PbS-PAA复合纳米粒子共振光散射法测定蛋白质

基于蛋白质对聚丙烯酸修饰的纳米PbS复合粒子共振光散射的增强效应,建立了一种新的测定蛋白质的共振光散射法。在超声辐射下,用过二硫酸钾(KPS)做引发剂,用原位聚合的方法使丙烯酸原位聚合在纳米PbS上。所得的复合纳米粒子表面就覆盖了大量的羧基(—COOH),不仅增加了复合纳米粒子的水溶性和稳定性,而且使其具有良好的生物相容性。在pH=0.91的NaAc-HCl溶液中,复合纳米粒子与蛋白质结合后,使得其共振光散射强度剧增,且其增强的程度与所加入的蛋白质浓度成线性关系。在λ=385 nm处,共振光散射强度最大。在最佳条件下,建立了工作曲线,线性范围为0.2~20μg.mL-1(HSA),0.2~20μg.mL-1(Humanγ_IgG),0.15~18μg.mL-1(BSA);检出限分别为25、14、27 ng.mL-1。该法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

基于双靶向黑色素纳米粒的肿瘤深穿透光声成像

通过1‐(3‐二甲基氨基丙基)‐3‐乙基碳二亚胺和N‐羟基丁二酰亚胺反应将透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)和4‐羧丁基三苯基溴化膦((4‐carboxybutyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide,TPP)分子连接到聚乙二醇-氨基(PEG‐NH₂)修饰过的黑色素纳米颗粒(melanin nanoparticles,MNP)表面,设计合成了一种具有双靶向能力的黑色素纳米颗粒(MNP‐TPP‐HA),赋予了黑色素的双靶向能力。体外三维(3D)多细胞肿瘤球荧光成像和活体肿瘤光声成像实验表明MNP‐TPP‐HA具有优异的肿瘤靶向穿透能力。     

Au纳米粒子负载的ZnO空心球复合材料的光生电荷转移行为及光催化活性

通过简单的两步法合成了不同负载量的Au/ZnO空心球。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品的形貌、结构、组成和晶相等进行一系列的表征。以罗丹明B (RhB)为目标降解物,探究了Au/ZnO空心球的光催化活性。结果表明,适量Au修饰的ZnO光催化剂在混合光下20 min内对RhB的降解率达到73%。利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和瞬态光电压(TPV)技术,探讨了Au修饰后对ZnO光诱导电荷转移行为与光催化性能之间的关系。结果表明,混合光照下Au/ZnO空心球光降解性能的提高主要归因于作为电子受体的Au纳米粒子与ZnO之间形成的强的电子相互作用。适量Au纳米粒子的负载能够提高ZnO空心球中光生载流子的分离效率,相应地延长载流子的传输时间,增加光生电荷的寿命,从而促进其光催化活性的提高。     

NiFe双氢纳米粒子有效提高BiVO4光阳极光电化学水分解性能

近年来, 太阳能驱动的光电化学水分解作为一种高效、环保、可持续的技术, 已经引起了广泛的关注. 为了更好地使用光电化学技术将太阳能转化为化学能, 至关重要的是提高光电极材料的光吸收和光转化效率. BiVO4禁带宽度(Eg=2.4-2.5 eV)小, 具有很好的可见光响应能力, 因此BiVO4光电极材料引起了广泛关注. 但是, 当单独BiVO4作为光电阳极材料时, 电子-空穴对分离弱、载流子传输慢, 从而使BiVO4不能很好地在光电化学水分解中发挥作用. 为了缓解或解决此类限制性因素, 本课题组通过水热法合成了NiFe双氢纳米粒子, 并将其负载于BiVO4电极表面, 光电催化分解水实验表明其产氢效率得到大幅度提高. 同时制备了Ni(OH)2/BiVO4和Fe(OH)2/BiVO4电极并用于研究NiFe/BiVO4电极的反应机理. 在上文基础上, 本文采用电子扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨投射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等表征手段和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和电流时间(I-t)等对其光电化学活性进行了测试, 研究了NiFe/BiVO4电极在发生水氧化时的反应机理. SEM结果表明, Ni(OH)2是以纳米片组成的纳米球负载于多孔BiVO4表面; 而当Fe(OH)2负载于BiVO4表面时, BiVO4的纳米尺寸减小; NiFe-LDH纳米粒子负载于BiVO4表面时, 可以明显看见BiVO4纳米颗粒表面包裹着一层更小的纳米粒子.这证明了Ni(OH)2, Fe(OH)2和NiFe-LDH纳米粒子均成功负载于BiVO4表面. 这也得到HRTEM结果的确认. UV-Vis DRS结果表明NiFe-LDH纳米粒子能有效拓宽BiVO4的吸收边, 从而增加对可见光的吸收, 增加了对光的利用率. LSV测试结果表明, 暗反应条件下Ni(OH)2/BiVO4比NiFe/BiVO4和Fe(OH)2/BiVO4电极的起始电位更低, 说明Ni(OH)2有更好的传输电子性能; 而在光照条件下, 在同一电位时NiFe/BiVO4比Ni(OH)2/BiVO4和Fe(OH)2/BiVO4电极的光电流值更高. 值得注意的是, 此时Ni(OH)2/BiVO4比Fe(OH)2/BiVO4电极的光电流值低, 这又说明Fe(OH)2比Ni(OH)2对光更敏感. 因此当NiFe-LDH纳米粒子负载于BiVO4表面时, 不仅提高了BiVO4光电极的光吸收效率, 而且加速了载流子的传输从而抑制了光生电子-空穴的复合, 使反应过程中的量子效率得到提高.     

光引发常规乳液聚合制备氨基聚苯乙烯纳米粒子

采用一种简单易行的方法制备了氨基功能化的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子.首先,采用4-乙烯基苄氯与1,3-丙二胺置换反应制备了含有氨基功能基团的可聚合单体N-(3-氨基丙基)对乙烯基苄基亚胺(CVPD).然后,采用乳液聚合,以苯乙烯(St)和CVPD为共聚单体,水溶性的4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基-(2-羟基-2-丙基)酮(Irgacure 2959)为光引发剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为乳化剂,经紫外光辐照引发,合成了P(St-co-CVPD)二元共聚物的纳米胶乳.体系的乳化剂用量仅为体系总质量的0.1 wt%～0.8 wt%,远小于常用来制备纳米粒子的微乳液体系的乳化剂用量.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和激光粒度分析仪(DLS)表征了P(St-co-CVPD)纳米粒子的粒径和粒径分布.用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振(NMR)证明了P(St-co-CVPD)纳米粒子上氨基的存在,并通过茚三酮显色反应定量检测了氨基含量.分别研究了单体配比,引发剂浓度,乳化剂用量以及紫外光强度对反应体系的影响.实验结果表明,产物粒子尺寸为30～600 nm,氨基通过共价键连接在粒子上,其含量为1.2×10-5～1.6×10-4 mol/g.该乳液体系聚合反应速率较快,单体转化率在60 min内即可达到80%.所得粒子的氨基含量可以通过单体配比进行调节.粒子尺寸可通过单体配比,引发剂浓度,乳化剂用量以及紫外光强度进行调节.     

光电化学竞争法检测生物素

建立了光电化学系统竞争性检测生物素(Biotin)小分子浓度的方法。采用联吡啶钌[Tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium,Ru-bpy)]作为标记物,以氧化锡纳米颗粒为电极,草酸盐为电子供体还原标记物。在470 nm光激发下,联吡啶钌的外层电子吸收能量后由基态变为激发态,注入半导体氧化锡纳米颗粒电极的导带,形成光电流信号;草酸盐还原失去电子的联吡啶钌使其恢复初始状态,从而可以再次作为电子供体受激发产生光电流信号。在竞争性检测生物素(Biotin)浓度时,亲和素(Avidin)吸附到氧化锡纳米颗粒电极表面作为识别元件,在浓度大于0.5 g/L时能够达到最大的电极表面覆盖率。1μmol/L Ru-bpy-biotin与不同浓度Biotin组成的混合溶液与电极表面的Avidin发生亲和反应,光激发后检测光电流大小;当溶液中Biotin的浓度增加时,致使与电极表面Avidin结合的Ru-bpy-biotin量减少,在光照射下光电流信号降低。这一竞争性光电检测方法检测Biotin时,检出限为8μg/L。本方法可进一步扩展,应用于有机化合物的竞争性免疫检测。     

二维层状钴铁双氢氧化物用于癌症协同光治疗

癌症的光子疗法是一种选择性治疗新技术,近几年得到迅猛的发展,该疗法拥有创伤小、选择性好且毒性低、无耐药性等优点。 我们采用水热合成法制备了一种新型的层状钴铁双氢氧化物纳米片(Co-Fe-LDH),利用其具有较大比表面积、稳定高、生物相容性好等的特点,负载光敏剂IR783(LDH-IR783),在近红外激光的刺激下实现癌症的光热光动力协同光治疗。 对所合成的Co-Fe-LDH进行了组成、形貌、光学性质、活性氧(ROS)生成、热量释放等表征,并在细胞及活体水平进行抗癌测试。 实验结果表明,所制备的纳米复合物具有稳定的结构、高IR783负载率以及良好的分散性,并且,在近红外光源照射下表现出优异的光热/光动力效应,能够快速产生大量的活性氧,迅速地释放热量,产生显著的光毒性,能够有效地诱导HeLa细胞的凋亡。 体内抗癌实验表明,所制备的纳米复合物有效地抑制了实体肿瘤的生长,并且未对正常组织产生明显的损伤,毒副作用较低。 这些初步结果将为光热/光动力协同纳米粒子的设计和应用提供新的思路。     

纳米ZnS在KGM-AE高分子模板中的可控制备与光限幅性能研究

设计了一种新的乙酸酐改性魔芋葡苷聚糖(KGM-AE)作为高分子模板，通过调节模板剂的改性度、模板剂溶液浓度以及Zn²⁺离子浓度，探讨了ZnS纳米粒子形成的机理，制备出了大小及形貌可控的纳米ZnS。利用IR、ICP-AES、XRD、TEM等对ZnS结构进行了表征，并测定了纳米ZnS光限幅性能，结果显示纳米ZnS溶液均呈现出明显的光限幅性能。     

羧基化碳纳米管存在下茜素红-蛋白质的光散射光谱研究

本文报道了羧基化碳纳米管存在下茜素红-蛋白质的光散射光谱。与无羧基化碳纳米管时相比,其散射光强度明显增加。优化了影响体系光散射检测的实验参数。在实验选定最佳条件下,考察了散射光强度与蛋白质浓度的关系,发现在362 nm波长处散射光强度与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和人血清蛋白(HSA)浓度均在0.10～9.0 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,其检出限为0.053 mg/L。将该法用于人血清总蛋白含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

液相单根分散石墨烯纳米带的化学合成与光物理性质

结构精确的石墨烯纳米带(GNRs)因具有独特的光、电、磁等物理性能,吸引了化学、物理、材料科学等领域研究人员的广泛关注。由于GNRs间强的π-π相互作用使得GNRs在溶液中难以分散,严重阻碍了其液相物化性能的研究和光电器件的制备。因此,实现GNRs在液相中的分散,特别是单根分散,是研究GNRs液相物化性质及其光电器件制备需首要解决的关键问题。上海交通大学麦亦勇团队在可液相分散的GNRs化学合成方面展开了研究,在纳米带的聚合物功能化、液相分散、超分子自组装,光热转化等方面取得了突破性的进展。近期,该团队通过在纳米带边缘引入大尺寸的类三蝶烯刚性基团,通过其大于石墨层间距(约0.34nm)的分子尺寸极大地减弱了GNRs主干之间π-π相互作用,实现了GNRs在常用溶剂中的高质量浓度(5mg/mL)分散,同时实现了GNRs在低质量浓度(小于0.1mg/mL)下的单根分散,并用超快光谱和二维电子谱等研究了单根分散纳米带在液相中的光物理性质。这一突破性成果为研究单根石墨烯纳米带的液相物理性质及其潜在应用探索开辟了道路。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.