碳纳米管表面的无钯活化化学镀镍研究

本文提出碳纳米管表面无钯活化的化学镀镍方法.碳纳米管经硝酸氧化和碱中和后表面生成羧基,利用羧基吸附镍离子,之后吸附的镍离子被化学还原为镍的纳米微粒并成为化学镀镍的催化活性中心.红外吸收光谱和电子显微镜观察等证实了上述活化过程的机理.实验表明,新的活化方法对碳纳米管表面化学镀是切实可行的,文中同时对化学沉积层的不同形貌进行讨论.     

无铅镉化学镍沉积及其表征

优化无铅、无镉化学镍沉积工艺,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学方法表征化学镀镍层的形貌、组成、结构和电化学活性.结果表明,化学镍自催化沉积速率为22.4μm.h-1;沉积速率随溶液温度和pH值的提高而增大;比之硫酸镍,次磷酸钠对沉积速率的影响明显许多.化学镀镍层磷含量为7.8%(by mass),结构致密、晶粒细小,呈非晶态结构.在NaCl溶液中,镀层呈现良好的电化学耐蚀性.     

苯基硫脲对6063铝合金表面化学镀镍层电化学性能的影响

采用极化曲线及交流阻抗技术研究了不同浓度的苯基硫脲(稳定剂)对6063铝合金表面镍层的电化学性能的影响。极化曲线结果表明,镀液中加入苯基硫脲后的镀镍层比基体铝合金具有更正的腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、小孔(点)腐蚀电位(Epit)及更低的腐蚀电流(icorr)。为了解释镍层的电化学性能,建立了等效电路模型,并拟合出了表面电阻(Rcoat)及电容(Qcoat),电荷转移电阻(Rct)及双电层电容(Qdl)等腐蚀参数。交流阻抗研究结果表明,加入6～10 mg/L苯基硫脲后的镀镍层具有较高的表面电阻(Rcoat)、电荷转移电阻(Rct)及较低的表面电容与双电层电容(Qcoat与Qdl)。镀镍层的交流阻抗谱及极化曲线的测试结果表明,制备的镀层具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,并且相互吻合。采用扫描电子显微镜及能谱对化学镀镍层的表面形貌及成份进行了分析。结果显示,表面处于较均匀的状态,磷元素的质量分数超过10%。     

膨胀石墨表面化学镀镍及性能

采用化学镀法对膨胀石墨表面镀镍. 对包覆后的样品进行了SEM、EDS、XRD、IR和磁性能表征. 结果表面,膨胀石墨表面被镍层均匀包覆,其质量分数镍占94.12%、磷占5.88%,镀覆后产品在近红外波段反射率明显增大,磁性能明显增强,饱和磁化强度σs=26.3 A·m2/kg、剩磁σr=8.1 A·m2/kg、σr/σs=0.31,分析结果表明其属于软磁性材料.     

化学镀镍—高磷合金的微观结构及晶化行为研究

采用混合络合剂在酸性体系中进行化学镀镍－高磷合金,并用原子力显微镜（AFM）,透射电镜（TEM）、差热分析（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）等技术研究所得到的化学镀镍－高磷合金的微观结构和晶化行为。结果表明,化学镀镍－高磷合金具有胞状结构的微观形貌,镀态时呈典型的非晶态结构,300℃以下对热非常。镀层在343．8℃开始晶化,400℃时完全转化成亚稳用Ni5P2,440.4 ℃,时进一步转变成稳定的Ni和Ni3P相其晶化行为同从碱性乙二胺镀液中得到的高磷化学镀镍层有明显的差异。     

镍修饰WO3膜光电化学氧化水的研究

在强碱性溶液中低电压低电流条件下在W基底上经阳极氧化得到致密WO3层,而后在酸性条件下在WO3表面经光辅助电化学还原沉积镍,所获得的复合电极具有优异的光电化学氧化水的活性和稳定性.SEM,EDX,XPS和TEM等表征表明复合电极中具有体心立方结构的W基底经阳极氧化形成了具有单斜结构的WO3层,表面修饰的镍物种以Ni(OH)2形式存在.光电化学实验表明WO3层对可见光具有良好的光响应,表面修饰镍后,光电氧化水的起始电位显著降低,电极的稳定性也得以提高.     

一维铜(核)-镍(壳)纳米结构的制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱

采用多孔阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)结合直流电化学沉积法, 通过一种新的两步法合成一维铜(核)-镍(壳)纳米结构. 首先制备铜纳米线, 然后对AAO进行扩孔, 利用铜纳米线和AAO孔壁之间的间隙,沉积镍纳米线/纳米管. 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行表征分析, 所得结果验证了这种方法的可行性. 以腺嘌呤为探针分子研究此种纳米结构的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应, 结果表明, 这种一维纳米材料是一种潜在的SERS活性基底, 拓宽了过渡金属在SERS中的应用.     

化学沉积法制备Ni-P纳米线与纳米管有序阵列

以多孔氧化铝膜为模板, 在室温下的酸性化学镀镍槽中通过化学沉积法生长出纳米线与纳米管有序阵列. 分别用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米线、纳米管阵列进行表征. 并通过对纳米线与纳米管的生长方式进行分析比较, 系统地研究了多孔氧化铝模板的前处理对纳米阵列生长的影响. 结果表明, 生成的纳米线与纳米管均为非晶态的镍磷合金. 室温下镍纳米管的生成主要取决于敏化、活化过程, 而当纳米管的厚度达到一定程度后就不再随时间变化.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜在织物化学镀中的应用

天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混后存在强烈的氢键作用能够促进二者相容,形成互穿网络(IPN)结构的CS/PVA二元共混膜。 通过傅里叶红外(FT-IR)和强力测试对共混膜结构及拉伸强力性能进行了表征。 利用掺杂少量氯化钯的CS与PVA共混液的成膜性能,在涤纶织物表面预制一层具有自催化活性的薄膜,并对经过处理后的涤纶织物进行化学镀镍研究。 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、电磁屏蔽效能测试和水洗牢度测试,分别对织物表面形貌、热稳定性、电磁屏蔽性能和结合牢度进行测试。 结果表明,CS与PVA共混液处理后的涤纶织物,经化学镀镍能获得表面均匀致密、导电性优良、与织物结合力良好的镀层。     

p型硅片上激光诱导局部化学沉镍

在以肼为还原剂的碱性化学镀镍溶液中实现ｐ型单晶硅片上激光诱导微区化学沉镍，讨论了激光能量、照射时间对镍沉积层的影响，使用ＳＥＭ、ＡＥＳ和ＲＢＳ等方面对镀层的形貌、性质进行了分析。激光诱导化学沉积得到了均匀致密、结合力好的纯镍镀层。镀层与基体间具有Ｓｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ接触特性。     

Electroless Deposition of Nickel Nanowire and Nanotube Arrays as Supports for Pt-Pd Catalyst for Ethanol Electrooxidation

Nickel nanowire and nanotube arrays as supports for Pt-Pd catalyst were prepared by electroless deposition with anodic aluminum oxide template. Pt-Pd composite catalyst was deposited on the arrays by displacement reaction. SEM images show that the nickel nanowires have an average diameter of 100 nm and the nickel nanotubes have an average inner diameter of 200 nm. EDS scanning reveals that elemental Pt and Pd disperse uniformly on the arrays. Cyclic voltammetry study indicates that the nickel nanotube array loaded with Pt-Pd possesses a higher electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation than the nickel nanowire array with Pt-Pd.     

卤离子对化学沉积镍的影响

用重量法测定了卤离子对化学沉积镍速度的影响．并借助电化学方法研究了卤离子对镍的化学沉积过程的极化曲线和稳定电位的影响．探讨了卤离子加速和稳定化学沉积镍的机理     

Copper nanoparticles seeded functionalized‐PVC plastic surface for electroless nickel deposition

A novel and facile activation process for electroless nickel deposition was developed. The semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel biofilm was used to functionalize the inert poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) surface, and then Cu nanoparticles, which can initial the subsequent electroless nickel deposition successfully seeded on the functionalized‐PVC surface. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the hydrogel film provided the PVC surface with amino groups and Cu nanoparticles of 20–50 nm in size could be functioned as the catalytic nuclei for the subsequent electroless metal deposition on PVC plastic. It can be concluded that the novel Cu activation was effective for the nickel deposition on PVC surface, because of more chemisorption sites for Cu nanoparticles generated on PVC surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无电镀镍复合镀层耐蚀性质研究

研究无电镀镍镀层加入钻石微粒或PTFE微粒的均匀分散相 ,所得之复合镀层在 3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学分析 ,浸渍试验与临雾试验 ,皆显示复合镀层之耐蚀性低于不含微粒之无电镀镍镀层 .由SEM ,AES ,XRD ,EPMA分析镀层微观组成 ,复合镀层之磷含量分布呈差异性变化 ,磷量较多区域为微阴极 ,磷量较少区域为微阳极 ,复合镀层存在众多微电池组合 ,容易引起电化学伽凡尼腐蚀 ,造成复合镀层耐蚀性降低 ,当镀层微粒含量增加时 ,微粒的惰性保护效果超过微电池效应 ,复合镀层的耐蚀性质才能提高     

酸性化学镀镍中次亚磷酸钠阳极氧化行为的研究

采用线性电位扫描和交流阻抗法研究了酸性化学镀镍过程中还原剂次亚磷酸钠的阳极氧化行为。结果表明，次亚磷酸钠的氧化是一个复杂的电化学过程，其阳极氧化行为受本身浓度、溶液温度、阳极扫描速度以及Ｎｉ＾２＋的影响，在其氧化反应之前可能存在异相界面转化步骤，该步骤成为整个氧化过程的控制步骤。     

Electroless Ni–P coated on graphite as catalyst for the electro-oxidation of dextrose in alkali solution

Graphite particles were coated with Ni–P by electroless deposition using a conventional bath consisting of a nickel salt and hypophosphite. After 15 min of electroless deposition, the graphite particles were covered with 10 wt% nickel and 0.7–1.0 wt% phosphorus as analysed by wet chemical method. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical characterisation for the catalytic activity was done by cyclic voltammetry. Pure Ni powder and electroless Ni–P coated on graphite were used as catalysts for the electro-oxidation of dextrose (1.8 × 10⁻³ to 4.5 × 10⁻³ M) in 0.1 M KOH solution. Comparative studies revealed that electroless Ni–P coated on graphite particles acted as a better catalyst than pure Ni powder for catalytic reaction.     

化学镀镍过程中丙酸作用的机理研究

利用循环伏安法和红外漫反射光谱法研究化学镀镍过程中丙酸的作用机理. 不同丙酸浓度下的循环伏安曲线表明,丙酸能同时促进Ni^2＋的还原和H₂PO^-₂的氧化.根据丙酸分别与NaH₂PO₂和NiSO₄共存时镍基体上吸附物的红外漫反射光谱变化,推断丙酸是通过与NaH₂PO₂和Ni^2＋形成表面络合物来促进化学沉积的. 丙酸能与NaH₂PO₂形成分子间氢键,促使P-H键断裂并生成·PHO^-₂中间物,从而提高H₂PO^-₂的氧化速度; 同时,丙酸以其-OCO-官能团与Ni^2＋生成桥式配合物,有利于加速Ni^2＋的沉积. H₂PO^-₂氧化速度的提高有助于磷的沉积,从而增大了化学镀层中的磷含量.     

Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P composite coatings by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Electroless Ni-P composite coatings have gained a good deal of popularity and acceptance in recent years as they provide considerable improvement of desirable qualities such as hardness, wear, abrasion resistance, etc. The disagreement among researchers on the corrosion behaviour of these coatings warrants a thorough investigation. Among the various techniques available for the determination of corrosion resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is considered to be superior as it provides not only an assessment of the corrosion resistance of different deposits but also enables the mechanistic pathway by which the deposits become corroded to be determined. The present investigation focuses on the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Si₃N₄, Ni-P-CeO₂ and Ni-P-TiO₂ composite coatings produced using an acidic hypophosphite-reduced electroless nickel bath, using EIS. The study makes evident that the same fundamental reaction is occurring on all the coatings of the present study but over a different effective area in each case. The charge transfer resistance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P composite deposits are in the range 32,253–90,700 Ω cm², whereas the capacitances of these coatings are in the range 11–17 μF/cm². The improved corrosion resistance obtained for electroless Ni-P and Ni-P composite coatings is due to the enrichment of phosphorus on the electrode surface, which enables the preferential hydrolysis of phosphorus over that of nickel. The better corrosion resistance obtained for electroless Ni-P composite coatings can be ascribed to the decrease in the effective metallic area prone to corrosion. Among the three electroless Ni-P composite coatings, the corrosion resistance is in the following order: Ni-P-CeO₂=Ni-P-Si₃N₄>Ni-P-TiO₂. Electronic Publication