SiC中间层对金刚石涂层硬质合金刀具膜 基界面结合性能的影响

基于第一性原理分别计算了WC-Co/Graphite/Diamond、WC-Co/SiCC-Si/Diamond和WC-Co/SiCSi-C/Diamond界面模型的粘附功、断裂韧性,分析了电子结构和态密度.结果表明:Graphite/Diamond界面粘附功极小,金刚石在石墨基面上成核不良;WC-Co/Graphite界面处Co与C(Graphite)原子具有同种电荷而相斥,添加SiC中间层改变了界面处原子的电荷分配与成键方式,WC-Co/SiC界面Co与C(或Si)原子具有异种电荷而相吸,且Co-Si(SiC)键强于Co-C(SiC)键;SiC/Diamond界面C(SiC)-C(Diamond)键强于Si(SiC)-C(Diamond)键.因此,三种界面模型中各界面的粘附功SiCSi-C/Diamond>SiCC-Si/Diamond>WC-Co/SiCSi-C>WC-Co/SiCC-Si>WC-Co/Graphite>Graphite/Diamond.总之,添加SiC中间层提高了金刚石涂层硬质合金刀具膜基界面结合性能.     

不同原子堆垛的WC(0001)/TiN(111)涂层界面的结合强度建模与分析

WC(0001)与TiN(111)涂层界面的结合强度取决于其界面性质.本文采用第一性原理讨论WC(0001)与TiN(111)界面的结合能、界面能、电子结构和成键情况.结果表明:(1)在所有考虑的终端界面之中,结合能从大到小依次为C-HCP-Ti界面(9.19 J/m2)、W-OT-Ti界面(4.28 J/m2)、W-OT-N界面(2.98 J/m2).(2)C-HCP-Ti界面存在强共价键,两者结合强度最强.W-OT-Ti界面存在共价键和部分金属键,结合强度次于C-HCP-Ti界面结合强度.对于W-OT-N,其界面结合强度为弱共价键,结合强度相对较弱.(3)在整个ΔμC范围内W-OT-Ti、W-OT-N和C-HCP-Ti三种界面的界面能为负,说明这三种界面具有超高稳定性.     

立方氮化硼(cBN)对Si3N4/cBN复合材料力学性能及Si3N4相变的影响

以不同粒径和含量的cBN在六面顶压机中高温高压制备了Si3N4/cBN复合材料.观察了样品的微观形貌、β-Si3N4含量,测试了抗弯强度和密度.结果发现,cBN颗粒形貌和分布状态对β-Si3N4颗粒生长有很大影响,cBN含量在一定范围内,随着cBN粒径的减小,试样的密度和抗弯强度增大.cBN含量达到70;时,由于出现大量“搭桥”结构,影响断面上的正应力和剪力,结果使材料抗弯强度减小.同时“搭桥”结构不利于试样的致密.实验结果对新型刀具材料Si3N4/cBN有指导意义.     

MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

研究了MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)三元烧结助剂体系对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加MgO-Al2O3-Lu2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷显微结构具有明显的双峰分布,晶粒较粗化,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为96.4;、14.59 GPa、964 MPa、7.64 MPa·m1/2;而添加MgO-Al2O3-Y2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷具有细化的显微结构,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为99.9;、15.29 GPa、758 MPa、6.60 MPa·m1/2.     

c-BN含量对(Ti,W)C/WC/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料力学性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料,分析了(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料的微观结构、元素成分和物相组成,研究了不同含量c-BN对(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料微观结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:适量添加c-BN 能有效细化颗粒,减少气孔等缺陷,提高材料的相对密度,(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料的断裂模式为穿/沿晶混合断裂模式;当c-BN含量为1wt;时,(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具的综合力学性能最优,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为769.32±10.21 MPa、6.69±0.18 MPa·m1/2和22.83±0.46 GPa.     

水基流延成型和热压烧结制备碳化硼陶瓷及性能研究

以工业碳化硼粉末为原料、采用Si3N4磨球磨损法引入Si3N4烧结助剂,采用水基流延成型和热压烧结方法制备了碳化硼陶瓷.研究了氧含量、分散剂、pH值等因素对B4C陶瓷浆料分散性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM等对碳化硼陶瓷的物相、显微结构和第二相分布进行了表征,并测试了样品的维氏硬度、断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量.结果表明:经醇洗后的碳化硼粉末中氧化硼含量降低,有利于B4C陶瓷浆料的分散稳定.采用球磨磨损引入了Si3N4粉,在B4C基体中通过原位反应形成第二相SiC和BN,SiC和BN第二相颗粒在B4C基体中弥散分布均匀.在2100 ℃热压烧结样品的维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别达到30.2 GPa、596.5 MPa、3.36 MPa·m1/2和362.3 GPa.     

X/g-C3N4(X=g-C3N4、AlN及GaN)异质结光催化活性的理论研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,研究了单层g-C₃N₄以及X/g-C₃N₄(X=g-C₃N₄、AlN及GaN)异质结的稳定性、电子结构、功函数及光学性质。结果表明,X/g-C₃N₄异质结的晶格失配率和晶格失配能极低,说明X/g-C₃N₄具有优异的稳定性。与单层g-C₃N₄相比,X/g-C₃N₄的带隙均减小,态密度的波峰和波谷均大幅提高且出现了红移现象,处于激发态的电子数量增加,使得电子跃迁变得更为容易,表明构建异质结有利于提高体系对可见光的响应能力。此外,X/g-C₃N₄的功函数均减小且在界面处形成了内建电场,有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,这对载流子的迁移以及光催化能力的提高大有裨益。其中,GaN/g-C₃N₄的功函数最小,在界面处存在电势差形成了内建电场且红移现象最明显,可推测GaN/g-C₃N₄的光催化性能最好。因此,本文提出的构建异质结是提高体系光催化活性的有效手段。     

13N超高纯锗单晶的制备与性能研究

13N超高纯锗单晶是制作超高纯锗探测器的核心材料。本文通过还原法获得还原锗锭,再由水平区熔法提纯获得12N高纯锗多晶,最后由直拉法生长得到13N超高纯锗单晶。通过低温霍尔测试、位错密度检测、深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)测试对13N超高纯锗单晶性能进行分析。低温霍尔测试结果显示,晶体头部截面平均迁移率为4.515×10⁴ cm²·V^-1·s^-1,载流子浓度为1.176×10¹⁰ cm^-3,导电类型为p型,位错密度为2 256 cm^-2;尾部截面平均迁移率为4.620×10⁴ cm²·V^-1·s^-1,载流子浓度为1.007×10¹⁰ cm^-3,导电类型为p型,位错密度为2 589 cm^-2。晶体深能级杂质浓度为1.843×10⁹ cm^-3。以上结果...     

Ti、V、Ni、Mo对CVD金刚石涂层形核影响

基于密度泛函理论,计算分析了CH₃基团在含有过渡金属元素Ti、V、Ni、Mo的孕镶金刚石颗粒硬质合金基底表面的吸附能、Mulliken电荷分布、电荷密度差和态密度(density of states, DOS)等一系列性质,研究Ti、V、Ni、Mo对孕镶金刚石颗粒硬质合金基底化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)金刚石涂层形核阶段的影响及其作用机理。计算结果表明:与CH₃基团在WC表面及金刚石表面的吸附相比,Ti、V、Ni、Mo与C原子间有较强的弱相互作用,这使得其对CH₃基团有更强的吸附能力(其中Ti>V>Mo>Ni);吸附能力大小与各原子的价电子结构相关,含有Ti元素的表面对CH₃的吸附最稳定;CH₃基团与Ni原子间更易发生电荷的转移形成共价键,Mo有利于促进CH₃基团的脱氢反应;形核阶段适当添加Ti、V、Ni、Mo这几种过渡金属元素将有利于增加形核密度,改善CVD金刚石膜基界面结合强度。     

拓扑半金属α2-Ti3Al(0001)表面的电子结构理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对α2-Ti3Al(0001)表面的电子结构进行计算.结果 表明:(1)α2-Ti3Al(0001)表面的表面能为2.03 J/m2,表面功函数为4.265 eV;(2)表面的总态密度在费米能级处达到极大值,系统呈现金属性,与块体的半金属差异明显,Ti-s、Ti-p和Al-s轨道受层数的影响较小,而Ti-d和Al-p轨道受层数的影响较大,均在费米能级处出现极大值;(3)能带结构未呈现块体的节线环,而是在费米能级附近以下的Γ点,出现一个类电子型的三带交叉点,在费米能级以上的Γ点,出现一个类空穴型的两带交叉点.     

Crystal and molecular structures oftrans-dichloro-(ethylene) (4-methylpyridine)platinum(II) andtrans-dichloro(ethylene) (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)platinum(II)

The crystal and molecular structures oftrans-[PtCl₂(C₂H₄)(4-MeC₅H₄N)] (I) andtrans-[PtCl₂(C₂H₄)(2,4,6-Me₃C₅H₂N)] (II) have been determined by single-crystal x-ray methods.I crystallizes in space groupP2₁/c witha= 4.991(1), b=21.658(3), c=10.675(3) Å, =110.17(2) °,Z=4;II is orthorhombic (Pbca) witha=10.295(6),b=12.393(8),c=20.370(10) Å,Z=8.Full-matrix least-squares refinements have given finalR factors of 0.053 (1520 reflections) forI and 0.042. (1412 reflections) forII. The intensities were recorded by counter methods, and only those reflections havingI>3(I) were used in the analyses.In both complexes, platinum is four-coordinate with the two chlorine atoms, the double bond of the ethylene, and the nitrogen atom of the substituted pyridine. The two structures are discussed in terms of the arrangement of the pyridine ligand with respect to the PtCl₂(C₂H₄) moiety.     

Synthesis, spectroscopy, and X-ray structures of fac-(CO)3(dppe)MnSC(S)H, fac-(CO)3(dppe)ReSC(S)H, fac-(CO)3(dppp)ReSC(S)H, and fac-(CO)3(dppb)ReSC(S)H

The monodentate dithioformato complexes, fac-(CO)₃(dppe)MnSC(S)H (1), fac- (CO)₃(dppe)ReSC(S)H (2), fac-(CO)₃(dppp)ReSC(S)H (3), and fac-(CO)₃ (dppb)ReSC(S)H (4), where dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp is 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and dppb is 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized from the treatment of the corresponding hydrides, fac-(CO)₃ (P-P)MSC(S)H with CS₂. Compounds 1–4 crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system: for 1, space group = P2₁/c, a = 15.3139(3) Å, b = 9.7297(4) Å, c = 19.0991(6) Å, = 105.928(1), V = 2736.5 ų, Z = 4; for 2, space group = P2₁/c, a = 15.6395(8) Å, b = 9.8182(5) Å, c = 19.4153(11) Å, = 106.741(1), V = 2854.9(3) ų, Z = 4; for 3, space group = P2₁/n, a = 11.3570(10) Å, b = 19.465(2) Å, c = 15.5702(14) Å, = 104.776(2), V = 3328.3(5) ų, Z = 4; and for 4, space group = C2/c, a = 32.078(2) Å, b = 10.4741(6) Å, c = 19.0608(9) Å, = 94.315(2), V = 6386.1(6) ų, Z = 8.     

Structure of (chloranilato)bis(tri-n-butylphosphine)palladium(II)

(Chloranilato)bis(tri-n-butylphosphine)palladium(II), [Pd(C₆Cl₂O₄){P(C₄H₉)₃}₂] (chloranilic acid=2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone): FW=718.02,P2₁/c,a=21.729(6),b=17.293(5),c=21.010(9) Å,=112.62(3)°,V=7287.42 ų,Z=8,D _c=1.309mg m^–3, Mo, =0.710730 Å,=0.76 mm^–1,F(000)=3008, finalR=0.087, 2594 observed reflections. Palladium is ligated by a distorted square planar P₂O₂ coordination sphere in the title compound. The two molecules per asymmetric unit differ in the arrangement of phosphine n-butyl chains, yielding two unique metal centers.     

Crystal structure of triphenylphosphine-(1-(di(trifluoromethyl)-hydroxymethyl)-cyclopentadienyl)-(1,2-di(carboxymethyl) ethylene-1-yl) ruthenium (0)

The structure of triphenylphosphine — (1 — (di(trifluoromethyl) — hydroxymethyl) — cyclopentadienyl) — (1,2 — di(carboxymethyl)ethylene — 1 — yl) — ruthenium (0) has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. This compound, [C₅ H₄(CF₃)2 COH] Ru(PPh₃)C2(CO₂Me)₂H, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP¯1 witha =10.131,b= 15.107,c= 10.798 Å, = 102.14, = 107.04, = 89.64° andZ = 2. The structure was refined by block-diagonal least-squares methods to a finalR value of 0.042, including hydrogen atoms. The compound contains a dicarboxymethylethylene ligand coordinated to ruthenium both through a ketonic oxygen and through a metal--carbon -bond. An intramolecular hydrogen bond is observed. Details of the structure are reported, and the structures of several Ru(0) complexes are compared.     

Triaquocalcium(18-crown-6) heptaiodopentacuprate(I), triaquostrontium(18-crown-6) heptaiodopentacuprate(I), and triaquozinc(18-crown-6) heptaiodopentacuprate(I)

Ca(H₂O)₃(18-crown-6)Cu₅I₇ (I), Sr(H₂O)₃(18-crown-6)Cu₅I₇ (II), and Zn(H₂O)₃(18-crown-6)Cu₅I₇ (III) are isostructural solids with a polymeric array of Cu₅I₇ stoichiometry. The repeat unit may be understood as a distorted tetrahedron of four copper(I) atoms, bridged on two faces and three edges by iodide atoms, bridged on an additional edge by an I–Cu–I sequence and linked in polymeric series by this copper atom and one of the face-bridging iodide atoms. The three solid materials display no emission in the visible when excited in the ultraviolet. Comparison with other polymeric cuprous iodide materials that do emit suggests that the quenching of the expected emission may stem from short Cu–Cu interactions (2.4–2.5 Å) that represent a bonding interaction.     

X-ray crystal structures ofcis-bis(diphenylphosphinamide)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) andtrans-bis(N-methyl diphenylphosphinamide)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)

The X-ray crystal structures ofcis-Mo(CO)₄(Ph₂PNH₂)₂,I, andtrans-Mo(CO)₄(Ph₂PNHMe)₂,II, are presented. ComplexI crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c(a=13.433(1),b=12.2719(8),c=17.318(2)Å;=109.79(1)°;V=2686.1(8)ų;Z=4). ComplexII crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP¯1 (a=6.9986(8),b=10.328(1),c=11.241(2)Å,=107.58(1)°,=91.76(1)°, =101.28(1)°,V=756.1(4)ų,Z=1). The molybdenum coordination geometry in each complex is a slightly distorted octahedron. The molybdenum-carbon bond lengths for the carbonyls trans to phosphorus in complexI are shorter than those the carbonyls trans to other carbonyls. The average molybdenum-phosphorus distance inI (2.525(5)Å) is similar to those in other diphenylphosphinamide complexes and longer than the molybdenum-phosphorus distance inII in 2.4585(7)Å). The distance between two nitrogen atoms incis Mo(CO)₄(Ph₂PNH₂)₂ (3.74(3)Å) is significantly larger than the sum of their van der Waals radii (3.10 Å) indicating that the two nitrogens are not hydrogen bonded.     

Molecular structure and spectral characteristics of bis(S-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methylendithiocarbazato)nickel(II), (Ni(NNS)2)

A nickel(II) complex of the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (HNNS) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic, space P2₁/c, with a = 14.092(2), b = 16.886(2), c = 8.857(2)Å; = 105.78(3) °, V = 2028.2(6) ų, and Z = 4. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated by two uninegatively charged tridentate Schiff base in a mer-configuration via the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom, and mecaptide sulfur atom.     

La0.5Sr0.5CoO3/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3铁电电容器的结构和性能研究

采用磁控溅射法和脉冲激光沉积法,在SrTiO3(001)衬底上制备了La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(70 nm)/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3(70 nm)/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(70 nm) (LSCO/PZT/LSCO)铁电电容器异质结.X射线衍射结果表明:LSCO和PZT薄膜均为外延结构.在5 V的外加电压下, LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器具有较低的矫顽电压(0.49 V),较高的剩余极化强度(41.7 μC/cm2 )和较低的漏电流密度(1.97×10-5 A/cm2),LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的最大介电常数为1073.漏电流的分析表明:当外加电压小于0.6 V时,电容器满足欧姆导电机制;当外加电压大于0.6 V时,符合空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)导电机制.     

Crystal structure of aquo (hydroxo) (ethylenediaminetetraacetato) sodium(I) tin(IV), NaSn(OH)(edta)(H2O)

NaSn(OH)(edta)(H₂O) is monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c, witha=9.747(3)Å,b=9.121(3)Å,c=16.430(6)Å, =98.69(4)°, ų, andZ=4. The coordination environment of Sn(IV) is a capped octahedron. Sn–O distances range from 1.990(6)Å to 2.351(7)Å. Na(I) is five coordinated to three different edta molecules. Na–O distances range from 2.283(9)Å to 2.414(7)Å. The edta ligand presents the E, G/R conformation. The crystal structure is composed of sheets parallel to (001): inside a sheet Sn(OH)(edta) molecules are connected to each other by the Na(I) interactions.     

Crystal and molecular structures of trans-bis(acetonitrile)bis(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) perchlorate and trans-diamminebis(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) perchlorate

The structures of trans-[(MeCN)₂(bpy)₂Ru](ClO₄)₂(I) andtrans-[(NH₃)₂(bpy)₂Ru](ClO₄)₂(II) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. (I) forms monoclinic crystals in the space groupP2₁/c witha=8.399(2),b=10.406(2),c=15.590(3) Å,=93.78(2)° andZ=2 atT=293 K. The final refinement gaveR=0.040 for 2448 reflections withF _o ² >3(F _o ² ). (II) crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP¯1 witha=1.702(1),b=8.439(2),c=10.525(2) Å,=107.56(2),=104.63(1), =100.89(2)° andZ=1 atT=293 K. Refinement using 1878 reflections withF _o ² >3(F _o ² ) produced a finalR value of 0.036. Both of these structures have the ruthenium atom located on a crystallographic inversion center. The bipyridine ligands in both structures are in the bowed conformation as a means of circumventing the steric problems associated with the trans arrangement of the bipyridine ligands. The Ru-N(monodentate) distance is longer for the ammonia complex (2.106(3) Å) than for the acetonitrile complex (2.008(4) Å); there are no significant differences in the distances and angles of the two Ru(bpy)₂ frameworks.