重金属生物吸附的研究进展

本文综述了重金属生物吸附的机理、影响生物吸附的物理化学因素和生理条件、生物吸附动力学、生物吸附过程的数学模型化、生物细胞的固定化和从生物量上回收被吸附的重金属等方面的研究进展。     

纳米电化学生物传感器

纳米电化学生物传感器是将纳米材料作为一种新型的生物传感介质,与特异性分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等相结合,并以电化学信号为检测信号的分析器件。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及其优势,综述了近年来各类纳米电化学生物传感器在生物检测方面的研究进展,包括纳米颗粒生物传感器,纳米管、纳米棒、纳米纤维与纳米线生物传感器,以及纳米片与纳米阵列生物传感器等。     

选择性生物小分子硫醇荧光探针的研究进展

谷胱甘肽(GSH)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和高半胱氨酸(Hcy)作为生物体内含量较高的生物硫醇,在生物系统中起着重要作用。近年来,生物与环境样品中小分子生物硫醇的检测引起科学家们极大的兴趣,生物硫醇荧光探针和比色传感器得到快速发展。同时,作为更加精确的检测手段,选择性生物硫醇荧光探针的研究也得到了极大的关注。本文根据选择性生物硫醇荧光探针与生物硫醇的反应机理:醛基环化反应、丙烯酸酯加成环化反应、自然的化学连接反应、芳环取代重排反应和亲核加成-亲核取代反应,综述了近年来选择生物硫醇荧光探针的设计、合成与应用进展。     

生物材料对重金属离子的吸附富集作用

介绍了重金属离子的生物吸附富集作用,从生物材料的类型、生物吸附的选择性、化学修饰与生物吸附、生物对重金属离子的浓缩富集作用和生物吸附的机理及模型等方面作了说明。利用生物材料可去除水体中的重金属离子。     

溶胶-凝胶生物包囊化物的制备与特性

溶胶-凝胶法以其高效、简便、通用性强等特点而越来越广泛地用于生物分子如蛋白质、酶、DNA、RNA、抗体以及细胞等的固定化,所得生物活性材料在生物催化、生物传感、生物医学诊断等领域具有良好的应用前景.本文主要介绍溶胶-凝胶法包埋生物分子的基本过程,包埋后生物分子在凝胶基质中的构象变化和运动状态,被分析物或底物与生物分子活性位点的接触情况以及生物分子的活性和稳定性等.最后,对溶胶-凝胶生物包囊化的发展趋势进行了简单分析。     

生物传感器在POCT中的应用研究

即时检测（POCT）是在病人旁边或现场进行的检测,因其简单、快速、便携且不受场所限制已成为目前体外分子诊断技术发展的一支风向标。而生物传感器以其快速、灵敏、高效、便携及易于自动化、微型化等优点在发展现场即时检测技术中具有非常大的潜力。近年来,随着生物传感技术、互联网技术的发展及各种新技术、新方法的兴起和融合,POCT技术和方法得到了实质性发展。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和生物传感器在POCT中的应用现状,综述了近年来各类生物传感器在面向POCT检测应用的研究进展。生物传感器根据类型主要分为基于微流控芯片的生物传感器、基于纸的生物传感器、基于纳米材料的生物传感器、基于手机检测平台的生物传感器及集成的生物传感器等,并对这些传感器平台在POCT检测方面的应用做了阐述,最后对生物传感器在POCT应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对其发展趋势及前景做了展望。     

我国生物无机化学的发展

叙述了生物无机在我国的发展。着重从金属离子及其配合物与生物大分子的作用、药物中的金属及抗癌活性配合物的作用机理、稀土元素生物无机化学、金属离子与细胞的作用、金属蛋白与金属酶、生物矿化、环境生物无机化学等七个方面综述了我国已取得的进展和成绩。     

钐β-丙氨酸配合物晶体和电子结构

金属生物分子配合物广泛参与各种生物过程,在物质运送、信息传递、生物催化和能量转换中起关键作用。金属氨基酸等小分子生物配体配合物不仅具有重要生物功能,而且也往往     

生物标志物用于污染物的快速检测及毒性评价

生物标志物是指示污染物危害效应的生物信号。文中概括性讲述了生物标志物的定义、分类、特点及优越性，介绍了生物标志物常用的检测方法，归纳了生物标志物在快速检测各类环境污染物含量和评价其毒性方面的应用。还讨论了它的缺陷和不足，展望了生物标志物的发展前景。     

近年生物柴油产业的发展——特色、困境和对策

本文介绍了美国、欧盟、印度生物柴油产业发展的特点、发展生物柴油的新兴原料和生物柴油生产技术的最新进展.分析了造成现在生物柴油产业发展面临困境的原因在于原料植物油的价格高涨.通过对生物柴油产业链的分析,提出生物柴油产业摆脱所面临困境的对策是:从植物育种和栽培开始,到收割、储存和榨油加工的每一步都要降低成本,力求取得低成本的原料油;开发投资少、成本低的清洁生物柴油生产工艺;关键是要从生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)和甘油来生产高附加值的化工产品,大幅度提高利润.     

Determination of binding constants by affinity chromatography

This review summarizes developments in the use of affinity chromatography to characterize biospecific interactions in terms of reaction stoichiometry and equilibrium constant. In that regard, the biospecificity incorporated into the design of the experiment ensures applicability of the method regardless of the sizes of the reacting solutes. By the adoption of different experimental strategies (column chromatography, simple partition equilibrium, solid-phase immunoassay and biosensor technology protocols) quantitatiative affinity chromatography can be used to characterize interactions governed by an extremely broad range of binding affinities. In addition, the link between ligand-binding studies and quantitative affinity chromatography is illustrated by means of partition equilibrium studies of glycolytic enzyme interactions with muscle myofibrils, an exercise which emphasizes that the same theoretical expressions apply to naturally occurring examples of affinity chromatography in the cellular environment.     

稻壳纤维的柱层析性能研究

试验了稻壳纤维作为柱层析介质的性能,并制成亲和层析介质经脂肪酶。结果表明稻壳纤维层析过程为化学物理混合吸附过程,亲和层析性能良好,层析可将脂肪酶纯化２倍,回收率达８１．６％。适合较大规模层析分离。     

Affinity monolith chromatography

The combined use of monolithic supports with selective affinity ligands as stationary phases has recently given rise to a new method known as affinity monolith chromatography (AMC). This review will discuss the basic principles behind AMC and examine the types of supports and ligands that have been employed in this method. Approaches for placing affinity ligands in monoliths will be considered, including methods based on covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, and the formation of coordination complexes. Several reported applications will then be presented, such as the use of AMC for bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, dye-ligand affinity chromatography, and biomimetic chromatography. Other applications that will be discussed are chiral separations and studies of biological interactions based on AMC.     

膜亲和色谱的现状、发展和应用

文章对膜亲和色谱的原理、特点、设备、过程和发展情况做了介绍，并对亲和膜在整个膜分离技术中的地位、所占的比重及市场预测做了述评，对膜亲和色谱与其它色谱分离技术的优缺点进行了比较。重点介绍了制备亲和膜的材料，活化方法，间隔臂和配基的种类、选择和共价键合方法，配基和配合物产生亲和作用的机理及解离过程和方法。并对膜亲和色谱在酶、蛋白质、核糖核酸等生物大分子纯化分离方面的应用情况做了述评。     

Recent developments in quantitative affinity chromatography.

This review surveys developments during the past decade in the use of quantitative affinity chromatography as a means of evaluating equilibrium constants for solute-ligand and solute-matrix interactions. Topics include allowance for multivalency of the partitioning solute, removal of the myth that highly substituted affinity matrices are unsuitable for zonal quantitative affinity chromatography, adaptation of the technique to allow characterization of high-affinity interactions and the application of quantitative affinity chromatography theory to the characterization of biospecific adsorption phenomena in cellular systems.     

核酸适配体亲和色谱的研究进展

核酸适配体亲和色谱是将核酸适配体作为色谱固定相上的亲和配体的一种新型色谱技术。核酸适配体是一种可以特异性地识别目标物的寡聚核苷酸,与免疫抗体相比,核酸适配体在筛选制备、稳定性及应用等方面都显示出独特的优点。本文介绍了核酸适配体亲和色谱在小分子、蛋白质和细胞的分离和分析中的应用,对核酸适配体亲和色谱的研究现状和发展前景进行了综述。     

Boronic acid–lectin affinity chromatography. 1. Simultaneous glycoprotein binding with selective or combined elution

We introduce a novel combination of boronic acid affinity chromatography with lectin affinity chromatography, dubbed as boronic acid–lectin affinity chromatography (BLAC). Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin lectins were mixed with the pesudo-lectin boronic acid to form the BLAC affinity column and their performance was evaluated with standard glycoproteins. Optimization of the binding and elution buffers for the BLAC system is described. The BLAC columns were employed to isolate glycoproteins of interest using both selective and/or combined elution.     

Extraction of haemoglobin from human blood by affinity precipitation using a haptoglobin-based stimuli-responsive affinity macroligand

Affinity precipitation was compared to affinity chromatography and batch adsorption as the final purification step in a protocol for the isolation of haemoglobin from human blood. Haptoglobin was the affinity ligand. The first steps on the process were realized by traditional methods (lyses of red blood cells followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation). For affinity chromatography (and batch adsorption) the ligand was linked to Sepharose, for affinity precipitation to a thermoresponsive polymer, namely poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Five haptoglobin-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) bioconjugates (affinity macroligands) were constructed with different polymer: haptoglobin-coupling ratios. Conjugation of haptoglobin to the soluble poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) apparently does not change the interaction thermodynamics with haemoglobin, as the haemoglobin binding constants calculated by a Scatchard analysis for the affinity macroligand were of the same order of magnitude as those described in the literature for the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex in solution. Two elution protocols were used for haemoglobin release from the various affinity materials, one at pH 2, the other with 5 M urea at pH 11. Both affinity chromatography and affinity precipitation yielded a pure haemoglobin of high quality. Compared to the affinity chromatography, affinity precipitation showed a significantly higher ligand efficiency (ratio of the experimental capacity to the theoretical one). The method thus makes better use of the expensive affinity ligands. As affinity precipitation only requires small temperature changes to bring about precipitation/redissolution of the affinity complexes and a centrifugation step for recovery of the precipitate, the method in addition has advantages in term of scalability and simplicity.     

Application of retention factors in affinity electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.

Affinity capillary electrophoresis has become an established approach for performing interaction studies. In affinity electrokinetic chromatography the retention factor, as in liquid chromatography, is useful for describing the migration behavior of the analytes, and is instrumental for assessing the affinity of an analyte for the pseudo-stationary phase. Erroneous use of the retention factor concept in affinity capillary electrophoretic studies has appeared in a number of recent papers. The errors and their origin are pointed out, and the correct use of retention factors in affinity electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrophoresis is summarized.     

Modelling Affinity Chromatography

Abstract

Affinity chromatography plays a significant role in the separation and purification of biologically active macromolecules in laboratory and large-scale applications. There is a need for models which could be used to predict accurately the dynamic behavior of affinity chromatography separations, in order to permit the design, optimization, control, and process scale-up of affinity chromatography systems. Furthermore, the construction and use of such models will contribute to a better fundamental understanding of the physicochemical and biospecific mechanisms involved in affinity chromatography processes. The parameters of the models should be obtainable by using information from a small number of experiments.

This work reviews the modeling of affinity chromatography, and presents general models that could be used to describe the dynamic behavior of the adsorption, wash, and elution stages of affinity chromatography systems. Certain model structures, modeling approaches and operational strategies for systems having porous or nonporous adsorbent particles are also suggested, and experiments are proposed whose data are necessary for parameter estimation and model discrimination studies in affinity chromatography.

Particular emphasis is given to :he modeling of the intrinsic mechanisms of intraparticle diffusion, adsorption, and desorption, because the intrinsic mechanisms are normally independent of the mode of operation (i.e., batch, fixed bed, fluidized bed, continuous countercurrent, or others).