotactic polypropylene induced by magnetic orientation of N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide

Melt crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), containing crystallites of N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide (DCNDCA) as a nucleating agent of the the β-phase iPP crystal, is carried out under a magnetic field (6 T) to obtain the alignment of the iPP crystal induced by magnetic alignment of DCNDCA. In a previous paper, DCNDCA was reported to undergo magnetic alignment in a liquid suspension. The obtained iPP sample exhibits alignment of the β-phase crystal with the c-axis aligned perpendicular to the magnetic field. The comparison of this alignment of iPP with the reported magnetic alignment of DCNDCA indicates that the β-phase crystal grows epitaxially on the DCNDCA crystal. The (330)_β plane of the iPP crystal lies on the bc-plane of the DCNDCA crystal in which the direction of the c-axis of the iPP coincides with the direction of the b-axis of the DCNDCA crystal.     

Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate on a ball-milled surface of coal at 77 K

The ball-milling of coal with methylmethacrylate monomer was carried out under vacuum at 77 K and at room temperature and in air. The e.s.r. and i.r. spectra of ball-milled material showed that a copolymer of coal and methylmethacrylate was formed on the surfaces of coal created by ball-mining. Oxygen is an inhibitor to this process.     

In-situ monitoring of the stabilization with hydrogen of free radicals thermally induced from coal using high pressure e.s.r., d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment

High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H₂ molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts.     

Gain‐Scheduled Control via Switching of LTI Controllers and State Reset

This paper proposes a synthesis method of gain‐scheduled control systems that switch linear time‐invariant controllers according to hysteresis of the scheduling parameter. Stability and L₂‐gain analysis and synthesis methods for switched systems are applied to the switched gain‐scheduled control synthesis using reset of the controller state, where also the reset law is computed via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In addition to optimization of an upper bound of L₂‐gain, we reduce jumps of control input via an auxiliary optimization. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the switched gain‐scheduled controller.     

Theory of Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis and Its Application to a Slope Toppling at Amatoribashi, Japan

A three-dimensional (3D) rock slope toppling occurred in a discontinuous rock mass. To simulate the failure process and study the mechanism of this rock failure with contact and large displacement in 3D, a new discrete numerical method has been developed called the 3D discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). This article first introduces the basic principles and then derives the formulas in detail. Finally, the slope failure simulation is applied as an example to investigate the applicability of this new method to rock slope failure research. The simulation results indicate the advantages of using this new method to study the mechanism of a rock slope failure with 3D behavior.     

Polyphenols Extracted from Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Residue by Hot‐Compressed Water and Their Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase in vitro

Abstract: Polyphenols, retained in black tea wastes following the commercial production of tea beverages, represent an underutilized resource. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of hot‐compressed water (HCW) for the extraction of pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea residues. Black tea residues were treated with HCW at 10 °C intervals, from 100 to 200 °C. The resulting extracts were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and assayed to determine their inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Four theaflavins (TF), 5 catechins, 2 quercetin glycosides, quinic acid, gallic acid, and caffeine were identified. The total polyphenol content of extracts increased with increasing temperature but lipase inhibitors (TF, theaflavin 3‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3′‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3,3′‐O‐gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate) decreased over 150 °C. All extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase but extracts obtained at 100 to 140 °C showed the greatest lipase inhibition (IC₅₀s of 0.9 to 1.3 μg/mL), consistent with the optimal extraction of TFs and catechins except catechin by HCW between 130 and 150 °C. HCW can be used to extract pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea waste. These extracts have potential uses, as dietary supplements and medications, for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Practical Application: Active forms of lipase inhibitors can be recovered from black tea residues. They could be used as dietary supplements or medications.     

Tank模型及其在边坡水位预测中的应用

 Tank模型可以模拟非线性的降雨–地下水运移过程,并且能迅速得到解答。基于现有的单列tank模型,提出新的复合水箱模型。由于新模型参数超过20个,应用传统优化算法难以快速找到最优解,一种新的启发式自搜索算法(变维数搜索算法)被引入并改进后用于模型最优解的寻找。变维数搜索算法能够根据搜索进程的变化自动改变搜索维数并且快速找到最优解。27个参数的复合tank模型被应用于日本国道九号线的一个边坡,计算结果表明：变维数搜索算法能够在10 min左右找到合适的最优解;降雨过程复合tank模型计算的地下水位变化和观测值非常接近。最后通过和有限单元法计算结果的比较表明,有限单元法的计算结果受地质渗透特性的影响很大,而复合tank模型不存在这种问题。工程实例计算表明,该方法和监测结果比较一致,但其适应性更强,特别适用于没有进行足够地质结构探查的边坡。它能够快速反映降雨过程中地下水位的运移过程,可以推广使用。     

Analysis of a coal-derived liquid using highpressure liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry

Synchronous fluorescence spectra of model polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbon molecules were recorded and used to identify the number of condensed rings in the aromatic molecules. A coal-derived liquid from Yubarishinko coal was initially separated into fractions having different number of condensed aromatic rings, and each fraction was further divided into narrow fractions having different numbers of carbon atoms. These fractions were studied using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Results indicate the potential usefulness of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy as a method of analysis of complex mixtures as coal-derived liquids despite the limitation of the method that some molecules give only weak peaks. Several components in some fractions were identified by a combination of synchronous fluorescence spectra and conventional excitation and emission fluorescence spectra.     

Technologies towards patterned optical foils applied to transflective LCDs

Abstract— For better front‐of‐screen performance for transflective LCDs, a technology with extra free optimization parameters for the optical stack is needed. Thin wet coatable retarders which enable adjustment of the optical activity on the (sub)pixel level have been developed. Isotropic domains have been created in nematic retardation films by thermal patterning or photopatterning. Employing such a patterned retarder in a transflective LCD leads to an LCD that is lighter and thinner with good reflectivity, high transmission, and low chromaticity at all gray levels and wide viewing angles. The patterned thin‐film technology has been proven to be versatile and applicable in various LCD designs.