失谐周期结构中振动局部化问题的研究进展

周期结构在工程中有很多应用实例, 其具有频率通带和禁带等特殊力学性质. 失谐可使周期结构的力学特性产生本质变化, 即失谐周期结构中存在振动局部化现象.局部化破坏了周期结构模态的规则性, 在外激励下会使结构某些部位的响应幅值过大, 产生能量积聚, 甚至导致结构发生疲劳破坏. 因此分析失谐周期结构中振动和能量的传播方式与规律具有重要的理论与实际意义, 可以为重要子结构的振动控制和减振设计提供理论依据. 针对一维直线型周期结构、循环周期结构以及二维周期结构等, 综述了其中的振动局部化问题的研究现状,主要集中于力学模型的建立、振动局部化问题的研究内容、分析方法和主要研究结果等, 并提出了值得进一步研究的问题.      

A two scale method for modulated vibration modes of large,nearly repetitive,structuresUne méthode asymptotique à deux échelles pour les modes de vibrations modulés des longues structures presque répétitives

Nearly repetitive structures can present at least two kinds of vibration modes: localized modes and modulated ones. In this Note, the multiple scale method is applied to characterize a packet of modulated modes. In this respect, only small size problems are to be solved: periodic problems posed on a few basic cells and amplitude equations, which define a sort of homogenized model for this type of modes. It is established that the influence of the non-repetitive part of the structure is accounted by a boundary condition. To cite this article: E.M. Daya et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

利用结构基因法研究非线性周期性板结构的等效力学性能

非线性周期性板结构是一类在智能复合材料领域具有巨大应用潜力的结构,因其构成材料的非线性特性,以及结构中经常包含增强纤维、肋板和空洞等复杂微结构导致的材料几何非线性,利用常规的有限元方法进行建模和分析较为困难.本文提出了一种结构基因法,通过提取非线性周期性板结构的最小模型单元作为其结构基因,将异质周期性板结构等效为均质板结构,便捷地求解了非线性周期性板结构的微观力学性能和整体等效力学性能.算例表明,结构基因方法可用来分析复杂非线性复合材料结构问题,计算结果精度足够,为复合材料微观力学研究提供了有价值的参考.     

失谐周期结构中弹性波与振动的局部化

基于弹性波传递矩阵方法，研究了失谐周期结构中弹性波与振动的局部化问题．给出了结构中弹性波传递矩阵的一般表达式，采用奇异值分解方法，分别计算了谐和与失谐周期结构中的局部化因子，并对其进行了分析讨论．对周期结构中波传播与振动局部化的分析方法可用于结构的优化设计．     

Vibration localization in one-dimensional linear and nonlinear lattices: discrete and continuum models

The phenomenon of vibration localization plays an important role in the dynamics of inhomogeneous and nonlinear materials and structures. The vibration localization can occur in the case of inhomogeneity under the following conditions: (i) the frequency spectrum of the periodic structure includes stopbands, (ii) a perturbation of periodicity is present, and (iii) the eigenfrequency of the perturbed element falls into a stopband. Under these conditions, the energy can be spatially localized in the vicinity of the defect with an exponential decay in the infinity. The influence of nonlinearity can shift frequency into the stopband zone. In the present paper, the localization of vibrations in one-dimensional linear and nonlinear lattices is investigated. The localization frequencies are determined and the attenuation factors are calculated. Discrete and continuum models are developed and compared. The limits of the applicability of the continuum models are established. Analysis of the linear problem has allowed a better understanding of specifics of the nonlinear problem and has led to developing a new approach for the analysis of nonlinear lattices alternative to the method of continualization.     

环形桁架结构径向振动的等效圆环模型

在大型环形网架式可展天线中,环形桁架结构的动力学性能对于整个天线的工作状态至关重要.针对大型空间桁架结构,基于连续体等效的思想,将其动力学模型简化为简单的弹性连续体模型一直是动力学研究的热点.将环形桁架结构看作由重复的平面桁架单元构成的环形周期结构,在周期桁架单元等效梁模型的基础上,提出采用不计剪切变形和转动惯量的等效圆环模型分析环形桁架结构的径向振动,并对等效圆环模型的偏微分运动方程进行了解析求解.首先通过变量代换将描述圆环径向振动的四阶偏微分方程组降阶为一阶偏微分方程组,然后通过对降阶后的偏微分方程组进行Laplace变换将其转化为常微分方程组,并采用微分方程组的Green函数解法,获得了等效圆环模型在复频域下动力响应的解析表达式,进而得到等效圆环模型固有振动的特征方程及传递函数的表达式.最后通过数值算例对环形桁架有限元模型与等效圆环模型的固有频率和振型以及传递函数进行了对比分析,验证了等效圆环模型用于环形桁架结构径向振动分析的可行性.     

全柔性空间机器人运动振动一体化输入受限重复学习控制

探究基座、臂、关节全柔性影响下空间机器人动力学模拟、运动控制及基座、臂、关节三重柔性振动主动抑制的问题, 设计了不基于系统模型信息的运动振动一体化输入受限重复学习控制算法. 将柔性基座与关节等效为线性弹簧与扭转弹簧, 柔性臂视为欧拉-伯努利梁模型, 利用拉格朗日方程与假设模态法建立动力学模型, 然后, 用奇异摄动理论将模型分解为包含刚性变量与臂柔性振动的慢变子系统, 包含基座、关节柔性振动的快变子系统, 并分别设计相应的子控制器, 构成了带关节柔性补偿的一体化控制算法. 针对慢变子系统, 提出输入受限重复学习控制算法, 由双曲正切函数, 饱和函数与重复学习项构成, 双曲正切函数与饱和函数实现输入力矩受限要求, 重复学习项补偿周期性系统误差, 以完成对基座姿态、关节铰周期轨迹的渐进稳定追踪. 然而, 为了同时抑制慢变子系统臂的柔性振动, 运用虚拟力的概念, 构造同时反映臂柔性振动与系统刚性运动的混合轨迹, 提出了基于虚拟力概念的输入受限重复学习控制器, 保证基座、关节轨迹精确追踪的同时, 对臂的柔性振动主动抑制. 针对快变子系统, 采用线性二次最优控制算法抑制基座与关节的柔性振动. 仿真结果表明: 控制器适用于一般柔性非线性系统, 满足输入力矩受限要求, 实现对周期信号的高精度追踪, 有效抑制基座、臂、关节的柔性振动, 证实算法的可行性.      

Bending vibration analysis of rotating machineries using multibody dynamics technology — development of computer program RotB

This paper examines a computer program developed to analyze the vibration of rotating machineries based on theories of vibration and multibody dynamics (MBD). Bending vibration problems of rotating machineries have generally been categorized as either linear or nonlinear. Linear problems can be formulated by standard methods and nonlinear problems can be formulated by MBD methods. In our study, nonlinear problems are treated by the use of a general-purpose computer program, RecurDyn (RD). In the program we developed, rotor bending vibration analysis (RotB) structural properties such as shafts, rotating rotary disks, unbalanced masses and foundation structures are modeled as multibody elements. Also, nonlinearities such as contact, non-symmetrical shaft effects, bearing characteristics, nonlinear restoring and damping characteristics in the bearings are taken into account. The computational results demonstrate the validity of RotB.     

Modeling and simulation of relaxation in viscoelastic open cell materials and structures

Open cell materials with cubic anisotropy and structures made thereof are investigated with respect to their linear viscoelastic properties, in particular their relaxation behavior. The study is concerned with the prediction of the effective behavior which results from the isotropic bulk material properties as well as the cellular architecture. Finite Element Method simulations of three-dimensional structures are employed to predict the effective response to a wide range of loading modes in the time domain.For predicting the properties of the cellular materials and structures by the Finite Element Method different modeling strategies are employed. The first approach is a periodic unit cell method modeling an infinite medium by means of periodic boundary conditions. This way the entire effective linear viscoelastic constitutive behavior can be computed. However, it is not possible to capture effects as being attributed to traction free faces and load introduction in specimens or structures. A second approach follows to account for these effects by generating finite sample models to represent situations which occur in experimental testing. Finally, an analytical constitutive material law is developed to model linear viscoelasticity for cubic anisotropy in the time domain. It is implemented into the commercial Finite Element software ABAQUS/Standard and the material parameters are gained from the unit cell investigations. This enables the simulation of structures, parts, and components which consist or contain such cellular materials.     

流固耦合的周期加强板的振动及声辐射研究

研究了流体负载下的无穷大双周期加强板, 在周期谐振力作用下的振动响应和声辐射,并提出了一种基于有限元和空间波数法的半解析半数值方法. 首先利用有限元的方法对周期结构进行单元离散, 并将结构对薄板的作用力等效为节点力的作用. 然后通过周期结构的振动方程, 结合薄板与结构的位移边界条件, 建立了节点力与薄板节点位移的函数方程. 最后应用空间波数法和傅里叶变换, 并采用数值计算的方法求解出薄板的节点位移, 得到了周期加强板关于离散节点位移的振动和辐射声压方程. 在数值算例中, 对该方法的正确性进行了验证, 并且分析了周期结构对薄板的振动和声辐射的影响.     

大型空间结构热?动力学耦合分析方法综述

近年来, 各种大型空间结构逐渐在我国航天工程中得到应用, 相应的热诱发振动问题也日益受到重视. 在此背景下, 有必要进一步梳理热诱发振动的机理和分析设计中的关键问题. 本文将结合作者的研究工作对此问题进行全面介绍, 并主要强调在分析复杂工程结构的热诱发振动问题时需要注意的特殊问题. 本文首先介绍了可以高效地分析空间薄壁杆件结构(包含开口和闭口薄壁杆件)在辐射换热条件下的瞬态温度场的Fourier有限元方法; 随后介绍了热诱发振动的线性和非线性分析方法, 强调了热?动力学耦合效应. 为了对复杂空间结构产生热诱发振动的必要条件给出解析表达式, 本文将瞬态温度场与振动位移场统一在模态空间中进行分析, 从而得到评价热诱发振动剧烈程度的一般性条件. 在此基础上, 本文进一步讨论了热诱发振动的运动稳定性问题, 以悬臂杆件的热颤振准则为例揭示了热诱发振动发散的物理机理, 并给出了评定复杂工程结构热颤振的分析方法. 论文最后概要地指出了在热诱发振动的地面试验和抑制方法中需要注意的问题, 并对将来的研究工作进行了展望.      

Double porosity in fluid-saturated elastic media: deriving effective parameters by hierarchical homogenization of static problem

We propose a model of complex poroelastic media with periodic or locally periodic structures observed at microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Using a two-level homogenization procedure, we derive a model coherent with the Biot continuum, describing effective properties of such a hierarchically structured poroelastic medium. The effective material coefficients can be computed using characteristic responses of the micro- and mesostructures which are solutions of local problems imposed in representative volume elements describing the poroelastic medium at the two levels of heterogeneity. In the paper, we discus various combinations of the interface between the micro- and mesoscopic porosities, influence of the fluid compressibility, or solid incompressibility. Gradient of porosity is accounted for when dealing with locally periodic structures. Derived formulae for computing the poroelastic material coefficients characterize not only the steady-state responses with static fluid, but are relevant also for quasistatic problems. The model is applicable in geology, or in tissue biomechanics, in particular for modeling canalicular-lacunar porosity of bone which can be characterized at several levels.     

环状周期结构三维参激振动不稳定分析

环状周期结构广泛应用于工程领域。针对在移动载荷作用下的环状周期结构，开展三维参激振动特性分析。首先基于Hamilton理论，在惯性坐标系下建立了时变动力学模型。为了提高计算效率，采用坐标变换将其转换至随动坐标系，从而得到等效时不变模型。然后利用Galerkin理论将其离散，通过计算系统的特征值，预测了动力稳定性。最后采用Floquét理论计算了时变系统的不稳定域，得到了与等效系统相同的结果。本研究为该类系统的参数设计及稳定性控制提供了借鉴。     

分级周期梁结构的振动带隙特性优化研究

针对分级周期梁结构,进行了振动带隙特性优化研究,以期提高结构的减振性能。采用谱元法计算分级周期梁的频响曲线,并结合传递矩阵法计算结构的色散关系,将两种方法相结合来研究结构的振动带隙特性。构建带隙占比函数作为优化目标函数,将单胞结构的尺寸作为优化参数进行带隙特性优化。经过优化,使得在研究频段内带隙特性大大提高。通过与有限元法和振动实验相对比,验证了谱元法计算和优化结果的正确性。研究内容对于提高周期结构的振动带隙特性和减振应用提供有益参考。     

非饱和土-结构动力响应的多耦合周期性有限元法

真实的地基土体-隧道系统中土体及结构性质往往沿线路纵向变化.为考虑土体与结构沿纵向的变化特性,提出了一种非饱和土-结构系统动力响应分析的多耦合周期性有限元法.首先基于非饱和土的实用波动方程,采用Galerkin法推导了单节点5个自由度的非饱和土ub-pl-pg格式有限元表达式,相比于单节点9个自由度的ub-v-w格式有...     

斑海豹胡须涡激振动及其尾流循迹机理直接数值模拟

在视力和听力受到限制的条件下, 斑海豹可以通过具有特殊外形的胡须识别和追踪水中游鱼的尾迹. 从仿生学的角度, 对斑海豹胡须在尾迹流场中的振动特性和循迹机理进行研究, 有助于开发研制新型水下探测器. 本文采用嵌入式迭代浸入边界法,在雷诺数$Re=300$和折合流速$U_{\rm r}=6.0$的条件下, 对均匀流场和尾迹流场中斑海豹胡须模型的涡激振动进行直接数值模拟,研究了胡须模型的振动特征和尾涡结构, 并与具有相同等效直径的圆柱、椭圆柱的振动响应进行对比, 分析了不同结构外形对振动特性和尾涡结构的影响, 探讨了斑海豹胡须的感知能力和循迹机理. 模拟结果表明, 胡须结构具有显著的减阻、抑振作用, 在均匀流场中做微幅混沌运动, 这为斑海豹胡须感知提供了纯净的信号背景. 而在尾迹流场中,胡须结构的振动响应显著增强, 稳定且周期性好, 与其他柱体相比, 具有更高的信噪比和敏感度. 这揭示了斑海豹利用胡须振动识别和追踪水中游鱼尾迹的机理, 对于开发研制新型水下探测器具有重要借鉴意义.      

质量周期分布对偏心旋转环状结构自由振动的影响

工程实际中,某些旋转对称设计结构由于存在制造安装误差常呈现偏心旋转状态,进而影响结构稳定性.针对该类环状周期结构,考虑其偏心运动,研究附加质量周期分布参数以及偏心率对系统固有频率与动力稳定性的影响.首先,在环状结构上建立随动坐标系,利用Hamilton原理建立动力学模型.其次,采用经典振动理论求解系统的特征值,分析不同参数组合下的模态特性和不稳定性.最后,利用数值法计算系统的动态响应,并与解析结果进行对比.结果表明,当附加质量个数与波数满足一定关系时,固有频率发生分裂;对于不同的偏心率和周期分布特征,系统在不同转速下动力性能差异较大,适当提高偏心率、选取合适的附加质量个数及大小可有效抑制不稳定性.此研究有助于分析工程实际中该类结构的动力学稳定性,为其振动控制提供借鉴.     

Experimental material damping estimation for planar isotropic laminate structures

A three-dimensional material damping estimation methodology is proposed for planar isotropic material symmetry by using a constitutive viscoelastic vibration model. The proposed material model is verified, via finite-element techniques, on three laminate structures. The first one is a numerical test structure composed by stacked aluminium and plexiglas plates. In this case the effective three-dimensional planar isotropic material properties are given in terms of homogeneous material damping functions in connection with homogenised elastic laminate properties. Comparisons made between the results from the detailed (layer-wise) model of the laminate and the effective three-dimensional model show that the estimated homogenised model is reasonably accurate, in terms of predicted vibration responses. Finally, estimations of planar isotropic material damping are done for two practically interesting experimental structures, a carbon fibre–epoxy laminate structure and an aluminium laminate including a constrained viscoelastic layer damping treatment. In this context, it is found that the dominating damping mechanisms are different in these two cases. The dynamic homogenisation process, with damping included, is evaluated quantitatively in terms of predicted forced vibration response for the laminate structure, using effective planar isotropic frequency dependent material properties. The dynamic three-dimensional effective homogeneous material models, for these two cases, are found to be close to measurements in a frequency interval corresponding to the first 17 modes.     

Initial tension in randomly disordered periodic lattices

This paper is concerned with probabilistic analysis of initial member stress in geometrically imperfect regular lattice structures with periodic boundary conditions. Spatial invariance of the corresponding statistical parameters is shown to arise on the Born-von Kármán domains. This allows analytical treatment of the problem, where the parameters of stress distribution are obtained in a closed form. Several benchmark problems with beam- and plate-like lattices are considered, and the results are verified by the direct Monte–Carlo simulations. Behaviour of the standard deviation as a function of lattice repetitive cell number is investigated, and dependence on the lattice structural redundancy is pointed out.     

A numerical treatment of the periodic solutions of non-linear vibration systems

Direct numerical integration can be used to find the periodicsolutions for the equations of motion of nonlinear vibrationsystems.The initial conditions are iterated so that theycoincide With the terminal conditions.The time interval ofthe integration(i.e.,the period)and certain parameters ofthe equations of motion can be included in the iterations.Theintegration method has a variable stoplength.This Sbooting method can produce periodic solutions witha shorter computex time.The only error occurs in the numeri-cal integration and it can therefore be estimated and madesmall enough.Using this method one can treat a variety ofvibration problems.such as free conservative.forced.para-meter-excited and self-sustained vibrations with one or se-veral degrees-of-freedom.Unstable solutions and those Whichare sensitive to parameter Changes can also be calculated.Thestability of the solutions is investigated based on the thecryof differential equations with periodic coefficients.The ex-trapolation method and the proc