MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN TYPHOON MORAKOT (2009)

Microphysical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(RSD)in Typhoon Morakot(2009) have been studied through the PARSIVEL disdrometer measurements at one site in Fujian province,China during the passage of the storm from 7 to 10 August 2009.The time evolution of the RSD reveals different segments of the storm.Significant difference was observed in the microphysical characteristics between the outer rainband and the eyewall;the eyewall precipitation had a broader size distribution(a smaller slope) than the outer rainband and eye region.The outer rainband and the eye region produced stratiform rains while the eyewall precipitation was convective or mixed stratiform-convective.The RSD was typically characterized by a single peak distribution and well represented by the gamma distribution.The relations between the shape(μ)and slope(Λ)of the gamma distribution and between the reflectivity(Z)and rainfall rate(R)have been investigated.Based on the NW-Dm relationships,we suggest that the stratiform rain for the outer rainband and the eye region was formed by the melting of graupel or rimed ice particles,which likely originated from the eyewall clouds.     

全站仪断面测量方法

从野外断面测量的角度出发,主要讨论全站仪在断面测量中的野外观测方法、数据处理思路以及相应的软件研制.     

云南昆明盆地晚新生代沉积环境的演化

对盆地进行了古地磁采样和精确测定及地质分析,确定了昆明盆地是—个断陷盆地,断陷发生于晚上新世并一直延续到现在。对盆地晚新生代沉积地层进行了划分,对沉积环境演变进行了论述。从孢粉分析结果和氧同位素分析数据对昆明盆地晚新生代气候变化进行了详细论述并与当时世界气候进行了对比。     

地图投影变换接口技术

地图投影变换功能是GIS的基础功能,目前各种商用的GIS软件都具备地图投影变换功能,但其完整性、通用性、规范性以及可扩充性都有所不足.为了提高地图投影变换功能软件的通用性及可扩充性,对通用地图投影变换接口技术进行了深入研究,设计并实现了通用地图投影变换接口模块.通过实验测试,本接口模块可以很好地满足用户实际应用需求,具有一定的实用价值.     

大兴安岭幔枝构造与银多金属成矿作用

通过对大兴安岭地区构造演化、区域地质、地球物理、地球化学特征的研究,认为燕山期以来是该区地幔热柱强烈活动时期.最明显的表现是强烈的构造运动和大规模的岩浆活动,最显著的标志是兴蒙地区盆岭构造的形成和大规模的成矿作用.大兴安岭中南段是一较典型的幔枝构造,具有明显的核部岩浆-变质杂岩、外围拆离滑脱层及上叠断陷盆地,是该区重要...     

邢台地震b值的深度变化特征分析

对1966~1984年邢台地震目录进行了整理,应用基于MATLAB的Z-MAP软件分析了地震目录的完整性,将目录划分为地震活跃时段、地震活动过渡时段、地震活动相对稳定时段。主要分析了各时段地震深度b值、沿断层深度剖面扫描b值,根据深度b值变化对邢台地震演化特点进行了分析。     

Seismic random noise attenuation by time-frequency peak filtering based on joint time-frequency distribution

Time-Frequency Peak Filtering (TFPF) is an effective method to eliminate pervasive random noise when seismic signals are analyzed. In conventional TFPF, the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (PWVD) is used for estimating instantaneous frequency (IF), but is sensitive to noise interferences that mask the borderline between signal and noise and detract the energy concentration on the IF curve. This leads to the deviation of the peaks of the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution from the instantaneous frequency, which is the cause of undesirable lateral oscillations as well as of amplitude attenuation of the highly varying seismic signal, and ultimately of the biased seismic signal. With the purpose to overcome greatly these drawbacks and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, we propose in this paper a TFPF refinement that is based upon the joint time-frequency distribution (JTFD). The joint time-frequency distribution is obtained by the combination of the PWVD and smooth PWVD (SPWVD). First we use SPWVD to generate a broad time-frequency area of the signal. Then this area is filtered with a step function to remove some divergent time-frequency points. Finally, the joint time-frequency distribution JTFD is obtained from PWVD weighted by this filtered distribution. The objective pursued with all these operations is to reduce the effects of the interferences and enhance the energy concentration around the IF of the signal in the time-frequency domain. Experiments with synthetic and real seismic data demonstrate that TFPF based on the joint time-frequency distribution can effectively suppress strong random noise and preserve events of interest.     

涠洲岛火山活动空降碎屑的数值模拟

本文应用美国国家气象局提供的1958—1997年全球大气精确的轨道参数和涠洲岛地区风速和风向等数据资料,模拟了火山喷发时空降碎屑的分布情况。结果表明,涠洲岛地区火山喷发形成的空降碎屑分布与喷发时的风速与风向有关,NNW方向的风可使空降碎屑影响到海南省北部地区,SSW方向风可使空降碎屑影响广西东南部和广东西南部的广大地区,1月和7月份喷发时主要影响涠洲岛及周边海域。     

固体介质中弹性波传播机制的细胞自动机有限深势阱模型

分析了采用细胞自动机研究波动问题的建模方法，针对一维、均匀、各向同性固体介质中弹性纵波的微观机制，借用一经典弹簧振子模型、细胞自动机格子气模型，以及量子力学中的无限深势阱模型，建立了一个细胞自动机有限深势阱模型，从量子力学角度出发，基于介观物理和纳米概念，以微观精子的德布罗意假设为基础，利用薛定谔方程，讨论了该模型中粒子（分子组）的振动速度与粒子物质波波速之间的联系，给出了模型中的波动方程，得出ζ＝Vp（ζ为粒子振动速度，Vp为物质波纵波波速）。同时还讨论了模型中粒子的大小和能量传递问题，引入引力场，得出了能量及引力势的量子化条件，另外，对声波速度、格子气粒子振动速度和本文模型中分子组振动速度进行了比较；还对本文模型中的粒子能量分布作了分析。     

Market risk in carbon market: an empirical analysis of the EUA and sCER

The paper uses a capital asset pricing model to analyze the market risk in the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and clean development mechanisms (CDM) and Zipf analysis technology to analyze the carbon price volatility in different expectations of returns in the two markets. The results show that the systematic risk of the EU ETS market is around 0.07 %, but the CDM market is clearly divided into two stages; the systematic risk of the futures contracts in the first stage (DEC09–DEC12) is less than the EU ETS market, but the systematic risk of the futures contracts that enter the market is greater than the EU ETS market and has a higher market sensitivity, although on the unsystematic risk. The CDM market is always greater than the EU ETS market. Abnormal returns in the two carbon markets are both lower than 0.02 %, but CDM is higher. The probability of price down is greater than that of price up. The carbon price is affected by market mechanisms and external factors (economic crisis and environmental policies) in the low expectations of returns. However, in the high expectations of returns, compared with the CDM market, the carbon price change in the EU ETS market is less stable and has higher risks.