成都地区50岁以上人群体重指数的分布

目的：了解成都地区50岁以上人群体重指数（BMI）的分布情况，为预防体重过低及肥胖提供依据。方法：采用现况调查对调查人群进行体重与身高的测量，计算BMI（体重指数）进行分析。结果：该地区体重过低、超体重及肥胖的现患率分别为12．93％、20．10％及4．06％。农村的体重过低的患病率为14．37％，高于城市的8．00％，二者差异有显著性（P＜0．001）。城市的超重及肥胖的患病率高于农村（RR值分别为2．80及2．14）。体重过低、超重及肥胖的患病率女性高于男性，差异均有极显著性（P＜0．001），城市及农村中两性间差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。农民的体重过低患病率最高（男14．61％、女20．35％），军人的超重及肥胖的患病率最高（38．71％、6．45％）。结论：成都地区50岁以上人群超重及肥胖的患病率低于国内其他地区。但不能忽视人群超重及肥胖的预防，在农村中还应加强预防体重过低，使体重维持在正常水平以降低相关疾病的发生。     

重庆城区正常体重学生和超重学生的体脂含量比较

【目的】比较重庆市正常体重学生和超重学生的体脂推算值,分析体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和体脂百分比(percent body fat,PBF%)的相互关系,探讨不同肥胖筛查标准的一致性,为国内儿童肥胖判断标准的完善提供线索。【方法】以WHO的身高别体重(WFH)标准筛出超重学生844名,并按1∶2配对选择了正常体重学生1 688名。通过测量学生的身高、体重、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度,计算BMI,并推算PBF。【结果】1)7~18岁每个年龄段的超重男生和女生的BMI均值和PBF中位数均分别显著高于同龄正常体重的男生和女生的对应值(P均0.001);2)PBF与BMI的偏相关系数r为0.397(P0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示:PBF与性别(男=1,女=2)、BMI正相关,与是否超重(超重=1,正常=2)、年龄负相关(R2=0.578,P0.001);3)与中国肥胖工作组WGOC公布的BMI切点标准相比,协作组推荐的PBF判断标准的特异度为83.0%,灵敏度为82.9%。【结论】重庆城区超重学生和正常学生的脂肪推算值差异显著。PBF受多种因素影响,与BMI呈低度相关。直接测量学生的体内脂肪,建立本国的PBF筛查标准,联合BMI切点标准可能更有利于学生肥胖的准确诊断。     

大连市儿童青少年体重指数分布状况

目的探讨大连市儿童青少年体重指数的分布特征,为预防儿童青少年的超重、肥胖提供相关依据。方法整群抽取大连市区1635名儿童青少年进行身高和体重测量。按照中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）推荐的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准”诊断超重与肥胖。结果大连市儿童青少年体重指数随着年龄的增加而增加,年龄越大BMI值越大;男生不同年龄、女生不同年龄BMI值之间差异有统计学意义;对同一年龄不同性别儿童青少年BMI值进行Z检验,结果表明除7岁、9岁年龄组外,其他年龄段男女生BMI值之间差异均有统计学意义,且男生BMI值均高于女生;不同年龄男生肥胖率变化趋势无明显的规律性,女生肥胖率在9岁后逐年下降,而超重率在10岁后却逐年上升。结论应重视儿童青少年超重、肥胖的预防工作。     

青年学生体重指数与其父母体重指数的关系

目的 探讨青年学生体重指数与其父母体重指数的关系,进一步了解遗传和环境因素在超重和肥胖流行中的作用,希望能为超重和肥胖的预防提供一定的指导。方法 按照中国肥胖问题工作组对中国成人体重指数(BMI)分类标准进行分组,即低BMI组(BMI<18.5),正常BMI组(BMI为18.5～23.9),超重组(BMI为24.0～27.9)和肥胖组(BMI≥28.0)。统计了505名青年学生和993名父母的BMI结果 男女学生超重肥胖者,其父母中单方也患有超重肥胖的比率从20.0％到50.0％,父母双方均患有超重肥胖的比率从6.7％到10.0％ 青年学生与其父母相比,超重肥胖率有显著性差异,女学生父母明显高于女学生,P<0.01;男学生父母也明显高于男学生,P分别小于0.01和0.05。在BMI<18.5组中,女学生明显高于父母,男学生高于其父亲,P<0.01。男女学生的父母亲比较,以及城乡比较,超重率和肥胖率无显著性差异。结论 男女学生超重肥胖者,其父母中单方也患有超重肥胖的比率平均约为30.0%,父母双方均患有超重肥胖的比率平均约为8.0%,从而证明超重和肥胖与遗传有关。但从超重和肥胖的现患率男女学生的父母亲明显高于男女学生这一事实,其差异的显著性表明,环境等因素在超重和肥胖形成中的作用可能更重要,因此,大多数超重和肥胖是可预防的。     

温州市中老年人体重指数的分布及高血压的关系

目的　了解温州市区中老年人群体重指数 (BMI)的分布情况及与高血压的关系。　方法　抽样调查男性 60岁以上 ,女性 5 5岁以上的中老年人 15 5 0人 ,测量体重和身高 ,计算BMI ,并测量血压和调查高血压的患病情况。　结果　被调查人群中体重正常占 47.87% ,超重占 3 7.2 9% ,肥胖占 10 .3 9% ,并发现高血压的患病率明显地随体重指数的增加而升高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。被调查人群中 65～ 70岁 ,70～ 75岁两个年龄段的老年人超重和肥胖的发生率最高 ,合计达49.72 %和 49.5 4%。　结论　温州市区人群的超重和肥胖发生率并不低于北方某些地区 ,已成为危害老年人健康的一个重要的公共卫生问题 ,应引起广泛重视。     

徐州市0~7岁儿童身高、体重与体质指数研究

目的:对比世界通用的一些标准,建立徐州市0~7岁儿童年龄别身高(HFA)、年龄别体重(WFA)及年龄别体质指数(BM I)百分位标准及体质指数超重和肥胖界值点。方法:①采用分层整群随机抽样法,收集徐州市0~7岁儿童11 747例的性别、出生年月及2002~2004年身高和体重测量资料。②应用LMS方法建立徐州市0~7岁儿童HFA、WFA和BM I百分位曲线。结果:①运用LMS软件,分别获得0~7岁男女童HFA、WFA和BM I百分位曲线各9条,为P3、P5、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P95和P97。②徐州市男女童的身高随年龄不断增加,男童到6岁以后逐渐减缓,女童5岁后逐渐减缓。徐州市男女童的身高在7岁之前均大于WHO标准。③徐州市男女童的体重随年龄不断增加,到6岁以后均逐渐减缓。徐州市男女童体重7岁之前均高于WHO标准。④根据国际肥胖工作小组制定的7岁男女儿童肥胖和超重界值点,徐州市男女童7岁时通过该界值点的BM I百分位分别为:男童第72.6和第92.6,女童第82.1和第96.5。7岁男女童的超重流行率分别为27.4%和17.9%,肥胖流行率分别为7.4%和3.5%,在性别上存在差异。结论:应用LMS软件,获得了徐州市0~7岁儿童身高、体重和BM I百分位参考值。     

烟台市0～7岁儿童身高、体重和体质指数的探讨

目的:建立烟台市0~7岁青少年儿童年龄别身高(HFA)、年龄别体重(WFA)及年龄别体质指数(BMl)百分位标准及体质指数。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样法,收集烟台市0~7岁11747例儿童(男6261例,女5486例)、出生年月及2003~2005年身高和体重测量资料。应用LMS方法建立烟台市0~7岁儿童HFA、WFA和BMI百分位曲线。结果:运用LMS软件,分别获得0~7岁男女WFA、HFA和BMI百分位曲线各9条,为P3、P5、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P95和P97。烟台市男、女儿童的身高、体重随年龄增长不断增加,男、女儿童各年龄段P50年龄别身高百分位值与WHOP50比较无显著性差异。男童0~5岁的体重略高于WHO标准,但差距不大,5岁以后明显高于WHO;女孩在0~5岁与WHO标准基本接近。结论:应用LMS软件,获得了烟台市0~7岁儿童身高、体重和BMI百分位参考值。     

辽宁地区居民体重指数、腰围与血压关系的研究

目的探讨辽宁地区居民体重指数、腰围与血压值、高血压患病率的关系。方法按照多阶段整群随机抽样方法,对辽宁地区15岁及以上居民的血压、身高、体重、腰围等指标进行流行病学统计分析。结果体重指数(kg/m2)<18.5,18.5~23.9,24~27.9,≥28,血压均值分别为116.4/73.9mmHg、122.0/76.5mmHg、130.5/81.4mmHg、138.4/85.9mmHg,高血压患病率分别为13.6%、20.4%、35.2%和53.9%;腰围从正常到腹部肥胖,血压均值从121.7/76.6mmHg上升到133.6/82.9mmHg,高血压患病率从19.8%上升到42.8%。当体重指数≥24(kg/m2)或腰围进入腹部肥胖时,血压值、高血压患病率明显增加。经多元线性回归分析,血压值与体重指数和腰围呈正相关,而且腰围对血压均值的影响大于体重指数对血压的影响;Logistic回归分析显示,超重、肥胖和腹部肥胖与正常组相比发生高血压的相对危险性增加1.5、2.6和2.0倍。结论超重和肥胖是高血压的两个危险因素,保持理想的体重和腰围对控制高血压的发生起着决定性作用。     

四川省20～69岁人群BMI及体重超重、肥胖流行现状

目的 研究四川省20～69岁人群BMI时间纵向变化,分析体重超重、肥胖流行现状.方法 取2000年和2010年四川省国民体质监测中成年、老年84 838人的BMI指数进行分类统计.结果 2010年BMI的均值在全体、男子、女子上高于2000年均值,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.01);2000年和2010年男子BMI均值高于女子均值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).BMI分类统计,男子超重、肥胖比例2010年为33.77％、7.31％,比2000年增长5.24％、2.3％;女子超重、肥胖比例2010年为26.39％、6.82％,比2000年增长0.57％、1.3％.按2010年人口基数推算,样本人群体重超重者达到1 746万人,年增长16万人,肥胖者达到409万人,年增长10万人.结论 四川地区已进入体重超重和肥胖的突增阶段,应采取切实有力的肥胖防治措施.     

1991—2000年中国省会市学生身高标准体重分布状况分析

目的：分析1991－2000年期间中国省会市学生的营养状况分布。方法：利用1985年制定的身高标准体重，分别从1991年和2000年全国学生体质健康调研7－22岁学生中筛查中重度营养不良、轻度营养不良、较低体重、正常体重、超重和肥胖等6种营养状态，对其检出率进行比较。结果：近9年来我国省会城市学生营养状况显改善。改善幅度为城区大于乡村，男生大于女生。城乡男女肥胖和超重检出主均成倍上升；城区小学和初中学生的肥胖率，分别达到（男）13％和（女）8％。同时，仍有相当部分营养不良和较低体重存在。中国省会城市学生的营养状况，正在出现两极分化趋势。结论：今后的学生营养工作，应防治营养不良和肥胖并举，全面推行以学校为中心的全民营养教育。     

天津市某高校新生身高体重和肥胖状况调查

目的 了解天津市新入学大学生身高、体重和肥胖发病情况,为预防保健工作提供依据.方法 抽取天津市某大学2006年新人学的4 114名本科大学生,进行医学体格检查.结果 天津市某大学男、女新生平均体重分别为(62.53±12.82)和(57.53±11.33)kg,平均身高分别为(171.35±7.40)和(166.41±8.15)cm,平均BMl分别为(21.20±3.53)和(20.67±3.01)ks/m2,三者男生均高于女生.新牛超重检出率为10.4%,肥胖检出率为4.4%,合计为14.8%,其中男生为16.7%,女生为12.2%,男生显著高于女生(χ2=15.799,P=0.000).结论 肥胖已成为影响大学生身心全面发展的重要因素之一.应加强健康教育,增强自我保健意识.     

Receiver-operating characteristic analyses of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio for obesity: Screening in young adults in central south of China

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent data suggest that current obesity diagnostic criterion based on body mass index (BMI) above 30 in Caucasians may not be appropriate for Asian populations. Our aim was to identify the usefulness of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in screening for obesity in an Asian population. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 1109 males and 879 females aged 20-45-yr were recruited. Height, weight, WC, hip circumference and percentage body fat (PBF) were measured in all subjects. Then receiver-operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the performances of the three anthropometric indices. RESULTS: BMI, WC and WHR showed strong positive correlation with PBF (r=0.47-0.75) in both males and females within both age groups. True-positive rates ranged from 82.4% to 94.1% and 68.8% to 86.3% in males and females, respectively. True-negative rates ranged from 64.1% to 84.7% and from 56.9% to 79.0%, respectively. The areas under the curves (AUCs) for WC and BMI were high (0.76-0.92) in both sexes and divided age groups (20-30-yr and 31-45-yr), and those for WHR were a little lower (0.74-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: BMI and WC are two important predictors for obesity in Chinese, and WHR is an alternative.     

Future predictions of body mass index and overweight prevalence in Australia, 2005-2025

To predict current and future body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adults based on sex, age and year of birth (cohort). These predictions are needed for population health planning and evaluation. Data were drawn from 11 cross-sectional national or state population surveys conducted in Australia between 1969 and 2004. These included representative population samples of children (n= 27,635) and adults (n= 43,447) aged 5 years or older with measured height and weight data. Multiple linear regression analyses of measured log-transformed BMI data were conducted to determine the independent effects of age and year of birth (cohort) on ln(BMI) for males and females, respectively. Regression coefficients for cohort obtained from these analyses were applied to the National Nutrition Survey 1995 data set to predict mean BMI and prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) in 2005, 2015 and 2025. Based on past trends, BMI is predicted to continue to increase for both males and females and across the age span. This would result in increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity of between 0.4 and 0.8% per year, such that by 2025 around one-third of 5-19 year olds will be overweight or obese as will 83% of males and 75% of females aged 20 years and over. The increases in prevalence and mean BMI predicted in this study will have significant impacts on disease burden, healthcare costs and need for prevention and treatment programmes.     

How accurately are height, weight and leg length reported by the elderly, and how closely are they related to measurements recorded in childhood?

BACKGROUND: This paper examines (1) the accuracy of self-reported height, leg length and weight in a group of subjects aged 56-78; (2) whether recent measurement of height and weight influences the accuracy of self-reporting and (3) associations between childhood and adult height, leg length and BMI measured in old age. METHODS: All 3182 surviving members of the Boyd Orr cohort were sent postal questionnaires in 1997-1998 and a sub-sample (294) was also clinically examined. RESULTS: Self-reported height was overestimated and body mass index (BMI), based on reported height and weight, underestimated. The mean difference between self-report and measured values were for height: 2.1 cm in males and 1.7 cm in females; for BMI the difference was -1.3 kg/m(2) in males and -1.2 kg/m(2) in females. Shorter individuals and older subjects tended to over-report their height more than others. The overweight under-reported their weight to a greater extent. Recent measurement appeared to decrease over-reporting of height but not weight. Correlations between self-report and measured height and BMI were generally over 0.90, but weaker for leg length (r = 0.70 in males and 0.71 in females). Adult height and leg length were quite closely related to their relative values in childhood (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.84), but associations between adult and childhood BMI were weak (r = 0.19 in males and 0.21 in females). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported measures of height and weight may be used in studies of the elderly although systematic reporting errors may bias effect estimates. As overweight individuals tend to under-report and the short and underweight tend to over-report, studies investigating associations of disease with height and weight using self-reported measures will underestimate effects. The weak associations between childhood and adult BMI indicate that associations between childhood adiposity and adult cardiovascular disease found in this cohort may reflect the specific effect of childhood overweight, rather than its persistence into adulthood. This suggests that avoidance of adiposity may be as important in childhood as in adulthood.     

某高校教职工脂肪肝与体重指数、年龄、性别的相关性分析

[目的]应用描述性流行病学方法对教职工脂肪肝与体重指数、年龄、性别之间是否存在相关性进行分析。[方法]入选1 876名教职工,男921人,女955人。做腹部B超检查,测量身高体重,应用脂肪肝的超声诊断标准与体重指数(BMI)判断样本人群脂肪肝与体重指数、年龄、性别间的关系。[结果]随着体重指数增加,脂肪肝患病率增加,两者有相关性(r=0.996)。样本人群中脂肪肝分布男性明显高于女性,应用卡方检验,差异有统计学意义;脂肪肝患病率随年龄增长而增加,50～59岁年龄组患病率最高。[结论]控制体重可以有效降低脂肪肝患病率。     

Validity of self-reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Australia

Background : Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. Methods : We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ≥45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population‐based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. Results : On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75–1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26–0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (–1.99– ‐1.36) and 1.02kg (–1.24– ‐0.80); and BMI based on self‐reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (–1.09– ‐0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (–0.75– ‐0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self‐reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p<0.001). While there was excellent agreement between BMI categories from self‐reported and measured data (kappa=0.80), obesity prevalence was underestimated. Findings did not differ substantially between middle‐aged and elderly participants. Conclusions : Self‐reported data on height and weight quantify body size appropriately in middle‐aged and elderly individuals for relative measures, such as quantiles of BMI. However, caution is necessary when reporting on absolute BMI and standard BMI categories, based on self‐reported data, particularly since use of such data is likely to result in underestimation of the prevalence of obesity.     

Abdominal obesity and endometrial cancer in egyptian females with postmenopausal bleeding

Endometrial cancer is the most common type of female genital tract malignancies. We intended to assess the relation between different measures of obesity and the risk to develop endometrial cancer in Egyptian females with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). The study was conducted in Alexandria, Egypt and included all postmenopausal females presenting to the University Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics with PMB within the study period (from January 1 to September 30). A questionnaire was completed, and data about anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and waist circumference were collected. Vaginal sonography, dilatation and curettage, and pathological examination were done by experts for all participants. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in 38% of females presenting with PMB. Using ROC curve analysis, only the measure of abdominal obesity (waist circumference) showed significant accuracy in predicting endometrial cancer (area = 0.63, P < .05). The best cutoff point that maximizes accuracy was 88 cm. Body mass index (≥30 vs. ≤30) showed no significant relation (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 0.5-2.3), and the ratio between upper and lower body obesity (W/H ratio) showed border line significant relation (OR = 2, 95% CI 1-4.1), whereas waist circumference (≥88 vs. ≤88 cm) showed strikingly high OR (OR = 13.6, 95%CI 4-46.6). The risk of abdominal obesity on endometrial cancer remains very high (OR = 15.8, 95%CI 4.1-60.9) even after adjustment, in a logistic model, for other risk factors such as age at presentation, age at menarche, age at menopause, family history of malignancy, and gravidity. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference >88 cm) is the best measure of obesity to be used in predicting the risk of endometrial cancer in Egyptian females with PMB.     

A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals

A predictive equation for resting energy expenditure (REE) was derived from data from 498 healthy subjects, including females (n = 247) and males (n = 251), aged 19-78 y (45 +/- 14 y, mean +/- SD). Normal-weight (n = 264) and obese (n = 234) individuals were studied and REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Multiple-regression analyses were employed to drive relationships between REE and weight, height, and age for both men and women (R2 = 0.71): REE = 9.99 x weight + 6.25 x height - 4.92 x age + 166 x sex (males, 1; females, 0) - 161. Simplification of this formula and separation by sex did not affect its predictive value: REE (males) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) + 5; REE (females) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) - 161. The inclusion of relative body weight and body-weight distribution did not significantly improve the predictive value of these equations. The Harris-Benedict Equations derived in 1919 overestimated measured REE by 5% (p less than 0.01). Fat-free mass (FFM) was the best single predictor of REE (R2 = 0.64): REE = 19.7 x FFM + 413. Weight also was closely correlated with REE (R2 = 0.56): REE = 15.1 x weight + 371.     

Assessment of the nutritional status of children with special needs in Alexandria. Part II: Anthropometric measures

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional status of children with special needs in Alexandria city, on the basis of anthropometric measures. The following variables were determined in a sample of 278 disabled children (171 males, 107 females) aged 6 to 24 years, recruited from five specialized day care centers for retarded children in Alexandria: birth order, type of disability, socioeconomic status, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin level. Mentally retarded children represent the highest proportion of subjects followed by Down's syndrome and autism. There is an increase in the mean body weight of males with the increase in age among the three type of disability except at age from 14 to 18 years, while there is a fluctuation in the mean body weight between ages and disability among females. Down syndrome groups at all ages are shorter than the other groups, while disabled males are taller than females at all ages. Based on BMI for age, the incidence of obesity was higher among Down's syndrome and mentally retarded females and among autistic males (19.8%, 16.1% of males versus 15.8%, 6.7% of females with mental retardation and autism were underweight). Majority of subjects have mild degree anemia. Hemoglobin levels below the cut-off levels issued by WHO were found higher among autistic and mentally retarded females. The levels were comparable among males with autism and mental retardation and among Down's syndrome males and females. The results also revealed that underweight, overweight and obesity were more common in subjects who showed an evidence of anemia.     

Height-related changes in body mass index: a reappraisal

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and height in 20-22 year-old patients. METHODS: A research questionnaire filled by a representative sample of military personnel upon discharge from service was analyzed. At the same time, weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated (BMI = weight (Kg)/height(2)(m(2))). RESULTS: There were 35,951 participants in the study, including 16204 females and 19747 males. There was a positive correlation between BMI and height in men (regression slope = 0.00717, r = 0.015, p = 0.03), while the correlation was negative in women (regression slope = -0.02811, r = -0.05, p < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, when BMI was used as the dependent variable and height, gender, ethnic origin, smoking, oral contraceptive use, and level of recreational exercise as the independent variables, only height, gender, and ethnic origin remained significant in the final analysis (R-square 0.0205, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In young adults, BMI is affected in a subtle, but opposite manner in males and females. In males, BMI increases with increasing height, while in females, BMI decreases with increasing height.