一种腐屑食性鱼类对生态系统氮循环的影响

研究表明 :腐屑食性鱼类——梭鱼对环境中有机氮的摄入能力随体重的增加而增加 ,随温度的升高 ,体重系数显著减少。摄入氮 (CN,mg/ d)与体重 (W,g)和温度 (T,℃ )的数值关系可用如下模型表示 :CN=0 .6 370 W1 .0 642 ln(3.70 0 8T)。体重为 1 0 0 g的梭鱼每日可消耗环境中 332 mg氮有机质。梭鱼氮的吸收效率主要受温度的影响 ,而氮的转化效率与体重呈显著的正相关关系。随体重的增加 ,排泄氮所占比例降低     

日本对虾野生种群和养殖种群遗传结构的RAPD标记研究

于１９９７年４月在福建和山东青岛分别采集地虾野生种群和养殖群体的样品,采用ＲＡＰＤ标记技术对其遗传结构进行初步研究。用２０个随机引物在野生种群和养殖群体中分别扩增出１５７和１５３条ＤＮＡ片段,其中多态性段数分别为８５和５８条,多态性片段的比例分别为５４．１４％和３７．９１％,平均杂合度分别为０．２５１７和０．１３４３。     

Report on Pontoniinae shrimps （Crustacea：Decapoda）collected by Joint Chinese—German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan lsland ,South China Sea：Ⅱ.Harpiliopsis,Ischnopontonia,Jocaste,Palae—mone

The present paper reports 9 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan IS-land ,South China Sea ,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which Peri-climenaeus arabicus (Calman,1939) and Periclimenaeus hecate (Nobili,1904) are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

RECRUITMENT OF POSTLARVAL PRAWNS, PENAEUS ORIENTALIS, TO A TIDAL ESTUARY OF JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA

Postlarval Penaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn's recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas.The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb t     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)四倍体诱导研究

利用光控和行为学原理,控制中国对虾在适当时候产卵,在一定的时刻以温度休克和细胞松弛素的方法诱导受精卵发育成为四倍体。作者发展了对虾染色体制备技术,以中肠和触角腺、精巢为材料,从后期幼体直到8～9cm左右次成虾均获得较好的分裂中相。染色体倍性检测结果表明,最好的四倍体诱导成功率达66.7％。共获得10cm左右的实验对虾几千尾。初步观察表明,四倍体中国对虾具有一定的生长优势。     

中国近海的蔓足类 Ⅰ.藤壶属

藤壶属(Genus Balanus)是甲壳类蔓足亚纲(Subclass Cirripedia)藤壶科(Family Balanidae)中最大的一属，它在有害海洋附着生物中是主要组成成分。许多种附着于船底、水下设施或建筑物上，致使船舰燃料消耗增加，航速减低，降低浮标浮力，缩小管道通路，侵占某些水产养殖对象的有效附着面，污损养殖架筏和绳索，加快水下金属的腐蚀等，对海防、海运交通、工业和渔业常造成一定危害，同人类的关系颇为密切。随着我国科学事业的发展，特别是附着生物防除工作的进展，对于种类的确切鉴定和生物学及生态学资料需要日益增多，只有在搞清种类的基础上，根据不同种的生物学和生态特征，采取相应的措施，才能有效地进行防除工作。 中国近海的藤壶属，国内外仅有一些零星记载，缺乏全面而系统的报告。我们早在五十年代，就注意到我国沿海常见的一些主要附着生物，特别是当时作为“布纹藤壶” Balanus Amphitrite communis Darwin(=B.reticulatus Utinomi)和“克氏藤壶”Balanus Amphitrite krügeri Nilsson-Cantell(=B.uliginosus Utinomi)描记的两个类型，无论在栖息环境、繁殖习性或幼虫形态上都有显著差异，因而怀疑它们不是一个种内的亚种，而应属于不同的种。为了解决上述和类似的问题，给生态和防除研究工作提供更为准确的基本资料，我们对藤壶亚目的种类进行了系统的研究，本文是研究报告的第一部分。根据的是中国科学院海洋研究所历年采集收藏的标本，共鉴定31种和亚种，分隶于7个亚属，其中有6新种，有9种在我国是首次记录(种名录见190页)。新种的模式标本均保存于中国科学院海洋研究所。     

专家系统开发工具(TUILI语言)与海洋生物学研究

专家系统(Expert System简称ES)是在人工智能(Artifical Intelligence简称AI)的研究过程中产生的。不管人们如何看待AI,但都很现实地承认:解决某一领域内的具体问题,ES是不可低估的手段,有时甚至可超过同行专家。EH.Shorfliffe等人完成的用于诊断和治疗感染性疾病MYCIM系统收到很好效果;斯坦福(Startford)国际研究所(SDI)研制的矿藏勘测专家系统PROSPECTOR,在华盛顿州找到了专家未曾找到的一处钼矿。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)卵子激活过程的研究

许多动物的成熟卵子的激活都是由受精引起的,精子的刺激引起卵子的皮层反应及减数分裂的完成[1].而对虾的成熟卵子的激活可由海水引起,而无需受精[2～9].在对锐脊单肢虾(Sicyonia ingentis)卵子激活研究中发现,其成熟卵子无论受精与否,在接触海水以后具有相同的激活过程,受精卵和未受精卵的皮层反应及减数分裂的完成没有区别,但未受精卵不能进行正常的卵裂[7].     

A new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea

Ataxonomic survey of benthic marine animals from coastal regions of Hainan Island, South China Sea, revealed specimens of a new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae), Eunice uschakovi n. sp., collected from the intertidal zone. The species belongs to the group of Eunice that has yellow tridentate subacicular hooks and branchiae scattered over an extensive region of the body. It resembles E. miurai and E. havaica in having both bidentate and tridentate falcigers, but can be readily distinguished by branchial features. Comparisons between E. uschakovi and the two related species are presented.