加强我国基层血脂管理刻不容缓

心血管疾病是全球最主要的死亡原因.中国心血管疾病患病率及死亡率仍处于上升阶段,推算心血管疾病现患人数3.30亿,其中脑卒中1300万,冠心病1139万;心血管疾病死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,农村为46.66％,城市为43.81％[1].中国心血管疾病负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题.     

空气污染与心率变异性关系的研究进展

心血管疾病是威胁中国居民健康的首要原因,空气污染是影响心血管疾病发生和发展的重要环境危险因素。心率变异性是评价自主神经功能的指标,并且与心血管疾病预后密切相关。研究表明,空气污染可能通过影响心脏自主神经功能而导致心血管疾病的发生,但目前研究结果并不一致。现对国内外空气污染与心率变异性关系的研究现状进行综述。     

细颗粒物暴露对急性冠脉综合征作用机制的研究进展

空气污染对公众健康的影响已成为全球关注的焦点，是全球性的健康问题，细颗粒物(PM_2.5)是环境空气污染物的重要组成部分，已被世界卫生组织确定为对人群健康构成最大威胁的污染物之一。PM_2.5暴露效应及其与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)之间的关联日益受到关注。PM_2.5可通过多种细胞及分子生物学机制而诱导ACS,其中包括全身性炎症反应、氧化应激、内质网应激、线粒体损伤、内皮细胞损伤、自主神经功能障碍等。现对以上几方面进行简要综述，强调空气污染对全球健康问题的相关性，需制定更加严格的标准来减少空气污染所造成的心血管疾病负担，并为进一步研究PM_2.5对健康的影响提供帮助。     

空气污染危害,大于高脂血症和肥胖!四大组织联合声明

“环境与健康”的关系越来越受到关注。近期,中国和全球多个组织均推出了空气污染的相关共识性文件。国家心血管病中心组织心血管病学、内分泌学、环境科学以及流行病学等领域专家,制定了空气污染与心血管疾病专家共识。1月28日,世界心脏联盟(WHF)、美国心脏病学会(ACC)、美国心脏协会(AHA)和欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)联合发表声明警告,各国要做好应对新冠肺炎、空气污染和心血管病对人群的的“三重威胁”的工作。这份声明同步发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》、《美国心脏协会杂志》、《欧洲心脏杂志》和《全球心脏》。     

复方中药防治慢性心力衰竭的发展浅析

<正>美国华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所(IHME)最近公布的调查数据显示,缺血性心脏病已成为全球三大主要死亡原因之一~([1]),据统计~([2])2011年全世界每3人中就有1人死于心血管疾病,即每天超过2 150人死于心血管疾病,可见心血管疾病已经成为威胁人类健康的重大公共卫生问题。慢性心力衰竭作为心血管疾病的终点站,是各种心脏疾病导致心功能不全的一     

奋进"心"时代

心血管疾病是全球范围导致死亡的最主要原因。2021年《中国心血管健康与疾病报告》指出,我国心血管疾病罹患人数超过3.3亿,死亡率居首位。心血管疾病已成为中国居民的首要健康威胁,是当前的重大公共卫生问题。为了充分促进学术交流、引领科技发展,《中华心血管病杂志（网络版）》于2018年应运而生。在中华医学会的坚强领导下,在全...     

空气污染可增加深静脉血栓风险

近年来空气污染对健康的威胁得到越来越多的关注．也有证据显示空气污染与心血管疾病之间存在一定的联系。近日,意大利的研究者则发现了空气污染与深静脉血栓之间的关系。他们发现．空气污染严重的地区．当地人群深静脉血栓的发病风险明显的升高。深静脉血栓是指肢体深部静脉有血栓形成。这是一种有潜在危险的疾病。如果血栓脱落随着血液运行．可导致重要器官栓塞．导致肺栓塞、脑卒中等。     

空气污染可引起高血压

<正> 新的研究表明,吸入受污染的空气后2小时即可引起血压升高,亦可能增加心血管疾病的危险,即可能成为心血管疾病的危险因素之一。虽吸入受污染的空气2小时,对健康人群的影响不会太大,但对原有高血压及心脏病患看可诱发心脏病发作或脑卒中的发作。我国是高血压患者最多的,且受空气污染最严重的国家之一,因此对高血压患者如     

长期接触空气污染与老年女性心血管事件发生风险间关系

[英]/Miller KA…//N Engl JMed.-2007,356(5).-447～458内含细微颗粒的空气污染与心血管疾病罹发风险增高有关,但既往研究仅限于都市空气污染与心血管疾病死亡风险间关系探讨。本文旨在就都市地区老年女性长期接触内含流体力学直径<2.5μm(PM2.5)微粒的空气污染与其心血管事件     

空气污染与慢性肾脏病

<正>空气污染是全球重大健康问题，与多种疾病关联且可导致预期寿命缩短。既往对空气污染与疾病的研究，多集中在心血管系统、呼吸系统与肿瘤等。慢性肾脏病(CKD)是威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一，2020年世界卫生组织(WHO)报告显示，CKD为排行前10位导致死亡的病因。     

Clean Air,Smart Cities,Healthy Hearts: Action on Air Pollution for Cardiovascular Health

More than twenty percent of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths are caused by air pollution — more than three million deaths every year — and these numbers will continue to rise unless the global community takes action. Nine out of ten people worldwide breathe polluted air, which disproportionately affects those living in low-resource settings. The World Heart Federation (WHF) is committed to reducing the impact of air pollution on people’s health and has made this a priority area of its global advocacy efforts. In pursuit of this goal, WHF has formed an Air Pollution Expert Group to inform action on air pollution for CVD health and recommend changes to public health policy. This policy paper lays out the health impacts of air pollution, examines its position on the global policy agenda, demonstrates its relevance to the cardiovascular community, and proposes actionable policy measures to mitigate this deadly risk factor to health. The paper considers the important roles to be played by the Members of WHF, including scientific societies and the physicians that constitute them, heart health foundations, and patient advocacy groups. The paper concludes with a detailed table of recommendations for the various sub-target groups at the global, national, local, and patient level.     

Connections Between Air Pollution,Climate Change,and Cardiovascular Health

Globally, more people die from cardiovascular disease than any other cause. Climate change, through amplified environmental exposures, will promote and contribute to many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Air pollution, too, is responsible for millions of deaths from cardiovascular disease each year. Although they may appear to be independent, interchangeable relationships and bidirectional cause-and-effect arrows between climate change and air pollution can eventually lead to poor cardiovascular health. In this topical review, we show that climate change and air pollution worsen each other, leading to several ecosystem-mediated effects. We highlight how increases in hot climates as a result of climate change have increased the risk of major air pollution events such as severe wildfires and dust storms. In addition, we show how altered atmospheric chemistry and changing patterns of weather conditions can promote the formation and accumulation of air pollutants: a phenomenon known as the climate penalty. We demonstrate these amplified environmental exposures and their associations to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. The community of health professionals—and cardiologists, in particular—cannot afford to overlook the risks that climate change and air pollution bring to the public’s health.     

Outdoor air pollution: counseling and exposure risk reduction

Air pollution is monitored on a daily basis in large population centers in the United States and reported to the general public through a variety of media outlets as the Air Quality Index. This index is based on current national air quality standards for criteria air pollutants established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Patients at increased risk for adverse effects of inhaled air pollutants include those who have been diagnosed with chronic lung disease and cardiovascular disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease, although others may also be at risk during periods of unusually high pollutant levels. These patients should be educated regarding what symptoms may be related to poor air quality and how they can monitor the Air Quality Index to modify their activity to prevent symptoms and other adverse events. Heavy outdoor exertion should be avoided on days expected to have poor air quality, or performed earlier in the day on days when outdoor activity cannot be avoided. We recommend advising patients in clear, strong, personalized language that air pollution is harmful and that persons with cardiopulmonary disease are at elevated risk of experiencing a serious adverse health effect from exposure.     

Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: A position paper

Air pollution is one of the main environmental risk factors for health and is linked to cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide.In this position paper, we discuss the main air pollutants and how they can promote the development of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular events. We also summarise the main evidence supporting the association between air pollution and cardiovascular events, such as coronary events (acute coronary syndromes/myocardial infarction; chronic coronary syndromes), stroke, heart failure and mortality. Some recommendations are made based on these data and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, acknowledging that it is important to increase awareness and literacy on this topic in Portugal.     

Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association

Air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids, and particulate matter. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to both short- and long-term exposure to present-day concentrations of ambient particulate matter. Several plausible mechanistic pathways have been described, including enhanced coagulation/thrombosis, a propensity for arrhythmias, acute arterial vasoconstriction, systemic inflammatory responses, and the chronic promotion of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this statement is to provide healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies with a comprehensive review of the literature on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the implications of these findings in relation to public health and regulatory policies are addressed. Practical recommendations for healthcare providers and their patients are outlined. In the final section, suggestions for future research are made to address a number of remaining scientific questions.     

Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological,biomedical and clinical evidence

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient particulate matter (PM) in air pollution is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic stroke, vascular dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms for PM-caused cardiovascular disease include directly toxicity to cardiovascular system or indirectly injury by inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral circulation. Here, we review the linking between PM exposure and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and discussed the possible underlying mechanisms for the observed PM induced increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

What can individuals do to reduce personal health risks from air pollution?

In many areas of the world, concentrations of ambient air pollutants exceed levels associated with increased risk of acute and chronic health problems. While effective policies to reduce emissions at their sources are clearly preferable, some evidence supports the effectiveness of individual actions to reduce exposure and health risks. Personal exposure to ambient air pollution can be reduced on high air pollution days by staying indoors, reducing outdoor air infiltration to indoors, cleaning indoor air with air filters, and limiting physical exertion, especially outdoors and near air pollution sources. Limited evidence suggests that the use of respirators may be effective in some circumstances. Awareness of air pollution levels is facilitated by a growing number of public air quality alert systems. Avoiding exposure to air pollutants is especially important for susceptible individuals with chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, children, and the elderly. Research on mechanisms underlying the adverse health effects of air pollution have suggested potential pharmaceutical or chemopreventive interventions, such as antioxidant or antithrombotic agents, but in the absence of data on health outcomes, no sound recommendations can be made for primary prevention. Health care providers and their patients should carefully consider individual circumstances related to outdoor and indoor air pollutant exposure levels and susceptibility to those air pollutants when deciding on a course of action to reduce personal exposure and health risks from ambient air pollutants. Careful consideration is especially warranted when interventions may have unintended negative consequences, such as when efforts to avoid exposure to air pollutants lead to reduced physical activity or when there is evidence that dietary supplements, such as antioxidants, have potential adverse health effects. These potential complications of partially effective personal interventions to reduce exposure or risk highlight the primary importance of reducing emissions of air pollutants at their sources.     

Cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution exposure: time course and underlying mechanisms

OBJECTIVE: Air pollution is now recognized as an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be responsible for up to 3?million premature deaths each year worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects are poorly understood but are likely to be multifactorial. Here, we review the acute and chronic effects of air pollution exposure on the cardiovascular system and discuss how these effects may explain the observed increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

Impact of Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Health

Purpose of Review

Air pollution is established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Ambient particulate matter (PM), a principal component of air pollutant, has been considered as a main culprit of the adverse effects of air pollution on human health.

Recent Findings

Extensive epidemiological and toxicological studies have demonstrated particulate air pollution is positively associated with the development of CVDs. Short-term PM exposure can trigger acute cardiovascular events while long-term exposure over years augments cardiovascular risk to an even greater extent and can reduce life expectancy by a few years. Inhalation of PM affects heart rate variability, blood pressure, vascular tone, blood coagulability, and the progression of atherosclerosis. The potential molecular mechanisms of PM-caused CVDs include direct toxicity to the cardiovascular system or indirect injury by inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in circulation.

Summary

This review mainly focuses on the acute and chronic effects of ambient PM exposure on the development of cardiovascular diseases and the possible mechanisms for PM-induced increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Additionally, we summarized some appropriate interventions to attenuate PM air pollution-induced cardiovascular adverse effects, which may promote great benefits to public health.