Ru-Cu/Fe_3O_4-TiO_2催化剂上甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇的研究

以生物柴油生产过程中副产的甘油为原料,通过催化氢解制备1,2-丙二醇是增长生物柴油产业链、提高其经济效益的有效途径。采用浸渍法制备了双金属磁性催化剂Ru-Cu/Fe_3O_4-TiO_2,利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、N_2吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Ru/Cu摩尔比、反应温度、H_2压力、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,Ru-Cu/Fe_3O_4-TiO_2双金属催化剂具有很高的催化活性和良好的1,2-丙二醇选择性。Cu的加入没有明显改变Ru的化学环境,但有效地提高了1,2-丙二醇的选择性,同时Ru可改善Cu在钛铁复合载体上的分散性,从而获得了平均金属粒径在5~9 nm左右的催化剂。在Ru/Cu摩尔比1∶1.6、反应温度200℃、H_2压力4.0 MPa、反应时间10 h的条件下,甘油转化率和1,2-丙二醇的选择性分别高达96.12%和86.77%。反应后产物与催化剂可有效实现磁性分离,为该过程的工业化应用奠定了基础。     

Ru/TiO2催化剂上甘油氢解制1,2-丙二醇

采用浸渍法制备了负载型Ru/TiO2催化剂,利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜、N2吸附和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了反应温度、H2压力、甘油溶液浓度、催化剂用量和碱性添加物等因素对Ru/TiO2上甘油氢解反应性能的影响.结果表明,在170℃和3MPa的温和反应条件下,以...     

Ru助剂对Co/SiO2催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响

 考察了 Ru 助剂 (0.17%?9.96%) 对 Co/SiO2 催化剂结构及其费托合成反应性能的影响. 结果表明, Ru 助剂可降低 Co/SiO2 催化剂的还原温度, 从而提高其还原度. 光电子能谱和扩展 X 吸收射线精细结构研究表明, 即使 Ru 含量高达 9.96%, 在 Co/SiO2 催化剂焙烧过程中也未观察到 Ru 物种与 Co 物种作用形成的化合物. 还原后催化剂中 Ru 趋向于与 Co 物种紧密接触且分散在催化剂表面. H2 程序升温脱附结果表明, 随着 Ru 含量的增加, 位于反应温度附近的 H2 脱附峰面积增加, 即此时催化剂吸附 H2 能力提高, 因此反应活性单调增加, 但存在最佳 Ru 含量, 此时 C5+选择性最高.     

对苯二酚催化加氢制备1,4-环己二醇的研究

对Pt/C、Pd/C、Ru/C、Rh/C和Raney Ni几种催化剂,以及以钌为活性组分的催化剂载体如活性碳、SiO2、Al-MCM-41、ZSM-5、MgO、TiO2在对苯二酚加氢反应中的催化活性进行了比较.结果表明Ru/C催化剂的催化活性和对目的产物的选择性最好.对Ru/C催化剂催化对苯二酚加氢反应的反应条件如反应温度,氢气压力,反应溶剂,反应时间等对反应转化率和产物选择性的影响进行了讨论.反应的适宜条件为:反应物和催化剂的物质量比为367∶1,温度为150℃、氢气压力5 MPa,乙醇为溶剂,反应时间2 h.在此反应条件下,对苯二酚的转化率为98.8%,目的产物1,4-环己二醇的选择性为77.7%.并根据产物随时间的变化规律对该反应路径进行了分析.     

对硝基邻苯二乙醚合成技术研究

以邻苯二酚与溴乙烷为原料、聚乙二醇为相转移催化剂合成邻苯二乙醚,再经过冰醋酸和硝酸硝化得到对硝基邻苯二乙醚。研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比和催化剂用量等对反应收率的影响,获得了合成邻苯二乙醚的优化工艺条件:n(C6H4(OH)2)∶n(NaO H)∶n(C2H5Br)=1∶2.6∶2.4,反应温度80℃,反应时间4h,催化剂用量2g,该反应条件下邻苯二乙醚平均收率88%。混酸硝化条件下合成对硝基邻苯二乙醚的较佳工艺条件为n(C10H14O2)∶n(HNO3)=1∶1.2,乙酸25mL,反应时间30min,反应温度20℃,该反应条件下对硝基邻苯二乙醚平均收率为99%。     

高分散 Ru/MMT 催化剂的制备及其催化喹啉加氢性能

 通过简单的离子交换法制备出高分散的蒙脱土 (MMT) 负载 Ru 催化剂, 采用 X 射线衍射、X 射线光电子能谱、程序升温还原和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 金属 Ru 在蒙脱土层间高度分散, Ru 的平均粒径约 2 nm. 在喹啉加氢反应中, 该催化剂显示出很高的反应活性和选择性. 在 2 MPa 和 60 °C 的温和条件下, 以水为溶剂时, Ru/MMT 催化喹啉加氢生成 1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的选择性高于 96.4%, 喹啉转化率达 99.2%. 当温度升高到 140 °C、压力增加到 3 MPa 时, 不需要补加催化剂就可以将喹啉一步加氢生成十氢喹啉, 选择性高达 98.1%.     

Pd-Cu/Fe_3O_4@C催化1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢的研究

1,4-丁烯二醇是一种高经济价值的精细化学品,1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢是制备1,4-丁烯二醇的有效途径。本文采用浸渍法制备了双金属磁性催化剂Pd-Cu/Fe_3O_4@C,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Pd/Cu物质的量比、反应温度、H2压力、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,在Pd/Cu物质的量之比1∶1、催化剂/底物为1∶90000、反应温度为50℃、H_2压力为4MPa、时间为25min的条件下,1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢的转化率和选择性分别达到了95.2%和98.3%。该催化剂不仅具有高催化活性和选择性,而且易与反应产物实现磁性分离,为该过程的工业化应用奠定了基础。     

改性铝土矿载体负载Ru催化剂上的水煤气变换制氢

采用水热法对天然铝土矿进行改性,获得高比表面积的铝土矿(bauxite)载体.用等体积浸渍法制备了Ru含量为1.0%-4.0%(质量分数,下同)的Ru/bauxite催化剂和Ru含量为2.0%的Ru/Al2O3催化剂,以水煤气变换反应为探针反应,考察了催化剂性能.利用X射线荧光元素分析(XRF)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、低温N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)以及CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)等对载体和催化剂样品进行表征.结果表明,不同Ru含量的Ru/bauxite催化剂具有优异的水煤气变换制氢性能,优于Ru/Al2O3催化剂.其原因是铝土矿本身含有的Fe2O3与负载的Ru之间发生了相互作用,降低了Fe2O3还原温度,提高了对CO的吸附能力且降低了CO的脱附温度,进而提高了催化剂的水煤气变换反应性能.     

环氧环戊烷的无溶剂合成工艺

以聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯接枝磷钨酸季铵盐为三相相转移催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,KCl为助催化剂,研究了环戊烯(CPE)合成环氧环戊烷(CPEO)的无溶剂工艺。 讨论了催化剂和助催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、环戊烯与H2O2摩尔比对反应的影响。 确定了无溶剂环氧环戊烷合成反应的条件为(以0.056 mol H2O2计)：催化剂1.0 g、助催化剂0.025 g、反应温度40 ℃、反应时间5 h、n(CPE)∶n(H2O2)=2.1∶1.0。 CPEO的平均收率约为96%。 催化剂回收重复使用6次活性无明显降低。     

Ru/ZrO_2·xH_2O催化二氟乙酸甲酯加氢制备2,2-二氟乙醇

采用共沉淀法制备Ru/ZrO2·xH2O,以Ru/ZrO2·xH2O作为催化剂催化液相中二氟乙酸甲酯(CF2HCOOCH3)加氢制备2,2-二氟乙醇(CF2HCH2OH),并且对反应前后催化剂进行了XRD表征,考察了溶剂、搅拌速度、时间、压力和温度对加氢反应的影响。实验结果表明,在以水为溶剂、搅拌速度1000 r/min、反应时间5 h、压力2.8 MPa、温度140℃条件下,CF2HCOOCH3的转化率为100%,CF2HCH2OH的收率达到51%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.