Orthogonal polynomials and determinant formulas of function-valued Padé-type approximation using for solution of integral equations

To solve Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, a generalized linear functional is introduced and a new function-valued Padé-type approximation is defined. By means of the power series expansion of the solution, this method can construct an approximate solution to solve the given integral equation. On the basis of the orthogonal polynomials, two useful determinant expressions of the numerator polynomial and the denominator polynomial for Padé-type approximation are explicitly given. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10271074)     

KdV-Burgers方程的级数解

给出ＫｄＶ－Ｂｕｒｇｅｒｓ方程的有界行波解的精确级数解,采用Ａｄｏｍｉａｎ算子分解法分别求行二个区域ζ〈０和ζ〉０的级数解,然后利用对接连续条件构成整体级数解。所得级数解能精确满足对接连续条件,并由此得到确定级数的系数递推公式,无需解非红性高阶代数方程组。与某些精确解及其它方法比较,计算简捷具在对接点处是收剑的。对某些非线性波动现象的研究,可作为计算和分析的数学依据。     

局部彼得洛夫-伽辽金法分析各向异性板屈曲

基于Kirchhoff板理论和对挠度函数采用移动最小二乘近似函数进行插值，进一步研究无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin(MLPG)方法在各向异性板稳定问题中的应用．分析中，本质边界条件采用罚因子法施加，离散的特征值方程由板稳定控制方程的局部积分对称弱形式中得到．通过数值算例并与其他方法的结果进行比较，表明MLPG法求解各向异性薄板稳定问题具有收敛性好、精度高等一系列优点．     

非均匀介质散射问题的体积分方程数值解法

将非均匀介质视为某一均匀背景介质中的扰动，可建立用均匀背景介质格林函数作基本解的体积分方程．给出了配置法求解体积分方程的数值方法，首先解得扰动域内各点以速度扰动为权的波场函数，然后回代计算得到观测面上各接收点的散射波场．与边界元法和Ｂｏｒｎ近似法计算结果比较表明该方法具有很高的精度，可得到穿过非     

Large deflections of a beam subject to three-point bending

In this paper, a solution for the equilibrium configuration of an elastic beam subject to three-point bending is given in terms of Jacobi elliptical functions. General equations are derived, and the domain of the solution is established. Several examples that illustrate a use of the solution are discussed. The obtained numerical results are compared with the results of other authors. An approximation formula by which the beam load is given as a polynomial function of beam deflection is also derived. The range of applicability of the approximation is illustrated by numerical examples.     

有限长界面裂纹对冲击载荷的响应

本文研究了受冲击载荷作用下界面裂纹的瞬态特性。通过引入裂纹尖端附近裂纹面无摩擦接触区,消除了界面裂纹问题中存在的振荡奇异性。由于产生了随时间变化的运动边界,应用积分变换及路径积分方法进行反演,在时间-空间域上给出了问题的控制积分方程。应用chebyshev多项式展开,将问题转化为非线性微分-积分方程组的求解。给出了剪切应力强度因子和裂纹面接触区尺寸的数值结果。所得结果表明,拉伸场中界面裂纹的扩展和剪切失效有密切关系。     

One solution of an axisymmetric problem of the elasticity theory for a transversely isotropic material

A numerical-analytical method based on approximation of the sought solution by a system of basis functions is proposed to solve the boundary-value problem of axisymmetric deformation of articles made of a transversely isotropic material. An algorithm for constructing polynomial functions on the basis of invariant-group solutions is described.     

ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRIC LAMINATED RECTANGULAR PLATES IN PLANE STRESS

Symmetric laminated plates used usually are anisotropic plates. Based on the fundamental equation for anisotropic rectangular plates in plane stress problem, a general analytical solution is established accurately by method of stress function. Therefore the general formula of stress and displacement in plane is given. The integral constants in general formula can be determined by boundary conditions. This general solution is composed of solutions made by trigonometric function and hyperbolic function, which can satisfy the problem of arbitrary boundary conditions along four edges, and the algebraic polynomial solutions which can satisfy the problem of boundary conditions at four corners. Consequently this general solution can be used to solve the plane stress problem with arbitrary boundary conditions. For example, a symmetric laminated square plate acted with uniform normal load, tangential load and nonuniform normal load on four edges is calculated and analyzed.     

超空化航行体气体流量率的确定方法研究

通气超空化技术是大幅提高水下航行体速度的重要途径,通气流量率的确定是实现该技术的核心问题之一. 通常 的流量率预估没有考虑雷诺数的影响,因而造成统计数据过于分散. 基于边界层理论及其相关假设,提出了一种确定人工通气超空化气体流量率的预估方法,并引用相关试验数据进行验证. 结果表明,所得近似关系式在雷诺数为0.35×10⁵～ 5.4×10⁵, 空化器锥角为30°～ 180°的变化范围内都是适用的.     

On the propagation of statistical model parameter uncertainty in CFD calculations

This work considers a new class of finite-volume approximations for scalar and system nonlinear conservation laws with multiple sources of stochastic model parameter uncertainty. The deterministic propagation of model parameter uncertainty is achieved through the introduction of additional stochastic coordinates. Particular attention is given to the construction of specialized piecewise polynomial approximation spaces well suited to the high-order accurate approximation of solution discontinuities in both physical and stochastic dimensions without exhibiting Gibbs-like oscillations characteristic of polynomial approximation. The proposed discretization easily retrofits existing finite-volume CFD codes in use today. Numerical results are presented for inviscid Burgers equation with uncertain initial data as well as the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with uncertain boundary data and turbulence model parameters.     

基于DDA的弹性力学全高阶多项式位移逼近方法及其实例验证

基于维尔斯特拉斯多项式函数的逼近定理,通过DDA高阶全多项式位移函数条件下的弹性力学推导,提出了一个逼近弹性力学连续位移函数真解的全多项式位移函数逼近方法。该方法采用完整的高阶多项式位移函数,以不同阶次条件下的多项式系数为未知数,以单纯形积分为解析积分方法,通过建立和求解平衡方程,逐步逼近弹性体真解。在对单纯形积分计算过程研究的基础上,给出了三维空间单纯形计算图解法,该图解法诠释了三维空间单纯形积分公式中各变量间的逻辑关系及计算过程的图形表达。基于上述方法,编写了相应计算程序,并以一个三维简支梁受均布荷载及一个四周固定的弹性薄板受集中力作用两算例为实例,验证了所提方法的可行性。实例计算结果表明,随着逼近函数阶次的提高,数值方法获得的多项式函数计算值均单调地逐步逼近解析解。在文中所用的6阶多项式函数逼近中,简支梁实例位移计算误差小于0.2%,弹性薄板实例位移误差小于0.91%,并且,两算例与解析解位移差值都在微m级。     

Bézier curves in the modification of boundary integral equations (BIE) for potential boundary-values problems

The paper presents a modification of the classical boundary integral equation method (BIEM) for two-dimensional potential boundary values problems. The proposed modification consists in describing the boundary geometry by means of Bézier curves. As a result of this analytical modification of the BIEM, a new parametric integral equation system (PIES) was obtained. The kernels of these equations include the geometry of the boundary. This new PIES is no longer defined on the boundary, as in the case of the BIEM, but on the straight line for any given domain. The solution of the new PIES does not require a boundary discretization since it can be reduced merely to an approximation of boundary functions. To solve this PIES a pseudospectral method has been proposed and the results obtained were compared with exact solutions.     

Approximate kinetic equations in rarefied gas theory

The fundamental kinetic equation of gas theory, the Boltzniann equation, is a complex integrodiffcrential equation. The difficulties associated with its solution are the result not only of the large number of independent variables, seven in the general case, but also of the very complicated structure of the collision integral. However, for the mechanics of rarefied gases the primary interest lies not in the distribution function itself, which satisfies the Boltzmann equation, but rather in its first few moments, i.e., the averaged characteristics. This circumstance suggests the possibility of obtaining the averaged quantities by a simpler way than the direct method of direct solution of the Boltzmann equation with subsequent calculation of the integrals.It is well known that if a distribution function satisfies the Boltzmann equation, then its moments satisfy an infinite system of moment equations. Consequently, if we wish to obtain with satisfactory accuracy some number of first moments, then we must require that these moments satisfy the exact system of moment equations. However, this does not mean that to determine the moments of interest to us we must solve this system, particularly since the system of moment equations is not closed. The closure of the system by specifying the form of the distribution function (method of moments) can be considered only as a rough approximate method of solving problems. First, in this case it is not possible to satisfy all the equations and we must limit ourselves to certain of the equations; second, generally speaking, we do not know which equation the selected distribution function satisfies, and, consequently, we do not know to what degree it has the properties of the distribution function which satisfies the Boltzmann equation.A more reliable technique for solving the problems of rarefied gasdynamics is that based on the approximation of the Boltzmann equation, more precisely, the approximation of the collision integral. The idea of replacing the collision integral by a simpler expression is not new [1–4]. The kinetic equations obtained as a result of this replacement are usually termed model equations, since their derivation is usually based on physical arguments and not on the direct use of the properties of the Boltzmann collision integral. In this connection we do not know to what degree the solutions of the Boltzmann equation and the model equations are close, particularly since the latter do not yield the possibility of refining the solution. Exceptions are the kinetic model for the linearized Boltzmann equation [5] and the sequence of model equations of [6], constructed by a method which is to some degree analogous with that of [5].In the present paper we suggest for the simplification of the solution of rarefied gas mechanics problems a technique for constructing a sequence of approximate kinetic equations which is based on an approximation of the collision integral. For each approximate equation (i.e., equation with an approximate collision operator) the first few moment equations coincide with the exact moment equations. It is assumed that the accuracy of the approximate equation increases with increase of the number of exact moment equations. Concretely, the approximation for the collision integral consists of a suitable approximation of the reverse collision integral and the collision frequency. The reverse collision integral is represented in the form of the product of the collision frequency and a function which characterizes the molecular velocity distribution resulting from the collisions, where the latter is selected in the form of a locally Maxwellian function multiplied by a polynomial in terms of the components of the molecular proper velocities. The collision frequency is approximated by a suitable expression which depends on the problem conditions. For the majority of problems it may obviously be taken equal to the collision frequency calculated from the locally Maxwellian distribution function; if necessary the error resulting from the inexact calculation of the collision frequency may be reduced by iterations.To illustrate the method, we solve the simplest problem of rarefied gas theory-the problem on the relaxation of an initially homogeneous and isotropic distribution in an unbounded space to an equilibrium distribution.The author wishes to thank A. A. Nikol'skii for discussions of the study and V. A. Rykov for the numerical results presented for the exact solution.     

非完整系统的第一积分与其变分方程特解的联系

本文给出非完整系统的变分方程,研究它们的解,并证明在一定条件下可利用第一积分来得到变分方程的特解,最后举例说明其应用。     

BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR BUCKLING EIGENVALUE PROBLEM AND ITS CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｂｕｃｋｌｉｎｇｅｉｇｅｎｖａｌｕｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｈａｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ.Ｈｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｓｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｍｅａｎｉｎｇｆｕｌｉｎｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ.ＴｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｃｕｓｏｎＦＥＭ ,ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｍ…     

各向异性介质中SH波引起的裂纹扩展

本文利用Green函数法,求解各向异性介质中半无限长裂纹在SH波作用下,以任意速度扩展的问题。首先,利用Laplace变换和Cagniard-de Hoop反演法求解各向异性介质中反平面问题的Green函数,并利用它建立了求解裂纹扩展问题的积分方程。因为方程为Abel型的,所以可得到在SH波作用下,半无限长裂纹扩展问题的解析解。还可求得裂纹端点附近的应力和裂纹表面上位移的表达式。并对裂纹端点附近的奇异性进行讨论。最后讨论了裂纹尖端附近任一点的能量关系。并应用Griffith的能量准则,对裂纹扩展规律进行了讨论。     

有理逼近和Pad\'e逼近的高阶紧致型方法

对高阶紧致(high order compact)方法进行了详细的讨论和简洁的评述. 这就是: 回顾了方法的发展历史, 指出了方法优点, 分析了方法的基本特征、构造方式和应用现状, 预示了它的近期发展和研究形势. 特别地, 就方法的数学基础------有理逼近和Pad\'e逼近进行了归纳. 在文章中提供了丰富的方法信息和大量的有关公式.      

无网格局部强弱法求解不规则域问题

无网格局部彼得洛夫-伽辽金(meshless local Petrov-Galerkin,MLPG)法是一种具有代表性的无网格方法,在计算力学领域得到广泛应用.然而,这种方法在边界上需执行积分运算,通常很难处理不规则求解域问题.为了克服MLPG法的这种局限性,提出了无网格局部强弱(meshless local strong-weak,MLSW)法.MLSW法采用MLPG法离散内部求解域,采用无网格介点(meshless intervention-point,MIP)法施加自然边界条件,并采用配点法施加本质边界条件,避免执行边界积分运算,可适用于求解各类复杂的不规则域问题.从理论上讲,这种结合式方法,既保持了MLPG法稳定而精确计算的优势,同时兼备配点型方法在处理复杂结构问题时简洁而灵活的优势,实现了弱式法和强式法的优势互补.此外,MLSW法采用移动最小二乘核(moving least squares core,MLSc)近似法来构造形函数,是对传统移动最小二乘(moving least squares,MLS)近似法的一种改进.MLSc使用核基函数代替通常的基函数,有利于数值求解的精确性和稳定性,而且其导数近似计算变得更为简单.数值算例结果初步表明:这种新方法实施简单,求解稳定、精确,表现出适合工程运用的潜力.     

Algorithms for integrated photoelasticity —Axisymmetric cases

The method of integrated photoelasticity can be very elegantly used to determine the stress distribution in the case of torsionless axisymmetry. The mathematical formulation of such problems often yields Abel's integral equation. One of the ways to solve these equations is by approximating either the known (experimentally determined) or the unknown function by polynomials. The integral equation is thus converted to a system of linear, simultaneous algebraic equations with the coefficients of the approximating polynomial as unknowns. The degree of the approximating polynomial cannot be fixeda priori. The present paper postulates a scheme in which the degree of the approximating polynomial is increased in steps of one, starting from one. Solutions are computed for each degree of the polynomial. It is then possible to pick the solution from the available family of solutions. The computational aspect of the exercise can be very easily taken care of by the algorithms proposed and validated in this paper. The over-determined system of simultaneous equations is solved by the method of singular value decomposition (SVD). The proposed method is validated by first applying it to a test problem. Two cases, which are solved earlier, are then analyzed and the results are compared.     

Interaction of a die with a layered elastic foundation

Plane and axisymmetric contact problems for a three-layer elastic half-space are considered. The plane problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the first kind whose approximate solution is obtained by a modified Multhopp-Kalandiya method of collocation. The axisymmetric problem is reduced to an integral Fredholm equation of the second kind whose approximate solution is obtained by a specially developed method of collocation over the nodes of the Legendre polynomial. An axisymmetric contact problem for an transversely isotropic layer completely adherent to an elastic isotropic half-space is also considered. Examples of calculating the characteristic integral quantities are given. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 165–175, May–June, 2006.