电子束快退火法制备MgB_2薄膜及性质研究

利用电子束快退火法制备了MgB2超导薄膜.该方法利用高能电子束,在中真空条件下照射Mg-B多层前驱膜,照射时间维持在1s以下.在电子束的作用下,前驱膜中的Mg和B迅速反应,形成MgB2相.整个退火过程没有Mg蒸气与氩气保护,极短的退火时间有效地限制了前驱膜中Mg的流失和Mg与其它物质的反应.与传统制备工艺相比,该方法避免了混合物理化学气相沉积法中乙硼烷的使用;省去异位退火法中提供高Mg蒸气压的限制,避免在有Mg块存在情况下退火后样品表面存在Mg污染的问题.利用该方法在SiC(001)衬底上生长了100nm厚的MgB2薄膜,其超导转变温度Tc～35K,均方根粗糙度为3.6nm,临界电流密度Jc(5K,0T)=3.8×106 A/cm2.该方法对MgB2薄膜的大规模工业生产提供了一个新思路.     

制备温度对MgB-2薄膜超导电性的影响

报道了用两步法制备MgB2超导薄膜.首先利用脉冲激光沉积技术制备B膜,然后在Mg蒸气环境下对B膜进行后退火处理,通过扩散反应生成MgB2超导薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射、电阻测量和磁测量技术分析了前驱物B膜的制备温度对扩散产物MgB2薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、超导转变温度和临界电流密度的影响.结果表明,随着B膜制备温度的降低,MgB2薄膜中晶粒粒度减小、c取向的衍射线宽化、超导转变温度升高、临界电流密度增大.300℃时制备的MgB2超导薄膜的超导起始转变温度为395K,临界电流密度为13×107A 关键词： MgB2超导薄膜 脉冲激光沉积 基片温度     

Mg/B多层膜退火法中不同制备条件对MgB2超导薄膜性质的影响

用Mg/B多层膜退火的方法制备了一系列MgB₂超导薄膜,研究了退火温度、退火时间和薄膜厚度对于MgB₂薄膜性质的影响.厚度为250 nm的Mg/B多层膜经400 ℃低温退火后已经生成超导相,此厚度薄膜750 ℃下退火20—30 min实现最佳超导转变温度（T_c）.前驱膜分层厚度相同时,随着薄膜厚度减小MgB₂薄膜T_c明显降低,而且较薄的膜T_{c关键词： 2}超导薄膜')" href="#">MgB₂超导薄膜 电子束蒸发 超导成相     

在多晶Al2O3衬底上化学气相沉积MgB2超导薄膜

报道了制备MgB2超导薄膜的一种新方法和测量结果，MgB2超导薄膜的制备采用的是两步异位退火方法，但在现有报道的方法不同的是，制备硼（B）先驱膜采用的是化学气相沉积方法，在460℃温度下热分解乙硼烷（B2H6）沉积的，然后镁（Mg）蒸气中分别在730℃、780℃和830℃条件下退火，生成MgB2超导薄膜，扫描电子显微镜观察表明制备薄膜是多晶的，MgB2晶料小于2μm。X衍射分析发现所生长的薄膜是随机取向的。800℃条件下退火生成的MgB2超导薄膜起始转变温度和零电阻温度分别达到35K和24K，结果表明，采用B2H6热分解化学气相沉积B先驱膜的方法在优化的沉积条件和退火条件下可制备高质量的MgB2超导薄膜，我们这种化学气相沉积MgB2超导薄膜方法在大面积的MgB2超导薄膜制备方面较脉冲激光沉积方法具有优势，并且与现有的半导体工艺技术相兼容，有利用实现MgB2超导薄膜在电子器件方面的应用。     

多层膜外退火方法制备MgB2超导薄膜

报道了利用电子束蒸发的Mg/B多层膜作为前驱体,然后退火制备MgB2薄膜的工作.实验中发现,采用翻转膜面的退火处理方式可以有效地避免降温过程中Mg蒸气在薄膜表面形成的颗粒凝结,由此稳定地实现了面积为10 mm×10mm,均匀、平整的超导薄膜的制备,Tc达35 K,转变宽度为0.8 K,在5 μm×5 μm的区域内薄膜的平均粗糙度小于10 nm.为了便于后续器件制作过程中的微加工工艺,研究了膜厚小于1000 (A)时薄膜的成相规律,发现当样品厚度减薄后,Te会有明显降低.通过调整前驱薄膜中的不同分层厚度,仍可实现转变温度达30 K以上、厚度约600 (A)的MgB2薄膜,在20 K时的临界电流密度为2.4×106 A/cm2.     

脉冲激光沉积原位生长MgB2薄膜的研究

文章介绍了我们利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法原位生长MgB2超导薄膜的工作.实验采用两步法的方案:高真空条件下在Al2O3(001)衬底上沉积Mg-B混合物加覆盖Mg层的双层结构,然后将该前驱体在630℃左右的Ar气氛中原位退火,成功制备出了有较好重复性的MgB2超导薄膜,其最高的起始转变温度为36.5K,转变宽度在1K左右.我们认为该方法为进一步研究基于MgB2的多层结构器件提供了一种可行的发展思路.     

化学气相沉积制备MgB2超导薄膜

本文报道了利用化学气相沉积技术制备MgB2超导薄膜.首先在MgO(111)基片上化学气相沉积一层B膜,然后在Mg蒸气环境下对B膜进行后退火处理.退火后得到的MgB2薄膜在MgO(111)基片上呈随即取向生长,Mg、B原子比接近于1∶2.4;薄膜表面光滑致密,晶粒粒度约为0.5μm.电阻测量和直流磁测量表明薄膜超导转变温度为38K,转变宽度仅为0.1K.毕恩公式计算结果显示MgB2薄膜的临界电流密度在0T、10K时高达2×107A/cm2.     

前驱B膜沉积时间对MgB_2薄膜超导特性的影响

利用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在多晶Al2O3衬底上制备出了系列MgB2超导薄膜,研究了前驱硼膜沉积时间对MgB2薄膜超导特性的影响,通过XRD、SEM和R-T曲线对超导MgB2薄膜进行了表征。延长前驱硼膜的沉积时间,得到的硼膜结晶度越高,结构更致密。经退火后制备的MgB2薄膜表面富余的Mg可以改善晶粒间的连接,提升T c值。该实验沉积10min前驱硼膜得到的MgB2超导薄膜T c值为34K,且超导转变宽度比较窄。延长前驱硼膜沉积时间到15min后,薄膜的T c值降低,这是由于前驱硼膜较多,Mg和硼反应不充分所导致的。     

脉冲激光沉积原位生长MgB2薄膜的研究

文章介绍了我们利用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）方法原位生长MgB2超导薄膜的工作．实验采用两步法的方案：高真空条件下在Al2O3（001）衬底上沉积Mg-B混合物加覆盖Mg层的双层结构，然后将该前驱体在630℃左右的Ar气氛中原位退火。成功制备出了有较好重复性的MgB2超导薄膜，其最高的起始转变温度为36．5K。转变宽度在1K左右．我们认为该方法为进一步研究基于MgB2的多层结构器件提供了一种可行的发展思路．     

化学气相沉积-后退火法制备MgB2超导薄膜

本文提出在高真空镀膜系统中通过化学气相沉积(CVD)的方法沉积高纯度的先驱B膜,再经过后退火工艺,Mg扩散进入先驱膜而反应生成了MgB2超导薄膜.经过多种实验方法检测,这种薄膜具有较为优异的超导性能,是一种和传统微电子工艺兼容、适宜于工业化大规模生产MgB2超导薄膜的方法.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.