聚醚醚酮复合材料表面生物活性涂层的制备与性能

以聚醚醚酮/钡玻璃粉(PEEK-BGF)复合材料为基体, 通过硅烷偶联剂, 在复合材料表面构建具有生物活性的纳米羟基磷灰石(nHA)和甲基丙烯酸酯基的光固化树脂复合涂层. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了材料表面形貌和元素分布, 测试了涂层与复合材料之间的粘接强度. 通过检测大鼠成骨细胞总蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶表达水平, 评价新型光固化纳米羟基磷灰石/聚甲基丙烯酸酯(nHA/PMMA)复合涂层的生物活性. 研究结果表明, nHA填充的光固化复合材料形成粗糙的表面, 随着nHA的填充量提高, 涂层表面生物学活性得到提高.     

纳米金/银修饰的空心/杂化微球的制备及其作为综合性能优异的三维拉曼增强基底的研究

以带正电的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板分别制备出表面层为二氧化硅的杂化微球(PS@Si O2)及空心二氧化硅微球(HSSi,hollow spheres of Si O2).利用巯基硅烷偶联剂的桥联作用将金或银纳米粒子修饰到二氧化硅壳层的外表面,制备出4种结构均匀、体积窄分布的复合粒子:(1)纳米金修饰在空心二氧化硅微球的外表面(HSSi-Au NPs);(2)纳米金修饰在实心的PS/二氧化硅杂化微球(PS为核、二氧化硅为壳层)的外表面(PS@Si O2-Au NPs);(3)纳米银修饰在空心二氧化硅微球的外表面(HSSi-Ag NPs)以及(4)纳米银修饰在实心的PS/二氧化硅杂化微球的外表面(PS@Si O2-Ag NPs).分别利用上述4种复合粒子作为拉曼增强(SERS)基底,并以结晶紫(CV)为探针分子对各基底的拉曼增强效果进行了研究,其CV检测限依次为10-10、10-9、10-11和10-11mol/L,均具有较高的灵敏度.结果表明,以空心二氧化硅微球作为载体的增强效果优于以实心的杂化微球作为载体的增强效果(HSSi-Au NPs对CV的检测限比PS@Si O2-Au NPs对CV的检测限低1个数量级;虽然HSSi-Ag NPs和PS@Si O2-Ag NPs对CV的检测限相同,但对于相同浓度的CV,前者所获得的信号要明显强于后者).多次随机的重复测试表明,上述4种基底均具有优良的重复性.将上述4种基底在实验室放置3个月后用于CV的检测,各个基底仍具有相近的拉曼增强效果,即上述4种SERS基底的稳定性良好.     

聚醚醚酮对AG-80树脂的增韧技术

采用熔融机械搅拌法制备了不同比例聚醚醚酮(PEEK)改性的AG-80树脂浇注体试样,对其弯曲性能、冲击强度和动态机械性能进行了测试,实验结果表明:随着聚醚醚酮含量增加,树脂的弯曲强度逐渐降低、弯曲模量几乎不变,冲击强度显著增大。     

邻苯二酚-四乙烯五胺改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维

应用Cat-TEPA改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维,在难黏附的纤维表面形成均匀涂层.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、示差扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)和静态接触角测试等手段对其结构和性能进行了表征,并通过单丝拔出实验研究改性前后纤维与环氧树脂之间的界面剪切强度(IFSS),探索了反应物配比、反应时间对表面性能的影响,并确定最佳改性条件.结果表明Cat-TEPA共沉积改性未影响纤维的结晶和热稳定性,改性后纤维表面浸润性得到改善,且适当增加反应时间和TEPA含量能够提高纤维和树脂之间的IFSS,当Cat-TEPA摩尔比为1:4,反应时间为24 h时效果最佳,与未改性纤维相比,界面剪切强度提升约44%.     

多巴胺表面改性碳纤维对PVDF/CF复合材料性能的影响

对碳纤维(CF)进行去浆处理,再利用多巴胺对CF改性,得到多巴胺改性CF(DARCF),添加马来酸酐接枝聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF-g-MAH),制备了DARCF增强PVDF-g-MAH复合材料(PVDF-g-MAH/DARCF)。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对CF表面的粗糙度、结构和官能团进行表征。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、界面接触角测试和力学性能测试对复合材料的界面、力学性能进行测试。结果表明:改性之后,DARCF表面粗糙度增加,与树脂的界面结合强度提高,PVDF-g-MAH/DARCF的弯曲强度和模量比未改性的PVDF/CF分别提高了71.3%和36.9%。     

碳纤维表面改性研究进展

碳纤维因其优异的综合性能常被用作树脂基体的增强材料.然而由于碳纤维与树脂基体之间的界面结合性能较差,其增强的复合材料的力学性能往往与理论值相差甚远,因此必须对碳纤维进行表面改性,以提高其与聚合物基体的界面粘结性能.本文作者综述了国内外关于碳纤维表面改性技术的研究进展,概述了涂层法、氧化法、高能辐射法等改性方法对碳纤维增强复合材料界面强度的改性效果.     

MMA接枝改性PVC/CaCO3纳米复合材料的力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC（PVC/CaCO3）复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,通过表面PMMA的接枝改性,可以显著提高纳米CaCO3增韧聚氯乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量,在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面PMMA包覆层厚度为2nm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量达到极大值.对比于未处理纳米CaCO3和钛酸酯偶联剂处理纳米CaCO3,PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC复合材料的拉伸强度得到较大幅度提高.SEM显示,经过PMMA接枝改性后的碳酸钙在PVC基体中分散均匀,与基体界面结合良好.     

纳米银/丙烯酸树脂水性墨水的制备

以电子加速器为辐射源、草酸银为银源,通过辐射还原法制备了清洁的纳米银粉,并将此纳米银产物不经分离提纯直接与丙烯酸树脂复合制备了水性墨水。作为对比,采用典型的化学还原法制备相同粒径的纳米银,经多次分离提纯后再与丙烯酸树脂复合制备水性墨水。采用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)与热重分析仪(TG)表征银粉的形貌及清洁性,并用万用表测试墨水涂层的导电性。结果表明,相比于化学法,辐射还原法制备的纳米银可直接与丙烯酸树脂复合得到水性墨水,该墨水具有良好的分散稳定性,固化后导电性优良,与基体有较强的附着力。     

仿生高分子界面涂层增强柔性电路黏附力和抗刮擦性能研究

柔性电路是柔性电子与可穿戴设备的重要组成部分,现有柔性电路稳定性与耐久性较差,使得其使用寿命与器件性能被限制.针对此难点,本文受贻贝启发,合成并优化多巴胺共聚物涂层,成功改性了聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、织物等不同柔性衬底的表面润湿性、黏附力与抗刮能力.结合丝网印刷技术和转印技术制成柔性电路,通过循环弯曲测试和抗刮擦测试证明经过该高分子涂层界面改性后制备的电路具有优异的稳定性.同时,这种新发展的表面改性方法具有低固化温度(60℃)、工艺简单高效、成本低等优点,结果表明,这种仿生化学表界面改性方法有望应用于柔性电子制造中,促进柔性电子的实用化.     

PMMA纳米球的制备及其银膜包覆技术

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了单分散、直径为170 nm左右的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)纳米球, 然后利用3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MATS)和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)对PMMA纳米球进行表面改性, 在其表面包覆一层均匀的巯基, 通过巯基与银离子之间的相互作用, 使银在PMMA纳米球表面成核长大, 从而合成PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子. 通过扫描电子显微镜、投射电子显微镜和紫外-可见吸收光谱测试技术对产物性能进行了表征, 研究结果表明, 制备的PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子的分散性好、包覆均匀.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.