离子液体辅助水热法合成六方WO3纳米棒束

提出了利用简单的离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基-咪唑溴辅助水热法合成六方WO₃纳米棒束的方法,对其结构进行了表征,并讨论其形成机理。TEM照片表明:WO₃纳米棒束由长200~300nm、直径25~30nm的纳米棒组装而成。离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基-咪唑溴在纳米棒的形成过程中起到了结构导向剂的作用。     

离子液体辅助CaMoO4中空微米球的制备及光学性质研究

以1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体([BMIM]Br)/水体系为反应介质，利用简便的液相沉淀法在室温下合成了钼酸钙(CaMoO₄)中空微球体材料。分别利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产品的相结构及形貌进行表征，发现产品为空心结构的白钨矿型微米级球体,并且该CaMoO₄微球体是由粒径为10～20 nm的纳米粒子聚集而成。利用紫外可见(UV-Vis)漫反射谱及室温光致发光(PL)谱测试了产品的光学性质。通过与纯水相、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体([EMIM]Br)/水及1-正己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体([HMIM]Br)/水等体系中所得产品的对比，证明了[BMIM]Br对产品的形貌及光学性能等具有重要影响，并对中空微球体形成的机理进行了讨论。     

表面活性剂辅助合成CdWO4纳米棒和纳米线

以Na₂WO₄•2H₂O和CdCl₂ 为主要原料, 分别在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)表面活性剂中, 在180 ℃反应16 h, 水热制备了CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线. 利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对产物进行了表征, 并对其在室温下的发光特性进行了测定. 实验结果表明: 产物均为具有单斜结构的单相CdWO₄. 其中CdWO₄纳米棒具有单晶属性, 平均粒径约为63 nm, 长度近1 µm; 而CdWO₄纳米线具有多晶特性, 平均粒径约为12 nm, 长度达十几微米. 当激发波长为253 nm时均有460 nm强的发射峰, 其中CdWO₄单晶纳米棒的发光强度大于CdWO₄多晶纳米线. 分别对CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线形成的可能机理进行了初步分析.     

表面活性剂辅助合成CdWO4纳米棒和纳米线

以Na₂WO₄•2H₂O和CdCl₂ 为主要原料, 分别在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)表面活性剂中, 在180 ℃反应16 h, 水热制备了CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线. 利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对产物进行了表征, 并对其在室温下的发光特性进行了测定. 实验结果表明: 产物均为具有单斜结构的单相CdWO₄. 其中CdWO₄纳米棒具有单晶属性, 平均粒径约为63 nm, 长度近1 µm; 而CdWO₄纳米线具有多晶特性, 平均粒径约为12 nm, 长度达十几微米. 当激发波长为253 nm时均有460 nm强的发射峰, 其中CdWO₄单晶纳米棒的发光强度大于CdWO₄多晶纳米线. 分别对CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线形成的可能机理进行了初步分析.     

功能化离子液体中Ag纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究

合成了1-甲基-3-羟乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([C₂OHmim]BF₄)，用红外光谱表征了其结构。以所合成的离子液体作为还原剂、稳定剂与反应介质制备了Ag纳米微粒，用XRD和TEM对微粒的结构和形貌进行了表征。在四球摩擦磨损实验机上研究了[C₂OHmim]BF₄离子液体及掺入Ag纳米微粒后的离子液体的摩擦学性能。掺入银纳米微粒后，离子液体在高载荷下的润滑性有了大幅的改善。用SEM和XPS分别对磨痕表面的形貌和元素组成、化学状态进行了分析，结果表明：在低、高载荷分别起润滑作用的是有机膜和金属-有机复合膜。     

一种可高温运行的离子液体电解质燃料电池

本文采用N-甲基咪唑为原料通过溴盐的中间步骤合成了1-乙基-3甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐([Emim]H₂PO₄)离子液体。首先利用元素分析和核磁共振确定了其组成,并测量了该离子液体的粘度和电导性能,然后使用多孔的聚偏氟乙烯作为支撑制备了离子液体电解质复合膜,120 ℃时通过交流阻抗测得其电导率为2.7×10^-2 S·cm^-1。最后将该复合膜组装在单电池中测试了不同温度下的性能,常压下120 ℃时可获得0.85 mW·cm^-2的功率密度,结果表明该复合膜的质子传导可以完全不依赖水,从而能够实现高温操作。     

制备条件对CdWO4纳米棒的光致发光性能的影响

以Na₂WO₄和CdCl₂为主要原料，在130 ℃水热制备了CdWO₄纳米棒，并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱元素分析(EDS)对产物进行了表征。结果表明，产物为长约100 nm，直径10～30 nm的CdWO₄纳米棒。研究了不同反应条件下制备的CdWO₄纳米棒的光致发光性能。     

S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe2O4/WO3的构筑及光催化还原CO2性能

通过在WO₃纳米片表面负载ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒,构建了一系列S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃,并研究了其光催化CO₂还原性能。在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的条件下,所制备的ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃复合材料可对CO₂与水蒸汽进行光催化反应。优化后的材料光照5 h后CO₂还原产物CO和CH₄的产量分别为7.87和4.88 μmol·g^-1。相对于单相组分,CO和CH₄的产量明显提高。光催化活性的提高,归因于ZnFe₂O₄和WO₃异质结的形成以及光生载流子的S型电荷传输模式。     

S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe2O4/WO3的构筑及光催化还原CO2性能

通过在WO₃纳米片表面负载ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒,构建了一系列S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃,并研究了其光催化CO₂还原性能。在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的条件下,所制备的ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃复合材料可对CO₂与水蒸汽进行光催化反应。优化后的材料光照5 h后CO₂还原产物CO和CH₄的产量分别为7.87和4.88 μmol·g^-1。相对于单相组分,CO和CH₄的产量明显提高。光催化活性的提高,归因于ZnFe₂O₄和WO₃异质结的形成以及光生载流子的S型电荷传输模式。     

一维Bi2Fe4O9纳米棒阵列的无模板水热合成

以物质的量的比为1：1的Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O和Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O为反应原料,以NaOH为矿化剂,利用水热法在Ti基板上成功制备出一维Bi₂Fe₄O₉纳米棒阵列。对该纳米棒阵列分别进行XRD、FE-SEM、HR-TEM和UV-Vis测试,得到Bi₂Fe₄O₉纳米棒的直径为100nm,长度为3~4μm,并表现出良好的光吸收性能,禁带宽度约为1.9eV,对甲基紫溶液的光降解率达到86%,其活性明显高于市售P25（TiO₂）。该纳米棒阵列的生长方式完全遵循奥斯瓦尔德熟化（Ostwald ripening）单晶生长机理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).