等电子三原子铀化物OUO2+、NUN和NUO+的结构和谐振频率的CCSD(T)计算研究

用小核相对论有效势和CCSD(T)方法计算了三原子铀化物OUO²⁺, NUN和NUO⁺的平衡键长和谐振频率. 计算结果显示U原子内层5s5p5d 电子相关能对这些化合物性质的影响非常小. 除NUN的弯曲振动频率,旋轨耦合效应对这些化合物的结构和频率的影响并不明显. 本文的计算结果与其他研究组的计算结果以及已有的实验值相比符合较好, 这表明作为单参考态方法, CCSD(T)能够对这些体系的键长和频率给出较精确的计算结果. 与此前密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算结果相比, CCSD(T)方法与PBE0泛函的结果吻合最好. 本文的工作有助于在用密度泛函方法研究这些体系时选择合适的交换相关泛函, 也为今后的实验研究提供了新的理论数据.     

核酸中碱基的氢键作用机理及电子特征理论研究

采用耦合簇量子化学方法 CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ研究了嘧啶与嘌呤之间的相互作用,利用基函数叠加误差法(BSSE)消除相互作用能误差,并进行了几何结构优化;采用Gaussian 03程序包中的NBO程序分析了二阶稳定化能及自然键轨道.与此同时,应用约化密度函数(RDG)填色等值面图对体系进行了图形化分析,分析了氢键相互作用所在的空间位置和相对强度,以及氢键相互作用的性质,以进一步了解二者的相互作用.结果表明,嘧啶-嘌呤体系的相互作用属于闭合壳层静电相互作用.电子密度跃迁矩阵分析结果表明,激发区域主要集中在N原子和O原子处,涉及的空间广度很大,第一激发态主要涉及前线分子轨道,属于σ→π*或n→π*类型跃迁.     

基于GPU的Hartree-Fock与密度泛函算法及程序

基于图形处理单元(GPU)的算法和程序为解决量子化学中的计算瓶颈开辟了道路. 作者设计了基于GPU的量子化学算法和程序, 实现了Hartree-Fock方法和密度泛函理论中双电子排斥积分计算、Fock矩阵构造以及交换相关泛函的计算. 由于计算内核使用OpenCL编程框架, 程序可以在多种架构的计算设备上执行. 对于不同计算模块和分子自洽场计算的测试表明, 基于OpenCL的GPU程序相比CPU上的串行程序实现了最快148倍的加速.     

二阶多参考态微扰理论计算电子亲和势

采用二阶多参考微扰理论计算了F, Cl, OH, SH, CN, CH₂和NH₂的电子亲和势.另外,还考察了基函数和完全活性空间大小对电子亲和势精度的影响.通过和CASSCF, CASPT2, CCSD, CCSD(T), B3LYP, X3LYP, M06, HCTH, TPSS, B97D3, mPW2PLYP和B2PLYP的计算结果比较发现,针对目前所用的基函数,二阶多参考态微扰理论的总体计算效果是最好的.     

可快速计算水团簇三体作用强度的新方法

将水分子视为由2个O—H键偶极构成, 再将水分子间的三体作用视为长程诱导作用和短程校正之和, 使用Thole模型计算长程诱导作用, 通过同时考虑不同水分子间的置换和同一个水分子中2个键偶极间的置换计算短程校正, 从而提出了一个可快速计算水团簇三体作用强度的新方法. 根据已报道的12347个水三聚体的结构和CCSD(T)三体作用能, 确定了该方法所需参数. 将该方法和所确定的参数应用于67个水团簇体系, 计算这些体系的三体作用能, 并与CCSD(T), MP2, M06-2X方法的计算结果进行比较. 结果表明, 相对于CCSD(T)方法的总三体作用能, 本文方法的均方根偏差(RMSD)仅为3.32 kJ/mol, 平均相对偏差(MRD)仅为2.43%; 对较大水团簇体系, 该方法计算精度稍优于MP2方法, 明显优于M06-2X方法, 并且更快捷高效.     

分子积分和分子对称性——分子局部对称性在abinitio程序中实现

对前人利用分子对称性简化分子积分计算之原理给予了严格的数学证明,并将利用分子局部对称性简化分子积分计算的方法在MQAB 80abinitio程序中实现.实算算例表明,最多可节省计算的CPU时间50%以上。该方法具有简便、有效之特点.     

HXeBr分子的振动频率和离解途径的理论研究

采用MP2和CCSD(T)方法对HXeBr分子的振动光谱进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明, 经非谐性和基质效应修正后的H—Xe伸缩振动、弯曲振动以及Xe—Br伸缩振动频率分别为1492, 509和174 cm-1, 与实验结果吻合得较好. 此外分别采用单参考组态的CCSD(T)方法和多参考组态耦合簇(MR-AQCC)方法研究了HXeBr分子的稳定性和离解途径. 研究结果表明, 离解途径HXeBr→Xe＋HBr和HXeBr→H＋Xe＋Br的能垒分别为1.39和0.89 eV, 三体离解途径是HXeBr分子的主要离解途径.     

HBr与HONO反应机理的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论和耦合簇理论等方法,研究了HBr与HONO的反应机理.在6-311G(d,p)基组水平上,对反应势能面上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的构型进行了几何结构优化.通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)确认了反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物之间的相关性.利用CCSD(T)和QCISD(T)方法计算了各分子单点能量,计算结果表明,HBr与HONO的主要反应通道为HBr+tran-HONO→tran-IM1→tran-TS1→IM2→P1,其主要产物为H_2O和BrNO.     

ClF-分子离子的结构与势能函数

采用单、双取代包括三重激发的二次组态相互作用[QCISD(T)]方法和单、双取代包括非迭代三重激发的耦合簇理论[CCSD(T)]方法, 结合相关一致基组aug-cc-pVXZ (X=D, T, Q, 5)对基态³⁵ClF^-和³⁷ClF^- (X²Σ⁺)分子离子进行了结构优化计算. 对CCSD(T)方法的计算结果用四种方法分别外推至基组极限, 得到了体系在基组极限的平衡结构常数. 在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVXZ (X=D, T, Q, 5)理论水平进行了单点能扫描. 对扫描计算结果进行基组外推并用Murrell-Sorbie 势能函数拟合得到了体系的解析势能函数表达式, 并进一步得到了³⁵ClF^-和³⁷ClF^-的光谱常数. 拟合所得势能曲线准确地再现了其离解能和平衡结构特征. 对ClF 中性自由基采用完全相同的理论方法进行了计算. 所得结果与有关文献中的实验结果符合得很好, 而且在一定程度上证明了将该理论方法应用于ClF^-分子离子的计算是合适而可靠的. ClF 自由基的优化计算结果还被用于计算其电子亲和能.ClF^-的垂直解离能也同时计算得出. 基于ClF^-的结构优化和单点能扫描计算结果, 通过求解核运动的径向薛定谔方程, 得到了无转动³⁵ClF^-和³⁷ClF^-(X²Σ⁺)的全部振动态及相应的分子常数.     

B972-PFD:一种高精度的色散校正密度泛函方法

发现一种与球原子经验色散模型SAM深度契合的杂化泛函B972,组合成高精度的色散校正密度泛函B972-PFD。采用S66、S66x8和S22标准数据集以及大气氢键团簇、Adenine-Thymine的π…π堆叠、Watson-Crick氢键复合物和甲烷结合(H_2O)_(20)水簇等体系测试了B972-PFD的性能。测试结果显示:对于S66数据集B972-PFD方法的精度与Head-Gordon研究组的三个新泛函ωB97X-V、B97M-V和ωB97M-V处于同一水平,相对于CCSD(T)/CBS金质标准,结合能的RMSD小于1 k J?mol~(-1);在其它数据集的测试中,B972-PFD方法也表现出很好的计算精度。通过研究基函数效应,我们推荐Pople的6-311++G(2d,p)作为B972-PFD方法的最优性价比基组。     

Benchmarking NMR indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants: SOPPA, SOPPA(CC2), and SOPPA(CCSD) versus CCSD

Accurate calculations of NMR indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants require especially optimized basis sets and correlated wave function methods such as CCSD or SOPPA(CCSD). Both methods scale as N(6), where N is the number of orbitals, which prevents routine applications to molecules with more than 10-15 nonhydrogen atoms. We have therefore developed a modification of the SOPPA(CCSD) method in which the CCSD singles and doubles amplitudes are replaced by CC2 singles and doubles amplitudes. This new method, called SOPPA(CC2), scales only as N(5), like the original SOPPA-method. The performance of the SOPPA(CC2) method for the calculation of indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants is compared to SOPPA and SOPPA(CCSD) employing a set of benchmark molecules. We also investigate the basis set dependence by employing three different basis sets optimized for spin-spin coupling constants, namely the HuzIV-su4, ccJ-pVTZ, and ccJ-pVQZ basis sets. The results of the corresponding CCSD calculations are used as a theoretical reference.     

Basis set limit CCSD(T) harmonic vibrational frequencies

Benchmark, frozen-core CCSD(T) equilibrium harmonic vibrational frequencies of 12 closed-shell and five open-shell molecules are computed to within 1 cm-1 of the basis set limit using the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-R12 method. The convergence of the standard CCSD(T) method with the one-particle basis sets of Dunning and co-workers is examined and found to be slow, with mean and maximum absolute errors of 1.3 and 3.5 cm-1 remaining at the cc-pV6Z level. Finite basis set effects do not appear to introduce systematic errors in equilibrium harmonic frequencies, and mean absolute errors reduce by a factor of 2 for each basis set cardinal number increment. The convergence of individual equilibrium harmonic frequencies is not guaranteed to be monotonic due to the associated shift in the equilibrium structure. The inclusion of computed scalar relativistic effects and previously available corrections for core-valence correlation and higher-order excitations in the cluster operator results in an agreement with experimentally derived harmonic frequencies of 0.1, 0.3, and -0.4 cm-1 for HF, N2, and CO, respectively. F2 continues to present a challenge to computational chemistry with an error of 3.2 cm-1, primarily resulting from the high basis set dependence of the quadruples contribution.     

CCSD(T) expectation value calculations of first-order properties

An expectation value approach to calculations of first-order properties using the non-iterative, triple-excitation amplitudes in the coupled cluster wave function is exploited. Three methods are suggested and analysed using the many body perturbation theory (MBPT) expansion arguments. The first method, in which non-iterative triple-excitation amplitudes are used in the expression for the expectation values, makes the wave function accurate through the second order of MBPT. In the second method, which is an extension of the first, effects of triple-excitation amplitudes are coupled with single- and double-excitation amplitudes. The correlated density matrix equivalent through the fourth order to that obtained when CCSDT-la amplitudes are used is employed in the third method. The suggested methods are tested on dipole moment and polarizability calculations for several diatomic closed-shell molecules and are compared to other related approaches. Received: 15 May 1997 / Accepted: 5 June 1997     

From CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-J to CCSD(T) complete basis set limit isotropic nuclear magnetic shieldings via affordable DFT/CBS calculations

It is shown that a linear correlation exists between nuclear shielding constants for nine small inorganic and organic molecules (N(2), CO, CO(2), NH(3), CH(4), C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), C(2)H(6) and C(6)H(6)) calculated with 47 methods (42 DFT methods, RHF, MP2, SOPPA, SOPPA(CCSD), CCSD(T)) and the aug-cc-pVTZ-J basis set and corresponding complete basis set results, estimated from calculations with the family of polarization-consistent pcS-n basis sets. This implies that the remaining basis set error of the aug-cc-pVTZ-J basis set is very similar in DFT and CCSD(T) calculations. As the aug-cc-pVTZ-J basis set is significantly smaller, CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-J calculations allow in combination with affordable DFT/pcS-n complete basis set calculations the prediction of nuclear shieldings at the CCSD(T) level of nearly similar accuracy as those, obtained by fitting results obtained from computationally demanding pcS-n calculations at the CCSD(T) limit. A significant saving of computational efforts can thus be achieved by scaling inexpensive CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-J calculations of nuclear isotropic shieldings with affordable DFT complete basis set limit corrections.     

A simple and efficient CCSD(T)-F12 approximation

A new explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12 approximation is presented and tested for 23 molecules and 15 chemical reactions. The F12 correction strongly improves the basis set convergence of correlation and reaction energies. Errors of the Hartree-Fock contributions are effectively removed by including MP2 single excitations into the auxiliary basis set. Using aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets the CCSD(T)-F12 calculations are more accurate and two orders of magnitude faster than standard CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z calculations.     

CCSD(T) study of dimethyl-ether infrared and Raman spectra

CCSD(T) state-of-the-art ab initio calculations are used to determine a vibrationally corrected three-dimensional potential energy surface of dimethyl-ether depending on the two methyl torsions and the COC bending angle. The surface is employed to obtain variationally the lowest vibrational energies that can be populated at very low temperatures. The interactions between the bending and the torsional coordinates are responsible for the displacements of the torsional overtone bands and several combination bands. The effect of these interactions on the potential parameters is analyzed. Second order perturbation theory is used as a help for the understanding of many spectroscopic parameters and to obtain anharmonic fundamentals for the 3N - 9 neglected modes as well as the rotational parameters. To evaluate the surface accuracy and to verify previous assignments, the calculated vibrational levels are compared with experimental data corresponding to the most abundant isotopologue. The surface has been empirically adjusted for understanding the origin of small divergences between ab initio calculations and experimental data. Our calculations confirm previous assignments and show the importance of including the COC bending degree of freedom for computing with a higher accuracy the excited torsional term values through the Fermi interaction. Besides, this work shows a possible lack of accuracy of some available experimental transition frequencies and proposes a new assignment for a transition line. As an example, the transition 100 → 120 has been computed at 445.93 cm(-1), which is consistent with the observed transition frequency in the Raman spectrum at 450.5 cm(-1).     

Implementation of the CCSD(T)-F12 method using cusp conditions

The explicitly-correlated coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples method (CCSD(T)-F12) is implemented using the cusp conditions. Numerical tests for a set of 16 molecules have shown agreement of correlation energies within 1 mE(h) between the cusp-condition and fully-optimized CCSD(T)-F12 methods. Benchmark calculations on 13 chemical reactions with the cusp-condition CCSD(T)-F12 method reproduce experimental enthalpies within 2 kJ mol(-1). It is also shown that regular unitary-invariant ansatz cannot exactly satisfy singlet and triplet cusp conditions in open-shell situations. We present an extended ansatz which can handle both conditions exactly.     

CCSDT and CCSD(T) calculations on model H-bonded and stacked complexes

The CCSD(T) and CCSDT interaction energies were determined for model planar H-bonded complexes (formamide…formamide, formamidine…formamidine) and stacked complexes (ethylene…ethylene, formaldehyde…formaldehyde). Various basis sets from the 6-31G*(0.25) to aug-cc-pVDZ were used. Difference between CCSD(T) and CCSDT interaction energies were small and become negligible (bellow 0.1 kcal/mol) if the aug-cc-pVDZ (or aug-cc-pVDZ/cc-pVDZ) basis set was applied. This result strongly supports the use of the CCSD(T) method for determination of true stabilization energies of extended complexes.     

On the physisorption of water on graphene: a CCSD(T) study

The electronic structure of the zero-gap two-dimensional graphene has a charge neutrality point exactly at the Fermi level that limits the practical application of this material. There are several ways to modify the Fermi-level-region of graphene, e.g. adsorption of graphene on different substrates or different molecules on its surface. In all cases the so-called dispersion or van der Waals interactions can play a crucial role in the mechanism, which describes the modification of electronic structure of graphene. The adsorption of water on graphene is not very accurately reproduced in the standard density functional theory (DFT) calculations and highly-accurate quantum-chemical treatments are required. A possibility to apply wavefunction-based methods to extended systems is the use of local correlation schemes. The adsorption energies obtained in the present work by means of CCSD(T) are much higher in magnitude than the values calculated with standard DFT functional although they agree that physisorption is observed. The obtained results are compared with the values available in the literature for binding of water on the graphene-like substrates.