稀土重轨钢的静态再结晶研究

通过Gleeble-1500D型热模拟机对REⅡ稀土重轨钢进行应变速率为5 s-1、变形量均为25%的双道次热压缩模拟试验,分别测定820,850,880,1000℃下的真应力-真应变曲线,采用后插法计算奥氏体等温变形后道次间隙时间1～1200 s内的软化率,研究REⅡ稀土重轨钢的静态再结晶规律。结果显示:当变形温度为>1000℃时,REⅡ重轨钢完成静态再结晶弛豫时间<90 s;当变形温度<820℃时,静态再结晶很难进行,即使弛豫时间延长至1000 s,再结晶百分数也只有38.8%;当变形温度为850和880℃时,再结晶过程会出现析出现象,对抑制静态再结晶的进行有影响,导致软化率曲线上出现了平台。     

CSP工艺条件下稀土对低碳结构钢热轧过程中再结晶行为的影响

为研究稀土在CSP连续轧制过程中对低碳结构钢再结晶行为影响,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,对加稀土和未加稀土的低碳结构钢进行了单道次、双道次热压缩实验,并且对加稀土和未加稀土的低碳结构钢进行CSP工艺的模拟,比较金相照片及真应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明:稀土提高了低碳结构钢的动态再结晶临界应变εD,在一定温度下降低静态软化率;并且在CSP热轧过程中采用加入稀土的方法,最终获得较未加稀土试样更为细小的晶粒组织。     

基于CSP工艺铽对Q345B再结晶的影响

以CSP工艺生产的Q345热轧钢板为研究对象,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机进行单、双道次轧制模拟实验,研究了稀土铽(Tb)对Q345B钢再结晶行为的影响.结果表明,稀土铽(Tb)能够明显地推迟Q345B钢的动态再结晶,使对应峰值应力在低温轧制时提高约10%,而对980℃以上时的峰值应力影响不明显;980℃以上轧制时,稀土铽(Tb)能够明显的降低间隔时间1.5 s时的静态软化率,但随间隔时间的增加,稀土铽(Tb)对静态软化率的影响减弱;加入稀土铽能够提高完全再结晶区温度,扩大部分再结晶区.     

Mg-Gd-Sc-Mn耐热镁合金的热变形行为

采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-10．2Gd-0．8Se-1．7Mn合金在温度为573～773K、应变速率为0．001～1s^-1、最大变形程度为60％的条件下,进行高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了合金流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了高温变形时的变形激活能和应力指数,为选择这种合金的热变形加工条件提供实验依据。采用金相显微镜分析了合金在不同温度下压缩变形的组织演变。结果表明：合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,在恒定应变速率的条件下,合金的真应力随温度的升高而降低;合金的变形激活能随着变形温度的升高而增大,特别是在723K时迅速增大。合金在变形过程中发生了不同程度的动态再结晶,变形温度和变形速率对合金再结晶组织有明显的影响。根据实验分析,合金的热加工宜在673～723K范围内进行。     

铈对IF钢热变形行为的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对Ce微合金化IF钢在变形温度790~950℃,应变速率0.1~5 s-1,变形量50%条件下进行了单道次压缩试验,研究了变形条件对试验钢热变形行为的影响,结合热模拟组织金相分析及双曲正弦本构方程、动态再结晶动力学方程分析了钢中Ce含量对IF钢动态再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的增加,试验钢的变形抗力增大;添加Ce后,试验钢的热变形激活能增大,由122.92 kJ·mol-1增加到182.75 kJ·mol-1;Avrami方程指数kd由3.796减小到3.377,动态再结晶分数Xd也相应减小,动态再结晶被抑制,并随着钢中Ce含量的增加,抑制作用越显著。     

Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Ce合金热压缩力学行为及热加工图

Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Ce合金在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上进行高温等温压缩试验以探讨其在高温热压缩过程中的变形行为,变形温度和应变速率分别为550~900℃和0.001~10 s-1。结果表明:合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小、随应变速率的提高而增大,在热压缩过程中发生了动态回复和再结晶。根据动态材料模型绘制该合金的热加工图并加以分析,结合微观组织演变规律,可确定该合金热变形过程的最佳工艺参数为:变形温度800~900℃,应变速率范围0.001~0.1 s-1。     

铈对低铬铁素体不锈钢晶粒和碳化物的影响

冶炼不同铈含量的低铬铁素体不锈钢, 锻造后采用不同的热处理制度进行热处理, 在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察其组织. 实验结果表明: 铈可抑制试验钢的静态再结晶, 提高再结晶温度, 细化晶粒, 晶粒平均尺寸由50 μm下降到19 μm;添加铈后不锈钢中的碳化物更细小、弥散. 分析其机理: 固溶铈在晶界的偏聚可起到对晶界的拖拽作用, 降低晶界的迁移速度, 影响再结晶行为;碳化物容易在晶界析出, 细晶造成晶界增加, 使得碳化物更细小、弥散.     

高锆含量Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金热变形行为研究

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机,在温度为550,650,750,850,900℃,应变速率为0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10 s~(-1)的条件下,对Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金的高温变形过程中的流变应力进行研究,分析了动态再结晶的演变机制。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对合金的流变应力有显著的影响,在550~750℃之间具有典型的动态回复特征,850~900℃具有动态再结晶热变形特征。通过流变应力、应变速率和变形温度之间的关系,建立高温热变形流变应力本构方程,得到合金的热激活能为430.51 k J·mol~(-1),与纯铜热压缩变形过程相比,高Zr含量Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金热激活能提高了105%。     

Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Ce合金热变形行为与机制研究

通过Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,进行了Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Ce合金的等温压缩试验,变形温度范围为500～850℃,变形速率范围为0.001～10 s~(-1)。研究了不同条件下流变应力的变化规律、合金的热加工图以及合金变形机制,分析了变形温度、变形速率和流变应力之间的关系。结果表明:合金在热变形过程中,其真应力-真应变曲线表现出明显的加工硬化、动态回复和再结晶特点,随着变形温度的升高和变形速率的降低,其流变应力和峰值应力不断降低;可用双曲正弦本构关系来描述热变形过程中的流变应力,计算出合金热变形过程中的激活能为Q=281.47 kJ·mol~(-1),在此基础上构建了该合金的本构方程;合金在热变形过程中的最优加工参数为:变形温度800～850℃,变形速率0.001～0.1 s~(-1)。     

Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.6Zr合金热压缩变形与其微观组织

采用热压缩模拟试验,对Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.6Zr镁合金在350～450℃,变形程度为40%,变形速率在0.001～0.5s-1条件下的热压缩变形规律进行了研究,对变形后的微观组织进行了金相分析,对显微组织中的第二相进行了扫描能谱成分分析,对变形后试样的硬度进行了测试,根据热加工动态回复再结晶的特点和稀土合金相的作用,分析了该合金的微观组织结构和变形行为.结果表明:热压缩变形温度和速率对合金硬度值总的影响不大,但在相同温度下,有速率越大硬度越大的趋势;该合金在350℃,400℃时变形速率为0.1 s-1时晶粒异常粗大,在400℃变形速率大于0.5 s-1或变形温度450℃,变形速率为O.1 s -1下进行热压缩,该合金可以得到组织结构均匀和热塑性成型良好的匹配.     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.