连续波DF/HF化学激光器气膜冷却式喷管流场数值分析

在连续波DF/HF化学激光器主喷管收缩段采用气膜冷却方式,从3维离散小孔注入氦气射流以隔离壁面和主气流。通过对3种气膜孔排布方式下喷管内主气流状态进行数值模拟研究,分析氦气与主气流之间的相互作用,比较了不同方式下主气流氟原子冻结效率及壁面冷却效果。考虑到DF/HF化学激光器主喷管结构尺寸较小,采用适当间隔的单排圆孔注入是现实可行的,并有望达到较好的冷却保护效果,从而提高激光器运转效率。     

氮稀释气体氧碘化学激光3维喷管流动模拟

 应用改进的3维化学反应流程序，对基于RADICL装置、以氮气为稀释气体的化学氧碘激光喷管流动做了数值模拟。给出了达到合适副气流穿深的主副气流匹配条件，考虑了提高水汽流量、改变主副气流总温对增益系数的影响，比较了与以氦气为稀释气体的不同特点。结果发现：氮气作为稀释气体条件下，混合气体的流速低，静压大，在亚声速区驻留时间长，碘分子离解快，使得增益系数峰值增大，且下降快。模拟结果提示：改变喷管结构，将副气流喷孔下移，增益分布得到了改善。     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下,改变输入氧碘化学激光器(COIL)光腔总气流流量,数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等,通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍,氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差,但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变.     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

 在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下，改变输入氧碘化学激光器（COIL）光腔总气流流量，数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等，通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出：输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍，氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差，但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变。     

副气流中He流量变化对流场混合状态的影响*

在保持主气流流量和副气流中I2的流量不变的条件下,改变副气流中He的流量,数值模拟氧碘化学激光器拉伐尔喷管内的流场混合特性.结果表明,随着副气流中He的流量的增加,副气流垂直穿透主气流的深度逐渐变大,主、副气流混合状态也逐渐变好,直至氧碘气流混合均匀.     

盖板式预旋系统温降特性的实验研究

预旋供气系统是为发动机涡轮转子叶片提供合适压力、温度和流量冷却气流的部件系统,因其具有显著降低冷气相对总温的巨大潜力而受到关注。本文在系统压比1.10～1.50、涡轮盘转速3000～9720 r/min参数范围内,通过在转盘上测量气流相对总温来获得预旋系统的温降特性,并通过一系列温度校准实验来确保转盘气流温度测量的准确性。分析了转速,压比和喷嘴出口旋转比对系统温降特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着转速的升高,预旋系统温降先小幅增大,之后迅速减小,最大可达7.6 K;随着压比的增大,系统温降增大;系统无量纲温降随喷嘴出口旋转比近似呈线性变化。     

副气流中He流量变化对流场混合状态的影响

 在保持主气流流量和副气流中I₂的流量不变的条件下,改变副气流中He的流量,数值模拟氧碘化学激光器拉伐尔喷管内的流场混合特性。结果表明,随着副气流中He的流量的增加,副气流垂直穿透主气流的深度逐渐变大,主、副气流混合状态也逐渐变好,直至氧碘气流混合均匀。     

分流流道内流动结构的测试与分析

分叉管道常见于工程上的流量分配装置、飞行器内外涵道结构,其中分流流道的流动结构影响着主流道的通流量,且回流涡的产生与扩大会引起分流流道的阻塞,使之失去分流的作用。本文采用高速摄影对分流流道内部的流动结构进行识别,发现在其入口处存在明显的回流涡,进而对回流涡处壁面进行了压力动态测量。压力动态测试与高速摄影的结果显示出分流通道中回流涡流场变化的频率信息。在不同的管道入口雷诺数(Re_(in)=80249到179414)下,回流涡处的壁面压力变化具有混沌特性,随着入口雷诺数的增加,压力脉动的幅值增大,而随机性却减小,确定性和稳定性增强,且在回流涡产生位置尤为显著,影响整个分流流道的通流能力。     

碘喷孔位置的变化对激光性能的影响

 在主、副气流流量不变的情况下,仅改变氧碘化学激光器中碘喷孔的位置,数值模拟了其混合气体流场特性和小信号增益分布等的变化。计算结果表明,碘喷孔在喷管叶片上的位置沿气流方向往下游移动,混合状况变差,光腔中小信号增益降低,输出功率减小,饱和光强沿气流方向的衰减变得平缓。     

碘喷孔位置的变化对激光性能的影响

在主、副气流流量不变的情况下,仅改变氧碘化学激光器中碘喷孔的位置,数值模拟了其混合气体流场特性和小信号增益分布等的变化.计算结果表明,碘喷孔在喷管叶片上的位置沿气流方向往下游移动,混合状况变差,光腔中小信号增益降低,输出功率减小,饱和光强沿气流方向的衰减变得平缓.     

On the mechanism of flow evolution in shock-tube experiments

The paper studies numerically the flow development behind the shock wave propagating inside the tube. The detailed analysis of the flow patterns behind the shock wave allows determination of the gas-dynamical origins of the temperature non-uniformities responsible for the subsequent localized start of chemical reactions in the test mixture. In particular, it is shown that the temperature field structure is determined mainly by the mechanisms of boundary layer instability development. The kinetic energy dissipation related to the flow deceleration inside boundary layer results in local heating of the test gas. At the same time, the heat losses to the tube wall lead to the cooling of the gas. Therefore the temperature stratification takes place on the scales of the boundary layer. As soon as the shock wave reflected from the end-wall of the tube interacts with the developed boundary layer the localized hot regions arise at a certain distance from the end wall. The position of these hot regions is associated with the zones of shock wave interaction with roller vortices at the margin between the boundary layer and the bulk flow. Formulated mechanism of the temperature field evolution can be used to explain the peculiarities of non-steady shock-induced ignition of combustible mixtures with moderate ignition delay times, where the ignition starts inside localized kernels at distance from the end wall.     

非对称纳米通道内流体流动与传热的分子动力学

采用分子动力学方法研究了流体在非对称浸润性粗糙纳米通道内的流动与传热过程,分析了两侧壁面浸润性不对称对流体速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响,以及非对称浸润性组合对流体内部热量传递的影响.研究结果表明,纳米通道主流区域的流体速度在外力作用下呈抛物线分布,但是纳米通道上下壁面浸润性不对称导致速度分布不呈中心对称,同时通道壁面的纳米结构也会限制流体的流动.流体在流动过程中产生黏性耗散,使流体温度升高.增强冷壁面的疏水性对近热壁面区域的流体速度几乎没有影响,滑移速度和滑移长度基本不变,始终为锁定边界,但是会导致近冷壁面区域的流体速度逐渐增大,对应的滑移速度和滑移长度随之增大.此时,近冷壁面区域的流体温度逐渐超过近热壁面区域的流体温度,流体出现反转温度分布,流体内部热流逆向传递.随着两侧壁面浸润性不对称程度增加,流体反转温度分布更加明显.     

Numerical Simulation Study on Flow Laws and Heat Transfer of Gas Hydrate in the Spiral Flow Pipeline with Long Twisted Band

The natural gas hydrate plugging problems in the mixed pipeline are becoming more and more serious. The hydrate plugging has gradually become an important problem to ensure the safety of pipeline operation. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of natural gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline have been studied. The DPM model (discrete phase model) was used to simulate the motion of solid particles, which was used to simulate the complex spiral flow characteristics of hydrate in the pipeline with a long twisted band. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline were studied. The velocity distribution, pressure drop distribution, heat transfer characteristics, and particle settling characteristics in the pipeline were investigated. The numerical results showed that compared with the straight flow without a long twisted band, two obvious eddies are formed in the flow field with a long twisted band, and the velocities are maximum at the center of the vortices. Along the direction of the pipeline, the two vortices move toward the pipe wall from near the twisted band, which can effectively carry the hydrate particles deposited on the wall. With the same Reynolds number, the twisted rate was greater, the spiral strength was weaker, the tangential velocity was smaller, and the pressure drop was smaller. Therefore, the pressure loss can be reduced as much as possible with effect of the spiral flow. In a straight light flow, the Nusselt number is in a parabolic shape with the opening downwards. At the center of the pipe, the Nusselt number gradually decreased toward the pipe wall at the maximum, and at the near wall, the attenuation gradient of the Nu number was large. For spiral flow, the curve presented by the Nusselt number was a trough at the center of the pipe and a peak at 1/2 of the pipe diameter. With the reduction of twist rate, the Nusselt number becomes larger. Therefore, the spiral flow can make the temperature distribution more even and prevent the large temperature difference, resulting in the mass formation of hydrate particles in the pipeline wall. Spiral flow has a good carrying effect. Under the same condition, the spiral flow carried hydrate particles at a distance about 3–4 times farther than that of the straight flow.     

海底混输管道停输和再启动瞬态流动规律研究

本文采用大型实验环道模拟和OLGA软件结合探索海底混输管道在停输和再启动过程中的瞬态流动规律.实验模拟表明气液同时停输过程中没有出现过减现象;在保持气量不变的情况下,将液量突然增加,会出现压力过增现象.OLGA软件模拟表明在停输过程中,管线沿线温度下降,可能出现水合物;再启动过程中,平台终端的液量波动幅度很大;停输过程中,整条海底管线的总持液量不断减小,但幅度不大,再启动过程中,总持液量急剧增大,之后又重新达到稳定.     

纳米通道粗糙内壁对流体流动行为的影响

纳米流动系统具有高效、经济等优势,在众多领域具有广泛的应用前景.因该类系统具有极高的表面积体积比,致使界面滑移效应对流动具有显著影响.本文采用分子动力学方法以两无限大平行非对称壁面组成的Poiseuille流动为对象,分析了壁面粗糙度与润湿性变化对通道内流体流动的影响.对于不同结构类型的壁面,需要通过水动力位置来确定固液界面位置,准确计算固液界面位置有助于更好地分析界面滑移效应.研究结果表明,上下壁面不对称会引起通道内流场参数分布的不对称,壁面粗糙度及润湿性的变化会影响近壁面附近流体原子的流动特性,由于壁面凹槽的存在,粗糙壁面附近的数密度分布低于光滑壁面一侧.壁面粗糙度及润湿性的变化会影响固液界面位置,肋高变化及壁面润湿性对通道中速度分布影响较大,界面滑移速度及滑移长度随肋高和润湿性的增大而减小;肋间距变化对通道内流体流动影响较小,界面滑移速度和滑移长度基本保持恒定.     

Experimental simulation of a liquid-metal heat-transfer fluid flow in a T-shaped mixer

The structure of the temperature field in a liquid-metal heat-transfer fluid flowing through a T-shaped mixer is studied experimentally. The experiments are carried out using Rose’s alloy as a working fluid. To find the temperature distribution over the wall of a working section, IR thermography is applied. It is shown that the wall temperature distribution in the zone where fluid flows with different temperatures mix is heavily nonuniform. The temperature distribution substantially depends on the ratio between the hot and cold fluid flow rates. The results can be used to verify the thermal hydraulic computational codes for fluid metal flows.     

微通道内给定壁面热流的气体换热研究

本文利用实施给定热流边界条件的DSMC方法,对短通道内给定壁面热流边界条件下的气体换热情况进行了模拟.结果表明,壁面热流密度增大导致通道内压力分布非线性程度增加.随着热流密度的增大,截面速度分布趋于平缓,滑移速度增大.给定热流密度的通道壁面温度与气流截面平均温度的差值沿程增大,温度梯度沿程下降,气体稀薄性增大时,通道换热减弱.     

双液滴撞击平面液膜的流动与传热特性

采用耦合的水平集-体积分数法(CLSVOF)对双液滴连续撞击恒定壁温壁面上的热液膜的流动和换热特性进行了数值模拟及分析,得到了双液滴撞击热液膜后形态演变的过程.分析了液滴垂直间距、撞击速度、液膜厚度以及液滴直径对双液滴撞击液膜后的流动与传热特性的影响,结果显示,壁面平均热流密度随液滴撞击速度的增大而增大,液滴垂直间距、液膜厚度和液滴直径对平均热流密度的影响较小,但会对热流密度在撞击区域和交界区的分布产生重要影响.     

高超声速平板边界层流动显示的试验研究

本文在高超声速脉冲式风洞内对基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射技术(nano-based planar laser scattering, NPLS)的应用进行了探索, 并在此基础上对平板边界层流动结构的精细测量进行了研究. 试验来流Ma=7.3, 总压4.8 MPa, 总温680 K. 通过时序的分析和调试, 对各分系统实现了高精度的同步控制; 定量的粒子注入及混合, 实现了粒子的均匀撒播, 对主流获得了均匀的显示效果; 对于边界层流动, 获得了精细的瞬态流动结构图像, 显示了层流到湍流的转捩过程, 并分析了其时空演化特性.     

A study of laser action on a free-molecular flow of atoms in a capillary

We found experimentally that resonance laser irradiation of a rarefied flow of atoms in a capillary causes their density at the exit to decrease. We established a dependence of the change in atomic density on the excitation intensity. The observed effect is shown to be related to the flow heating caused by hyperelastic collisions of excited atoms with the capillary wall. We describe the gas heating in a capillary taking into account the energy relaxation of hot atoms as they collide with the wall. We show that our experimental results can be explained by assuming that the energy accommodation coefficient for hot atoms during their collisions with the wall is close to unity.