局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

体全息光栅透镜的设计和应用

设计了一种新型的体全息光栅透镜, 在一块光学平板（体全息记录材料）内可以将输入光束产生横向传输并聚焦, 或对输入光点产生横传的准直. 它由一束平面波和一束球面波正交入射到光学平板上干涉形成的. 研究了该体全息透镜的光栅间距变化情况, 为设计和制备体全息光栅透镜及相关器件提供了理论依据. 基于两光束耦合波理论, 得到了该光栅透镜的耦合波方程, 近似计算了该透镜的衍射效率及其达到高衍射效率时透镜的最佳尺寸. 最后, 讨论了该透镜在集成光学等领域中的应用.     

用于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的全息耦合器

我们利用重铬酸明胶作为全息记录介质,制得了分光比接近1:1,总衍射效率超过60%的双重全息透镜.本文讨论了这种全息透镜作为Sagnac光纤干涉仪的耦合器的优点,并给出了初步的实验结果.本文还推导了倾斜光栅的Q因子,提出了全息光栅的等效Bragg定律,并通过它们设计出所需的全息透镜.     

反应离子束微细加工全息闪耀光栅研究

本文报道以无透镜傅里叶全息术变换记录的全息光栅作掩膜,应用反应离子束入射角控制光栅闪耀角,选择了合适刻蚀工艺参数,制得衍射效率为67%的SiO_2全息闪耀光栅。     

利用严格模式理论分析光栅透镜的衍射特性

光栅透镜因其独特的光学性能而具有广泛的应用.根据光栅透镜的线宽和间距微小渐变的特点,建立了光栅透镜的物理模型,并利用严格模式理论对其衍射特性进行分析.该方法物理概念清晰、公式简洁.对光栅透镜实现谐波分离、聚焦功能时的衍射效率与槽深关系的计算结果表明,其计算速度快、数值计算结果准确可靠.并对加工误差的影响进行了模拟计算,说明了在当前的微细加工的工艺水平条件下,能够制作出满足ICF系统要求的光栅透镜.实验上制作了尺寸为100 mm的大面积光栅透镜,其衍射效率的实验测试结果与理论计算结果一致.     

大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的设计和制备

高性能体全息光栅是全息波导的重要耦合元件,角带宽小、平均衍射效率不高是制约体全息光栅性能的重要因素。以不对称倾斜记录为出发点,设计并制备了大角带宽高衍射效率的体全息光栅。首先讨论在横电模式光和横磁模式光下体全息光栅的记录参数与其衍射效率的关系,找到平均衍射效率较高的记录参数范围,随后进一步分析在此范围内的记录参数与体全息光栅的角带宽的关系,从而确定获得大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的最佳记录参数。实验结果表明:在参考光入射角度为25°、信号光入射角度为30°时,制备的体全息光栅的角带宽达到±14°,衍射效率为82%。     

变波长读出条件下光折变局域体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用二维耦合波理论,研究了用短波长记录全息光栅而用通讯波段内的长波长读出时,用于90°结构垂直读出平板型的光折变局域体全息光栅的衍射性质.讨论了局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸对其衍射效率及光栅布喇格选择性的影响.结果表明,随着光栅的纵向和横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加.当光栅的纵向和横向尺寸发生改变但光栅的总面积不变时,光栅衍射效率保持不变.此外,随着光栅尺寸的增加光栅的布喇格选择性越好.在利用短波长记录全息光栅而用长波长读出的光学器件设计过程中,为了获得最佳的衍射效率及其布喇格选择特性,应当根据要求合理地设计光栅的几何尺寸.     

高衍射效率闪耀全息透镜

提出一种制作位相全息透镜－闪耀全息透镜新设计，利用它可使位相全息透镜的位相分布类似位相菲涅耳透镜，其衍射效率理论值可达９５％以上，但其制作过程要比位相菲涅耳透镜容易，文中给出了原理分析和实验验证，初步结果是令人满意的。     

表面摩擦处理对全息聚合物分散液晶光栅电光特性的影响

为了提高全息聚合物分散液晶光栅的衍射效率并降低其驱动电压,改善光栅的电光特性,研究了表面平行摩擦取向对全息聚合物分散液晶光栅电光特性的影响.理论分析认为,改善相分离结构和降低液晶微滴之间的有序度差异是优化光栅电光特性的根本所在.由于进行表面取向处理后的液晶和单体之间达到扩散匹配,使得相分离的程度大幅提高,在衍射能力增强的同时驱动电压也实现了大幅下降,而且,表面取向作用也使光栅内的液晶分子均匀排列,降低了液晶微滴之间的有序度差异,从而减少了光栅的散射损失.实验结果表明:进行取向处理后的光栅其衍射效率由传统光 关键词： 全息聚合物分散液晶 衍射效率 驱动电压     

全息波导显示系统中输出光栅的优化

全息波导显示系统中输出光栅的衍射效率、位置和长度对整个显示系统的光强输出均匀性及能量利用率有重要的影响.通常输出光强均匀性由输出光栅的衍射效率决定,能量利用率受多重光栅的位置和长度影响.本文以中心视场光束的输出光强均匀为目的,对相应输出光栅衍射效率的位置分布进行优化与曲线拟合,得到输出光栅衍射效率随输出位置连续递增的分布曲线,并应用到所有视场光束.计算结果表明,相比于传统阶梯状衍射效率分布输出光栅,全息波导显示系统中采用具有连续衍射效率分布输出光栅时的光强输出均匀性得到明显提升.针对部分衍射光束未能进入出瞳的现象,提出错位优化法,按照出瞳大小和使用距离优化各重输出光栅的位置和尺寸,减小了光栅的无效衍射区域,提高了出瞳范围内的能量利用率.     

Testing of holographic optical elements for holographic gun-sight

Conventional methods of measuring the various parameters of holographic optical elements are tedious for mass production. A novel approach is described for the holographic elements used in the holographic sight, in which the parameters are defined and measured as per their intended final application. Since the holographic sight is used for accurate target acquisition along with the other features, parallax in the sight becomes a critical parameter. Besides, the maximum brightness of the reticle is another parameter of the device, which is important for the use of sight in the strong sunlight in summers. There are two holographic elements, namely holographic reticle and holographic lens in the sight. Both can be tested in a simple set-up in terms of the parallax of the sight and the brightness of the reticle. The masters for both elements are required to be benchmarked once and rest of the elements in a mass production can be tested with the reference of masters.     

裸眼3D LED显示的全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法

全息透镜板的高精度拼接与装配是基于全息透镜技术的大屏幕LED裸眼3D显示系统搭建中的关键问题。理论计算与实验结果表明,全息透镜板与LED显示模组横向相对位置误差小于1.332mm时,可以满足显示的要求。基于裸眼3D显示系统的投射条纹,提出了基于投射条纹的全息透镜板位置实时调整方法。依据此方法提出了基于极大值测量条纹中心间距的图像处理算法,并结合LabView编写了图像处理程序。实验结果表明,使用该方法测得的亮暗条纹间距的测量精度为0.1mm,反算出全息透镜板与LED屏之间的位置误差小于0.03mm,满足实时调整全息透镜板位置的要求,可以作为全息透镜板在线拼接的检测方法。     

大尺寸物光波面彩色数字全息高质量重建研究

为解决检测面尺寸较大时CCD难以得到高质量数字全息图的问题,本文利用负透镜设计光学系统让CCD接收来自物体的缩小虚像,以球面波为参考波,使用单色CCD近距离得到三种色光照射下的大尺寸彩色物体的数字全息图,然后采用可控放大率波面重建算法得到同一尺寸的数字全息重建像,合成彩色数字全息重建像.同时,使用两种消零级方法去除零级干扰,提高重建像质量,一种方法利用空间光调制器相移技术在参考光中加入一次任意相移,记录两幅数字全息图,消除重建零级像|另一种方法使用“无干扰全息图”消除重建零级像及共轭像.本文讨论结果可为大物体彩色数字全息及多波长数字全息检测应用提供有益的参考.     

A method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating in the fabrication process of guided mode resonance filter

Subwavelength optical element such as guided-mode resonance filter has gained much interest recently due to its properties and applications. It is very hard to fabricate an ideal guided-mode resonance filter with the same parameters as the designed one. The reason is that the resonance wavelength of guided-mode resonance filter is susceptible to the fabrication errors of its parameters, such as the period, the groove depth, the thickness of a guided-wave layer, and the refraction indexes of materials, etc. In this article, a method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating which was used as a sub-layer of the guided mode resonance filter is investigated. Results show that utilizing a convex lens placed in the exposure position can cause the adjusting of the period of subwavelength planar grating more convenient in the holographic optical path during the fabrication process. Accuracy controlling the period of grating which was used as the sub-layer of guided-mode resonance filter has great significance in the fabrication of guided-mode resonance filter.     

Fabrication of double-aperture hololens imaging system: application to mechanics

Duffy suggested the use of double-aperture imaging system for the measurement of in-plane displacement component. In this arrangement, twin apertures are placed symmetrically over the imaging lens. This imaging system is used in speckle metrology to measure component of displacement parallel to the line joining the two apertures. The imaging lens used in such configuration need not be diffraction limited over the entire lens aperture, but only over the two small areas encompassed by the two apertures. In present work, compact holographic lenses have been used to generate the two apertures of Duffy's double-aperture interferometer. This imaging system has been used in speckle metrology to measure crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) in an aluminium beam specimen having central edge crack subjected to three point bending. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Present experimental investigation reveals that compact holographic lenses can be used advantageously to generate apertures of double-aperture speckle interferometer for its use in the measurement of in-plane displacement component.     

柱面透镜和圆锥透镜的相息图

本文基于新近提出的计算全息透镜制备原理，对柱面透镜和圆锥透铁相息图作了计算。该方法的优点是当这类全息光学元件的有关参数发生变化时能进行灵活调整，无须进行重新设计。     

Investigation of wavefront reconstruction by a two-lens system

A two-lens system was used to obtain wavefront reconstruction (WFR) by stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering with the beam focus varied over a large range of distances. A fixed scattering object was placed between two lenses, and the focus of the two-lens system was varied continuously from near the second lens, through the image of the scattering object on to infinity by moving the first lens accordingly. In all prior experiments reported in literature the image of the object was formed beyond the lens focus. Images reconstructed by stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering were obtained and their positions and magnifications were in agreement with the holographic model.     

多重结构的体全息存储傅里叶变换光学系统设计

分析了体全息存储傅里叶变换光学系统的设计要求和光学参量的确定。采用多重结构方法对傅里叶变换镜头的正向和逆向光路同时进行了优化,可实现对两对物像共扼位置控制像差。给出了前后组焦距分别为44mm和40mm的达到衍射受限要求的4片型球面全息存储光学系统的设计结果。     

全息透镜的焦距测量

本文首先给出了全息透镜像散成像的焦距公式,介绍了用全息光栅法测量全息透镜焦距的原理,对两块自制的全息透镜在原光路再现情况下测量了其焦距,并用另一种参数测量方法对测量结果进行了验证,两者基本相符。通过分别测量全息透镜两个焦距,从而可得出其像散大小。最后指出了使用这种方法应注意的问题。