基于物理中面FGM简支梁的弯曲行为

基于一阶非线性梁理论,利用物理中面概念导出了FGM梁的基本方程,分析了热载荷作用下简支FGM梁的弯曲行为.当坐标面置于功能梯度材料(FGM)梁的物理中面上时,其本构方程中,面内力与弯矩并不耦合,使得问题的控制方程以及边界条件得以简化.分析中假设功能梯度材料性质只沿梁厚度方向、并按成分含量的幂指数形式变化;利用打靶法数值地求解了所得方程.数值结果表明:热载荷作用下,夹紧FGM梁发生过屈曲变形,而简支梁则发生较为复杂的热弯曲变形;在同一热载荷作用下,简支FGM梁将会产生三种构形问题;剪切变形对夹紧FGM梁的热变形影响比简支梁更明显.     

梯度多孔材料梁的非线性力学行为

基于经典梁理论以及物理中面概念,研究了机械载荷作用下梯度多孔材料梁的非线性弯曲及过屈曲问题。利用能量法导出了梯度多孔材料梁的基本方程,并用打靶法对其进行数值求解。假设梯度多孔材料性质只沿厚度方向变化,利用数值结果研究了两种不同材料模型下梯度多孔材料性质、外载荷、边界条件等因素对梯度多孔材料梁非线性弯曲及过屈曲行为的影响。数值结果表明:随着孔隙率的增大,梯度多孔材料梁的弯曲挠度增大,而且非对称材料模型下的结果高于对称材料模型下的结果;梯度多孔材料梁的临界屈曲载荷随孔隙率的增大而减小,而非对称材料模型下的结果低于对称材料模型下的结果。     

纵横载荷作用下功能梯度梁的弯曲和过屈曲

基于一阶非线性梁理论和物理中面概念,导出了纵横向载荷作用下功能梯度材料(FGM)梁非线性弯曲和过屈曲问题的控制方程,并获得了该问题的精确解;据此解研究了梯度材料性质、外载荷、横向剪切变形以及边界条件等因素对功能梯度材料梁非线性力学行为的影响,分析中假设功能梯度材料性质只沿梁厚度方向,并按成分含量的幂指数函数形式变化。结果表明:纵横载荷共同作用下,功能梯度梁的弯曲构形将有无限多个;随着梯度指数的增大,梁的变形减小,临界载荷升高;随着长高比的增大,横向剪切变形的影响减小。     

弹性地基上Euler-Bernoulli梁的热屈曲模态跃迁特性

采用解析方法研究了置于线性弹性地基上的Euler-Bernoulli梁在均匀升温载荷作用下的临界屈曲模态跃迁特性;分别在两端不可移简支和夹紧边界条件下,给出了弹性梁屈曲模态跃迁点的地基刚度值以及屈曲载荷值的精确表达式,并分析了模态跃迁特点.结果表明:随着地基刚度参数值的增大临界屈曲模态通过跃迁点从低阶次向高阶次跃迁;两端简支梁的模态跃迁具有突变特性,而两端夹紧梁的模态跃迁则是一个缓慢变化过程,它是通过端截面的弯矩或曲率的正负号改变实现的.     

剪切可变形多孔梯度梁屈曲的解析解

多孔梯度梁具有优异的力学性能,受到研究者的广泛关注．然而,同时考虑轴线可伸长和剪切可变形效应的多孔梁屈曲问题尚未得到充分重视．基于屈曲控制方程和泰勒级数展开方法,推导出四种典型边界约束条件下多孔梁屈曲临界载荷的解析表达式．然后,定义轴线可伸长和剪切可变形作用的影响系数,并分别考虑影响系数,孔隙率和孔隙分布对屈曲临界载荷的影响．结果表明,影响系数会降低梁的屈曲临界载荷;孔隙率越大,临界屈曲载荷越小．此外,合理设计孔隙分布有助于提高多孔梁的稳定性．     

弹性地基上多孔功能梯度材料矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷分析

多孔功能梯度材料(FGM)构件的特性与孔隙率和孔隙分布形式有密切关系。本文基于经典板理论,考虑不同孔隙分布形式时修正的混合率模型,研究Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷特性。首先利用Hamilton原理和物理中面的定义推导Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板自由振动的控制微分方程并进行无量纲化,然后应用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程和边界条件进行变换,得到计算无量纲固有频率和临界屈曲载荷的代数特征方程。将问题退化为孔隙率为零时的FGM矩形板并与已有文献进行对比以验证其有效性。最后计算并分析了梯度指数、孔隙率、地基刚度系数、长宽比、四边受压载荷及边界条件对多孔FGM矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响以及各参数对无量纲临界屈曲载荷的影响。     

受火作用铝合金梁的临界温度及其参数分析

基于ANSYS数值模拟结果,首次对铝合金梁在火荷载作用下的响应行为进行模拟。系统比较了简支、铰支、固支、一端固支另一端简支等几种典型边界约束条件下铝合金梁的抗火特性,着重讨论了各自的临界温度并与已有规范进行了对比,在此基础上考察了端部约束条件、载荷比、载荷类型等因素对铝合金梁弯曲屈曲失效行为的影响。结果表明:设计规范公式计算出的临界温度偏于保守,比有限元结果低2.5%~16.7%,而有限元更能反映真实情况;对于不同的约束情形,铰支梁的抗火能力最强,其次是固支梁,简支梁的抗火能力最差;载荷比越大,铝合金梁的临界温度越低,抗火能力越弱,载荷比由0.3增加到0.7时,简支梁和一端固支另一端简支梁的临界温度减小约43℃,固支和铰支梁的临界温度分别减小37℃和30℃;载荷类型对铝合金梁的影响较小。本文研究为铝合金结构抗火设计提供了理论依据。     

热荷载作用下Timoshenko功能梯度夹层梁的静态响应

在精确考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形的基础上建立了Timoshenko功能梯度夹层梁在热载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程.采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了两端固支功能梯度夹层梁在横向非均匀升温作用下的静态热过屈曲和热弯曲变形数值解.分析了功能梯度材料参数变化、不同表层厚度和升温参数对夹层梁弯曲变形、拉-弯耦...     

功能梯度变截面梁自由振动和稳定性研究

基于忽略了梁截面剪切变形和转动惯量效应的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,研究了轴向力作用下轴向功能梯度变截面梁的横向自由振动问题,将轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率和临界荷载的计算转化为变系数常微分方程特征值问题。运用插值矩阵法可一次性计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁各阶振动固有频率和临界荷载,分析了轴向荷载对轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率的影响,即轴向压力使梁的第1阶固有频率降低,轴向拉力使梁的第1阶固有频率增大。在简支-简支梁(H-H)边界条件下、不同截面宽锥度系数c_b和截面高锥度系数c_h,且区间划分点数n为40时,本文计算结果与已有文献计算结果之间的最大相对误差不超过0.00768%;在简支-简支梁(H-H)、固端-自由梁(C-F)、固端-固端梁(C-C)这三种不同边界条件下,不同c_b和c_h,且n为40时,最大相对误差不超过0.101%,说明了本文方法的有效性和良好的计算精度。     

受火作用单对称截面钢梁的侧向弯扭屈曲分析

通过非线性有限元通用程序 ANSYS 进行数值分析,首次对单轴对称钢梁在火载荷作用下发生的侧向弯扭屈曲行为进行系统的参数研究,主要考察载荷比、跨度、端部约束条件、温度梯度等因素对钢梁弯扭屈曲失效行为的影响.结果发现:钢梁发生侧向弯扭屈曲的临界温度随温度梯度的增加而提高,但随着载荷比的增大而降低;悬链作用对侧向弯扭屈曲的影响可以忽略;固支梁的抗火性能要优于简支梁;对于两种梁的跨度情形(3m和6m),跨度较大时具有突变特性的侧向弯曲屈曲难以发生,但这种跨度变化并未改变侧向弯扭屈曲这一重要失效形式.     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

粘贴压电层功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的热过屈曲分析

研究了上下表面粘贴压电层的功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁在升温及电场作用下的过屈曲行为。在精确考虑轴线伸长和一阶横向剪切变形的基础上,建立了压电功能梯度Timoshenko层合梁在热-电-机械载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程。其中,假设功能梯度的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化,压电层为各向同性均匀材料。采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了在均匀电场和横向非均匀升温场内两端固定Timoshenko梁的静态非线性屈曲和过屈曲数值解。并给出了梁的变形随热、电载荷及材料梯度参数变化的特性曲线。结果表明,通过施加电压在压电层产生拉应力可以有效地提高梁的热屈曲临界载荷,延缓热过屈曲发生。由于材料在横向的非均匀性,即使在均匀升温和均匀电场作用下,也会产生拉-弯耦合效应。但是对于两端固定的压电-功能梯度材料梁,在横向非均匀升温下过屈曲变形仍然是分叉形的。     

功能梯度变曲率曲梁的几何非线性模型及其数值解

基于弹性曲梁平面问题的精确几何非线性理论,建立了功能梯度变曲率曲梁在机械和热载荷共同作用下的无量纲控制方程和边界条件,其中基本未知量均被表示为变形前的轴线坐标的函数。以椭圆弧曲梁为例,采用打靶法求解非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题,获得了两端固定功能梯度椭圆弧曲梁在横向非均匀升温下的热弯曲变形数值解,分析了材料梯度指数、温度参数、结构几何参数等对曲梁受力及变形的影响。     

Nonlinear bending behavior of 3D braided rectangular plates subjected to transverse loads in thermal environments

Nonlinear bending behavior of 3D braided rectangular plates subjected to transverse loads is investigated. A new micro-macro-mechanical model of unit cells is suggested. In this model, a 3D braided composite may be considered as a cell system and the geometry of each cell is deeply dependent on its position in the cross-section of the plate. The material properties of the epoxy are expressed as a linear function of temperature. Based on Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equations, analytical solutions for nonlinear bending behavior of simply supported 3D braided rectangular plates are obtained using mixed Galerkin-perturbation method. The numerical examples concern effects of geometric parameters, of fiber volume fraction, braiding angle and load boundary condition.     

Large deflection of a non-linear,elastic, asymmetric Ludwick cantilever beam subjected to horizontal force,vertical force and bending torque at the free end

The investigated cantilever beam is characterized by a constant rectangular cross-section and is subjected to a concentrated constant vertical load, to a concentrated constant horizontal load and to a concentrated constant bending torque at the free end. The same beam is made by an elastic non-linear asymmetric Ludwick type material with different behavior in tension and compression. Namely the constitutive law of the proposed material is characterized by two different elastic moduli and two different strain exponential coefficients. The aim of this study is to describe the deformation of the beam neutral surface and particularly the horizontal and vertical displacements of the free end cross-section. The analysis of large deflection is based on the Euler–Bernoulli bending beam theory, for which cross-sections, after the deformation, remain plain and perpendicular to the neutral surface; furthermore their shape and area do not change. On the stress viewpoint, the shear stress effect and the axial force effect are considered negligible in comparison with the bending effect. The mechanical model deduced from the identified hypotheses includes two kind of non-linearity: the first due to the material and the latter due to large deformations. The mathematical problem associated with the mechanical model, i.e. to compute the bending deformations, consists in solving a non-linear algebraic system and a non-liner second order ordinary differential equation. Thus a numerical algorithm is developed and some examples of specific results are shown in this paper.     

点支撑预应力中厚矩形板的弯曲

基于Reissner-Mindlin一阶剪切变形板理论，讨论在预加面内机械荷载或温度场作用下，点支撑中厚矩形板的弯曲问题。温度场假定沿板表面为均布，沿板厚方向为线性分布的。利用考虑剪切变形影响的Timoshenko梁函数，采用Rayleigh-Ritz法给出不同边界条件下点支撑中厚板在横向荷载作用下的挠度和弯矩分布。结果表明，均匀温度场与预加面内压力将使板的挠度和弯矩增加。支撑点位置的变化、边界约束条件和横向剪切变形效应都对板的内力大小和分布有显著影响。     

Analysis for the thermoelastic bending of a functionally graded material cylindrical shell

An analytic study for thermoelastic bending of a functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shell subjected to a uniform transverse mechanical load and non-uniform thermal loads is presented. Based on the classical linear shell theory, the equations with the radial deflection and horizontal displacement are derived out. An arbitrary material property of the FGM cylindrical shell is assumed to vary through the thickness of the cylindrical shell, and exact solution of the problem is obtained by using an analytic method. For the FGM cylindrical shell with fixed and simply supported boundary conditions, the effects of mechanical load, thermal load and the power law exponent on the deformation of the FGM cylindrical shell are analyzed and discussed.     

Bending and stability analysis of gradient elastic beams

The problems of bending and stability of Bernoulli–Euler beams are solved analytically on the basis of a simple linear theory of gradient elasticity with surface energy. The governing equations of equilibrium are obtained by both a combination of the basic equations and a variational statement. The additional boundary conditions are obtained by both variational and weighted residual approaches. Two boundary value problems (one for bending and one for stability) are solved and the gradient elasticity effect on the beam bending response and its critical (buckling) load is assessed for both cases. It is found that beam deflections decrease and buckling load increases for increasing values of the gradient coefficient, while the surface energy effect is small and insignificant for bending and buckling, respectively.