纸浆纤维悬浮液物性参数对流动特性的影响

分析了纸浆的物性参数对两相流动模拟的影响，这些物性参数主要包括浆流种类、纤维的尺寸等参数，通过Phoen—ics软件的模拟得出结论，对于同类型的纸浆而言，随着浓度的增大，流体的速度梯度增大，剪切应力增大，径向浓度差增大；对于不同类型的纸浆，木浆的剪切应力大于同样浓度草浆的剪切应力；管道中浓度分布呈中心高，壁面低的单调递减趋势，很不均匀；对于不同类型的纸浆，草浆的径向浓度差小于木浆的径向浓度差．     

高压下液体微管道流动的摄动分析

应用参数摄动法对可压缩N-S方程进行渐近展开,并取其零阶近似对高压下微管道液体流动特性进行了分析．对任意截面形状和面积的微管道,在等温流动假设下将其截面形状、滑移长度等对解的贡献转化为求解该截面的格林函数,并给出等截面圆形微管道流动的零阶近似解．以此分析可压缩性、黏性以及壁面滑移等因素对高压下液体微管道流动特性的影响,进一步揭示了高压驱动下液体微管道流动偏离经典Hagen-Poiseuille(HP)理论的原因．      

汶川大地震后水坝建设中若干问题的思考

应用参数摄动法对可压缩N-S方程进行渐近展开,并取其零阶近似对高压下微管道液体流动 特性进行了分析．对任意截面形状和面积的微管道,在等温流动假设下将其截面形状、滑移 长度等对解的贡献转化为求解该截面的格林函数,并给出等截面圆形微管道流动的零阶近似 解．以此分析可压缩性、黏性以及壁面滑移等因素对高压下液体微管道流动特性的影响,进 一步揭示了高压驱动下液体微管道流动偏离经典Hagen-Poiseuille(HP)理论的原因．     

橡皮薄膜缺口顶端场的大变形分析

分析了橡皮类薄膜缺口顶端的弹性场，借助于文［１］引入的本构关系得到了缺口顶端场的渐近方程．通过将缺日顶端场划分为收缩角区和扩张角区，得到了顶端场的解．该解表明，奇异特性与本构参数和缺口角度有关，这一结论得到了数值解的证实．     

饱和蒸发和热毛细力作用下低雷诺数液膜在波纹竖壁上的流动

考虑表面蒸发压力和热毛细力作用情况下,对饱和蒸发状态下低雷诺数自由降落液膜在小波幅正弦型波纹壁面上的流动进行理论分析。对控制微分方程及边界条件进行量纲一化并引入流函数,对微分方程及边界条件进行摄动展开,得到了这种情况下液膜流动的简化分析模型,求出了近似解析解。讨论了壁面波纹、表面张力、蒸发压力、热毛细力对液膜流动的影响。研究表明:液膜的波动幅度随蒸发强度和热毛细力的增大而增大;液膜波动与壁面波纹的相位差随蒸发强度增大而增大,随热毛细力增大而减小。     

可压缩流体的Rayleigh-Taylor和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性

在状态方程为压力是密度的任意单值函数形式情况下，运用小扰动分析和奇异摄动法，给出了流体微扰方程渐近解和界面不稳定性的色散关系. 分析表明：对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性，在重力场作用下流体可压缩性形成的密度分布是致稳因素；而扰动流体的膨胀收缩效应助长不稳定性的发展；上层重流体的可压缩性是稳定因素，下层轻流体可压缩性是失稳因素. 而对Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性，流体可压缩性助长扰动的发展，是不稳定因素.     

考虑轴力二阶效应的损伤梁弯曲摄动解

将损伤梁等效为阶梯型变刚度Euler-Bernoulli梁，利用Heaviside广义函数，给出了阶梯型变刚度梁抗弯刚度的统一表达式．在此基础上，考虑轴向压力二阶效应，并以损伤为摄动参数，得到了均布横向载荷作用下，简支损伤梁弯曲挠度的一阶和二阶摄动解析解，并数值分析了摄动解析解的精度和损伤梁的弯曲变形特性，结果表明：随着轴向压力和刚度损伤参数的增加，挠度一阶和二阶摄动解析解误差增加，挠度二阶摄动解析解误差通常小于其一阶摄动解析解误差，且二阶摄动解的误差很小，满足工程应用的精度．同时，损伤梁的挠度和转角分布与完整梁的挠度和转角分布差异较大，在刚度变化位置处损伤梁转角斜率存在突变．这些结果可为轴力作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁损伤识别提供理论支撑．     

双均值逼近屈服准则解析含腐蚀缺陷管道爆破压力

通过对Tresca和TSS屈服边长和边心距的均值同时进行逼近,建立了一个线性屈服准则,称为双均值逼近屈服准则.该准则在π平面上是一个等边非等角的十二边形,位于Mises圆内部.利用该准则对受内压作用的管道进行塑性极限分析,导出了含腐蚀缺陷管道爆破压力的解析解.该解析解是管材屈强比(σY/σT)、原始管道厚径比(t0/D0)、抗拉强度σT以及缺陷深度比(d0/t0)的函数.对比表明,该解析解所预测爆破压力与已有模拟和实验数据吻合较好.影响参数的定量分析表明,爆破压力随着屈强比或原始管道厚径比的增大而增大,随着缺陷深度比的增加而减小.所建立的爆破压力解析解对于管道的选材、设计以及安全评估具有重要意义.     

航空薄壁弧形结构件喷丸强化变形预测

喷丸强化是一种有效提高工件抗疲劳性能的表面处理工艺，经喷丸强化处理后的航空薄壁弧形结构件发生变形是航空制造领域的共性难题．本文基于变截面曲梁平面弯曲理论，建立了弧形件喷丸诱导应力与变形方程，将得到的构件最大变形与有限元方法计算结果进行对比，所建立理论模型能有效预测弧形件喷丸强化后的变形．讨论了喷丸压力和喷丸区域对喷丸变形的影响，结果表明：喷丸强化工艺仅作用于弧形件腹板表面时，弧形件变形以径向收缩为主；喷丸强化工艺仅作用于弧形件筋板表面时，弧形件变形以径向扩张为主；与局部喷丸相比，对弧形件所有表面喷丸强化时，弧形件弯曲变形减小，轴向伸长增大．     

浮力对混合对流流动及换热特性的影响

用热线和冷线相结合的技术测量垂直圆管内逆混合对流流体的平均速度、 温度以及它们的脉动. 较详细地研究了浮力对逆混合对流的流动特性和传热特性的影响. 评 估了实验中采用的冷线测量温度补偿速度探头温度敏感的影响. 逆混合对流的传热结果用无 量纲参数Ω (Ω= Grd / Red2 )来表示，其中，基于管道直 径的雷诺数Red变化范围为900~18000, 浮力参数Ω变化范围为 0.004899~0.5047. 研究结果表明，浮力对逆混合对流的换热有强化作用. 随着葛拉晓夫数Grd的增加，温度脉动，流向雷诺正应力和流向温度通量增 大，并且在靠近壁面的流体区域尤其明显. 热线与冷线相结合的技术适合于研究非绝热的流 动测量，可以用于研究浮力对流动和换热特性的影响.     

Asymptotic solutions of the flow of a Johnson-Segalman fluid through a slowly varying pipe using double perturbation strategy

A double perturbation strategy is presented to solve the asymptotic solutions of a Johnson-Segalman (J-S) fluid through a slowly varying pipe. First, a small parameter of the slowly varying angle is taken as the small perturbation parameter, and then the second-order asymptotic solution of the flow of a Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe is obtained in the first perturbation strategy. Second, the viscoelastic parameter is selected as the small perturbation parameter in the second perturbation strategy to solve the asymptotic solution of the flow of a J-S fluid through a slowly varying pipe. Finally, the parameter effects, including the axial distance, the slowly varying angle, and the Reynolds number, on the velocity distributions are analyzed. The results show that the increases in both the axial distance and the slowly varying angle make the axial velocity slow down. However, the radial velocity increases with the slowly varying angle, and decreases with the axial distance. There are two special positions in the distribution curves of the axial velocity and the radial velocity with different Reynolds numbers, and there are different trends on both sides of the special positions. The double perturbation strategy is applicable to such problems with the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe.     

Perturbation solutions for asymmetric laminar flow in porous channel with expanding and contracting walls

The cases of large Reynolds number and small expansion ratio for the asym- metric laminar flow through a two-dimensional porous expanding channel are considered. The Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to a nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation by introducing a time and space similar transformation. A singular perturbation method is used for the large suction Reynolds case to obtain an asymptotic solution by matching outer and inner solutions. For the case of small expansion ratios, we are able to obtain asymptotic solutions by double parameter expansion in either a small Reynolds number or a small asymmetric parameter. The asymptotic solutions indicate that the Reynolds number and expansion ratio play an important role in the flow behavior. Nu- merical methods are also designed to confirm the correctness of the present asymptotic solutions.     

Flow of viscoelastic fluids through a porous channel—I

The flow of viscoelastic fluids through a porous channel with one impermeable wall is computed. The flow is characterized by a boundary value problem in which the order of the differential equation exceeds the number of boundary conditions. Three solutions are developed: (i) an exact numerical solution, (ii) a perturbation solution for small R, the cross-flow Reynold's number and (iii) an asymptotic solution for large R. The results from exact numerical integration reveal that the solutions for a non-Newtonian fluid are possible only up to a critical value of the viscoelastic fluid parameter, which decreases with an increase in R. It is further demonstrated that the perturbation solution gives acceptable results only if the viscoelastic fluid parameter is also small. Two more related problems are considered: fluid dynamics of a long porous slider, and injection of fluid through one side of a long vertical porous channel. For both the problems, exact numerical and other solutions are derived and appropriate conclusions drawn.     

Entropy analysis for third grade fluid flow with Vogel model viscosity in annular pipe

The steady-state flow of a third grade fluid between concentric circular cylinders is considered and entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer in the annular pipe is examined. Depending upon the fluid viscosity, entropy generation in the flow system varies. The third grade fluid is employed to account for the non-Newtonian effect while Vogel model is accommodated for temperature-dependent viscosity. The analysis is based on perturbation technique. The closed form solutions for velocity, temperature and entropy fields are presented. Entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer in the flow system is formulated. The influence of viscosity parameters A and B on the entropy generation number is investigated. It is found that entropy generation number reduces with increasing viscosity parameter A, which is more pronounced in the region close to the annular pipe inner wall and opposite is true for increasing viscosity parameter B.     

Rotating electroosmotic flow of an Eyring fluid

A perturbation analysis is presented in this paper for the electroosmotic(EO) flow of an Eyring fluid through a wide rectangular microchannel that rotates about an axis perpendicular to its own. Mildly shear-thinning rheology is assumed such that at the leading order the problem reduces to that of Newtonian EO flow in a rotating channel, while the shear thinning effect shows up in a higher-order problem.Using the relaxation time as the small ordering parameter,analytical solutions are deduced for the leading-as well as first-order problems in terms of the dimensionless Debye and rotation parameters. The velocity profiles of the Ekman–electric double layer(EDL) layer, which is the boundary layer that arises when the Ekman layer and the EDL are comparably thin, are also deduced for an Eyring fluid. It is shown that the present perturbation model can yield results that are close to the exact solutions even when the ordering parameter is as large as order unity. By this order of the relaxation time parameter, the enhancing effect on the rotating EO flow due to shear-thinning Eyring rheology can be significant.     

The axisymmetric long-wave interfacial stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluid with surfactant

The long wave stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluids with an axial pressure gradient is investigated at low Reynolds number. The interface between the two fluids is populated with an insoluble surfactant. The analytic solution for the growth rate of perturbation is obtained with long wave approximation. We are mainly concerned with the effects of shear-thinning/thickening property and interfacial surfactant on the flow stability. The results show that the influence of shear-thinning/thickening property accounts to the change of the capillary number. For a clean interface, the shear-thinning property enhances the capillary instability when the interface is close to the pipe wall. The converse is true when the interface is close to the pipe centerline. For shear-thickening fluids, the situation is reversed. When the interface is close to the pipe centerline, the capillary instability can be restrained due to the influence of surfactant. A parameter set can be found under which the flow is linearly stable.     

Asymptotic solutions for the asymmetric flow in a channel with porous retractable walls under a transverse magnetic field

The self-similarity solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are constructed for an incompressible laminar flow through a uniformly porous channel with retractable walls under a transverse magnetic field. The flow is driven by the expanding or contracting walls with different permeability. The velocities of the asymmetric flow at the upper and lower walls are different in not only the magnitude but also the direction. The asymptotic solutions are well constructed with the method of boundary layer correction in two cases with large Reynolds numbers, i.e., both walls of the channel are with suction, and one of the walls is with injection while the other one is with suction. For small Reynolds number cases, the double perturbation method is used to construct the asymptotic solution. All the asymptotic results are finally verified by numerical results.     

Computation of flow of viscoelastic fluids by parameter differentiation

A technique combining the features of parameter differentiation and finite differences is presented to compute the flow of viscoelastic fluids. Two flow problems are considered: (i) three-dimensional flow near a stagnation point and (ii) axisymmetric flow due to stretching of a sheet. Both flows are characterized by a boundary value problem in which the order of the differential equation exceeds the number of boundary conditions. The exact numerical solutions are obtained using the technique described in the paper. Also, the first-order perturbation solutions (in terms of the viscoelastic fluid parameter) are derived. A comparison of the results shows that the perturbation method is inadequate in predicting some of the vital characteristic features of the flows, which can possibly be revealed only by the exact numerical solution.     

Generalized flow analysis of non-Newtonian visco-elastic fluid flow through fractal reservoir

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Convective heat transfer for viscoelastic fluid in a curved pipe

In this paper, fully developed convective heat transfer of viscoelastic flow in a curved pipe under the constant heat flux at the wall is investigated analytically using a perturbation method. Here, the curvature ratio is used as the perturbation parameter and the Oldroyd-B model is applied as the constitutive equation. In the previous studies, the Dirichlet boundary condition for the temperature at the wall has been used to simplify the solution, but here exactly the non-homogenous Neumann boundary condition is considered to solve the problem. Based on this solution, the non-axisymmetric temperature distribution of Dean flow is obtained analytically and the effect of flow parameters on the flow field is investigated in detail. The current analytical results indicate that increasing the Weissenberg number, viscosity ratio, curvature ratio, and Prandtl number lead to the increase of the heat transfer in the Oldroyd-B fluid flow.