应用近红外光谱分析技术快速分析饲料质量

以饲料质量分析为例,综述了近红外光谱分析技术及仪器的发展、回归校正技术及在快速分析饲料质量中的应用,引用文献２５篇     

质量控制图的原理和方法及在仪器分析中的应用

结合全面质量管理中控制图统计方法和数理统计中最小概率事件原理,探讨了质量控制图的原理、方法、分析和实现过程以及在仪器分析中的应用。     

仪器分析检测过程中的质量控制

介绍了仪器分析检测过程中影响质量的因素及如何进行质量控制。     

硅酸铝耐火材料成分的仪器分析方法进展

对1990-2007年期间仪器分析方法包括分光光度法、AAS、ICP-AES及XRFS在硅酸铝耐火材料成分分析中的应用进展情况作了综述.根据耐火材料分析中仪器分析方法标准化的现状,作者提出了对这一主题的标准化工作的建议(引述文献68篇).     

化学计量学在过程分析中的应用及进展

评述了化学计量学方法在生产过程分析中各个方面 ,如过程优化、过程模拟、仪器及仪器校正、过程监测等方面的应用 ,并展望了化学计量学在过程分析中的应用前景     

现代仪器分析技术在纺织品及皮革分析中的应用

现代分析技术以仪器分析为主,大量先进的现代仪器分析技术已经广泛地应用于纺织品及皮革分析。介绍了气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（LC）、色谱质谱联用（GC-MS、LC-MS）、原子吸收（AAS）、电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP-OES）等现代仪器分析技术在纺织品及皮革分析中的研究进展与应用。     

现代仪器分析技术在中药炮制机理研究中的应用

现代分析技术以仪器分析为主,大量先进的现代仪器分析技术已经较广泛地应用于中药炮制机理研究领域,对阐明中药炮制的机理,提高中药饮片的质量控制水平起了很大的推动作用.本文对多种现代仪器分析技术进行介绍,并对其在中药炮制机理研究中的应用现状作一综述.     

化学计量学在过程分析中应用及进展

评述了化学计量学方法在生产过程分析中各个方面，如过程优化、过程模拟、仪器及仪器校正、过程监测等方面的应用，并展望了化学计量学在过程分析中的应用前景。     

浅谈仪器分析实验教学的实践和体会

为帮助学生深刻领会仪器分析理论基础知识,高效掌握有关实验内容,培养学生动手能力、观察能力和团队协作精神,增强实验教学效果,我们以紫外-可见分光光度法及荧光分光光度法实验教学为例,进行了一段时间的摸索。通过调整教学内容、强化理论知识与实验联系、归纳仪器操作步骤、注重细节培养等措施,提高了仪器分析实验教学质量,取得了较好的效果。学生完成基础实验后,能自由运用所学知识,独立设计实验方案,获得所需实验结果。     

讨论式教学在仪器分析课程中的实践探索

为提高课堂教学质量,发挥专业课程育人功能,基于仪器分析课程特点,尝试探索小组讨论式教学在仪器分析课程中的教学实践。从课程简介、教学设计、教学过程、教学评价等方面对讨论式教学进行总结,为化学专业课堂教学探索提供借鉴。     

Quality control techniques for chemical analysis: some current shortcomings and possible future developments

Current approaches to quality control in chemical analysis are examined. Issues that frequently cause problems are proposed. Future developments relating to ways in which the incidence of mistakes might be reduced are discussed as possible supplements to more well-established quality control measures.     

Quality assurance in analytical measurement

 The peculiarities of analytical measurement require to check characteristics of the error (its components) of the obtained analysis results to assure the quality of the measurements. This article deals with the various quality assurance procedures and algorithms which are used to check the quality indices, i.e. the accuracy, reproducibility, certainty and repeatability of analytical measurements: These procedures include: laboratory rapid control; Intra-laboratory statistical control (statistical selection control by alternative attribute, statistical selection control by quantity method of periodic check of the analysis procedure for conformity to the specified requirements) and external control (inter-laboratory control checks, inter-laboratory comparison tests, and intra-laboratory control algorithms carried out by the appropriate supervisory body.) in the separately taken laboratory. The respective algorithms, control plans and control requirements, specified according to the different control aims and assurance tasks, enable the quality and certianty of analytical information obtained in laboratories in Russia to be assured. Received: 9 November 1998 / Accepted: 24 November 1998     

A quality systems approach for identifying and controlling sources of error with point of care testing devices

Historically, due to the size and nature of the instrumentation, highly skilled laboratory professionals performed clinical testing in centralized laboratories. Today’s clinicians demand realtime test data at the point of care. This has led to a new generation of compact, portable instruments permitting ”laboratory” testing to be performed at or near the patient’s bedside by nonlaboratory workers who are unfamiliar with testing practices. Poorly controlled testing processes leading to poor quality test results are an insidious problem facing point of care testing today. Manufacturers are addressing this issue through instrument design. Providers of clinical test results, regardless of location, working with manufacturers and regulators must create and manage complete test systems that eliminate or minimize sources of error. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) in its EP18 guideline, ”Quality management for unit-use testing,” has developed a quality management system approach specifically for test devices used for point of care testing (POCT). Simply stated, EP18 utilizes a ”sources of error” matrix to identify and address potential errors that can impact the test result. The key is the quality systems approach where all stakeholders – professionals, manufacturers and regulators – collaboratively seek ways to manage errors and ensure quality. We illustrate the use of one quality systems approach, EP18, as a means to advance the quality of test results at point of care. Received: 26 June, 2002 Accepted: 17 July 2002 Presented at the European Conference on Quality in the Spotlight in Medical Laboratories, 7–9 October 2001, Antwerp, Belgium Abbreviations NCCLS National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (formerly) · POCT point of care testing · QC quality control · HACCP hazard analysis critical control points · CLIA clinical laboratory improvement amendments (of 1988) Correspondence to S. S. Ehrmeyer     

Hasse diagram technique as a tool for water quality assessment

The management of the quality large water catchments is a complex problem which requires intelligent data analysis on various levels – analytical, spatial, and temporal. Recently, a successful approach is developed combining advanced multivariate data treatment approaches like self-organizing maps of Kohonen (SOM) and Hasse diagram technique (HDT). In the first step of the environmetric analysis the monitoring data were subject to pre-processing using SOMs to reduce the number of objects and/or water quality parameters. In the next step HDT for partial ranking (both in spatial and temporal aspect) was applied according to the pre-selected set of the water quality parameters. The use of the water quality norms issued by the Bulgarian environmental authorities revealed important details in assessing the Maritsa River water quality. Thus, the relations between different water quality patterns and sampling stations could be used by water management authorities during the period of observation.     

Simple quality assessment approach for herbal extracts using high performance liquid chromatography-UV based metabolomics platform

A lack of adequate or accepted research methodology has been a major obstacle to study herbal medicines. In this study, instead of the prevalent hyphenated chromatographies, common high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) and multivariate statistical analysis were utilized to assess the qualities of total flavones of sea buckthorn (TFS), an 85% ethanol extract of the sea buckthorn berries. Two complementary HPLC-UV methods were developed, validated and combined to comprehensively determine the ingredients in TFS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the combined analytical data showed that the six batches of TFS could be well differentiated. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) using Ward's minimum variance method of the PLS-DA loading matrix demonstrated the known ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) and three unknown ingredients in TFS significantly contributed to the quality differences. A PLS regression model indicated that the results of the present method correlated well with the content of total flavones, which is now the quality control approach of TFS. Results from this study indicated that the proposed method is reliable for the quality reassessment of some widely used herbal extracts.     

钾盐矿床中含石膏盐分析方法的研究

由于现行标准《岩石矿物分析规程》(DZG93-08)对含石膏钾盐样品分析方法的叙述较为粗略,同时没有国家一级有证标准物质进行质量监控,因此在测定含石膏钾盐样品时较为困难。本文讨论了溶矿温度、称样量、以及放置时间对含石膏钾盐样品溶解的影响。得出在称样量为0.5000g,水温80℃,放置时间为24小时,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定,以样品中各组分百分数加和、溶液中元素阴阳离子平衡以及加标回收实验进行数据质量监控。测试数据符合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》对钾盐样品分析质量的要求。     

Chemometric analysis of the water purification process data

The aim of this work was to show usefulness of chemometric analysis in processing of the data describing production of drinking water in the Silesian region of Poland. Water samples have been collected within the period of 1 year and the quality of water was characterized by a number of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and STATIS (Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique) were employed to obtain the knowledge about the complete water treatment process. PCA makes it possible to uncover seasonal changes influencing the water treatment process. In particular, it was found out that the salt content, hardness and conductivity of water tend to obtain higher levels in winter rather than in summer, and the relatively lower acidity is also to be expected in winter. The sensory quality of water is considerably improved over the consecutive purification steps. Complementary information about the individual technological units of the process is gained with the STATIS approach. The obtained results show that the water produced by the two independent filtering branches of the water plant is of similar quality and the prescribed quality characteristics of drinking water are fulfilled.     

Importance of quality control in a gas chromatographic method to characterize crude oils

A quality control scheme has been developed to achieve reproducible capillary GC characterization of crude oils and petroleum condensates. The method uses an internal standard to quantify the amount of non-eluted material in the crude oil sample. Correlation between the gas chromatographic results and actual distillation was 2 %. After repeated use, however, weekly analysis of the same standard crude oil did not give the correct composition. This was a result of discrimination, which worsened with time, as a result of leaks in the septum or the graphite ferrules. More reproducible results were obtained by performing frequent analyses of quality control samples to ensure that the gas chromatographic system was operating properly. The use of quality control charts was a convenient way of ensuring correct operation and identifying the need for corrective action on the gas chromatographic system.