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1.
Under a set of broadly justified simplifying assumptions, an analytical approach to the problem of cross phase modulation in optical fibers is presented. Simple analytical expressions describing intensity interference caused by cross-phase modulation (XPM) are derived. It turns out that within a physically realizable range of parameters the power penalties induced by XPM have a linear dependence on the power of the interfering signal. Examples of specific systems are presented and discussed  相似文献   
2.
We provide accurate analytical estimates of timing- and amplitude-jitter caused by nonlinear pulse interaction in systems based on highly dispersed optical pulses, both for coherent and noncoherent pulse streams. We show that the system penalties reduce monotonically with pulsewidth and with increasing fiber dispersion. We demonstrate that proper dispersion pre-compensation can result in a significant reduction of the nonlinear inpairments and provide analytical tools for obtaining the optimal pre-compensation parameters  相似文献   
3.
Using the retarded plate model, we derive the correlations and the mean-square values of all orders of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) as well as the autocorrelation function of the PMD vector. Our results provide the signal bandwidth below which the first-order approximation of the principal states of polarization is valid. We show that this bandwidth depends only on the mean value of the differential group delay. Our theoretical results are supported by simulations and experiments  相似文献   
4.
5.
We propose a technique that allows efficient simulation of fibers with a specific value of instantaneous polarization mode dispersion (PMD) at a given optical frequency. The proposed technique is rigorously indistinguishable in the statistical sense from applying the brute-force Monte Carlo method and then selecting the fibers whose PMD vector has the desired value. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, we calculate the probability density function of the differential group delay (DGD) conditioned on the value of the DGD at an offset frequency.  相似文献   
6.
This paper describes a study of the effect of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in optical communications systems, taking into account the effect of dynamic gain equalization. The paper shows that the PDL-induced SNR penalty is caused by two distinct mechanisms related to the two polarization components of the amplified spontaneous emission noise generated in each amplifier. The noise components whose polarization is parallel to the signal at the various amplifier locations dominate the PDL-induced penalty in the absence of gain equalization. In the presence of even a moderate number of gain equalizers, the orthogonal noise components dominate the SNR degradation. Expressions are obtained relating the outage probability to the necessary performance margin that needs to be allocated for PDL.  相似文献   
7.
The authors study numerically the importance of the frequency dependence of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector to the operation of optical systems and evaluate the validity of the second-order PMD approximation. They show that there is no relevant range of parameters in which the second-order PMD approximation is useful and question the validity of considering discrete high-orders of PMD.  相似文献   
8.
The performance of two multilevel modulation formats, differential-phase-amplitude shift-keying (DPASK) and differential quadrature-phase-shift keying (DQPSK), is compared for linear and nonlinear channels. For DPASK, the optimal extinction ratio is derived for both linear and nonlinear transmission. It is shown that for single-channel transmission, DQPSK outperforms DPASK in linear channels, whereas DPASK achieves better performance when nonlinear impairments are present.  相似文献   
9.
Cross-phase modulation in an L-band EDFA   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We measure the cross talk in a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system arising from cross-phase modulation (XPM) in an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). This effect has the potential of becoming the dominant nonlinear crosstalk mechanism in L-band WDM systems using standard fiber. We discuss how appropriate amplifier design can reduce the XPM in the EDFA  相似文献   
10.
We examine the effect of nonlinear amplification on the noise properties of an amplified signal. We show that the output noise statistics can be approximated as Gaussian over a wide range of practical parameters. In addition, we show that nonlinear amplification of noise carrying signals may result in an enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Basic principles dictate that this can not improve the bit error rate performance of a communication link, as long as an optimal detection scheme is used. Hence, we conclude that for communication systems that exploit nonlinear amplification in semiconductor optical amplifiers, evaluation of performance on the basis of the SNR can be misleading and should be made with great care.  相似文献   
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