微结构表面封闭式喷雾冷却传热特性

以蒸馏水为工质,在闭式循环喷雾冷却系统上,变化喷雾流量,研究了表面几何结构对喷雾传热性能的影响。从对流换热和相变换热比例关系的角度,对喷雾换热机理进行了实验研究。结果表明:与光滑表面相比,微结构表面可明显增强喷雾换热强度,这主要归因于相变换热的增强。表面温度较低时,直肋面换热效果最好 ;增大流量,光面换热增强,而直肋面变化不明显。表面温度较高时,方肋面换热效果最好;随着流量增大,所有面换热均增强。对于微结构表面,相变换热份额均大于50%,故而以相变换热为主;而光滑表面,即使在温度较低时,相变换热份额也大于20%。临界热流密度与三相接触线长度正相关,流量为15.9 mL/min时,方肋面、直肋面和光面的临界热流密度依次为159.1,120.2,109.8 W/cm2,蒸发效率分别为96.0%,72.5%,67.1%。     

树型微通道网络在集成微电子冷却中的应用

本文通过数值求解三维的N-S方程以及能量守恒方程,研究了树型微通道网络热沉的温度分布特点,指出了常规树型网络结构在集成微电子冷却应用中的局限性,并通过详细的分析对其进行了局部改进.改进后的树型网络极大地提高了热沉的热性能同时还降低了压降.和平行微通道相比,改进后的树型微通道网络具有更小的压降,具有更小的热阻和更好的温度均匀性.因此具有很大的应用前景.     

Dynamics of coupled Josephson junctions under the influence of applied fields

We investigate the effect of the phase difference of applied fields on the dynamics of mutually coupled Josephson junctions. A phase difference between the applied fields desynchronizes the system. It is found that though the amplitudes of the output voltage values are uncorrelated, a phase correlation is found to exist for small values of applied phase difference. The dynamics of the system is found to change from chaotic to periodic for certain values of phase difference. We report that by keeping the value of phase difference as π, the system continues to be in periodic motion for a wide range of values of system parameters. This result may find applications in devices like voltage standards, detectors, SQUIDS, etc., where chaos is least desired.     

Phase Locking and Chaos in a Josephson Junction Array Shunted by a Common Resistance

The dynamics of a Josephson junction array shunted by a common resistance are investigated by using numerical methods. Coexistence of phase locking and chaos is observed in the system when the resistively and capacitively shunted junction model is adopted. The corresponding parameter ranges for phase locking and chaos are presented. When there are three resistively shunted junctions in the array, chaos is found for the first time and the parameter range for chaos is also presented. According to the theory of Chernikov and Schmidt, when there are four or more junctions in the array, the system exhibits chaotic behavior. Our results indicate that the theory of Chernikov and Schmidt is not exactly appropriate.     

含润滑油R134a在微通道内沸腾-空化耦合实验研究

混入了矿物润滑油的制冷剂R134a,流经带有空化结构的微通道,发生了沸腾-空化耦合相变现象。无氧铜铜板上刻有长150 mm宽0.8 m深1 mm的微通道,微通道内置有长4 mm宽0.2mm的矩形空化结构。铜板上面覆盖有玻璃片。观察测量不同流量及不同加热量下通道内的流形及通道背面温度。实验结果表明:润滑油抑制了相变现象的发生,降低了换热效率;工作介质为混入润滑油的制冷剂时,通道背面温度远高于工作介质为纯净制冷剂时的通道背面温度。     

Influence of Fluid Flow Distribution in Micro-Channel Arrays to Phase Transition Processes

Microstructured heat exchangers are well suited for such phase transition processes as evaporation of liquids due to their heat transfer capabilities, being two to three orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional heat transfer devices. Controlling liquid evaporation inside micro-channels to provide full evaporation in a stable way is not trivial. In most cases, such instabilities as slug flow, bubbly flow, or vapor clogging occur, based on cross-talk possibilities between the individual micro-channels of a channel array, normally caused by open void inlet structures. Therefore, fluid inlet distribution is inhomogeneous, which results, in the best case, in a parabolic shape of a stable evaporation frontline. The parabolic shape occurs due to the residence time distribution of the fluid, generated by shorter path length in the array center and longer ones in the outer areas of the micro-channel array. Computational fluid dynamics simulation approves this result. Such a frontline can be kept stable when the process parameters are well controlled. Small deviations of the inlet parameters may lead to strong disturbances of the evaporation process, destabilizing it. When changing the inlet fluid distribution system to provide the most equal flow distribution possible, the span of the parabolic shape of the evaporation frontline can be reduced drastically. Finally, a stable evaporation frontline perpendicular to flow direction can be obtained. This status is no longer very sensitive to process deviations.

This article presents an optimized micro-channel device for the optical investigation of phase transition phenomena. The device allows the exchange of integrated micro-channel arrays to investigate different designs for their suitability. It is separated into three independent sections, which can be heated or cooled individually. Therefore, very strict and rapid temperature jumps can be obtained within relatively short distances. The micro-channel array foils used for the experiments have been manufactured by mechanical micro-machining. Thus, the cross-sections of the micro-channels are always rectangular. Hydraulic diameter and length of the micro-channels, as well as the shape of the inlet and outlet voids, can be varied. Using a simple triangular or rectangular open inlet void, a stable evaporation line was generated, showing a parabolic shape. Depending on the mass flow and the size and shape of the inlet void, the span of the parabolic arc was influenceable.     

高热流密度下矩形微小通道对流换热的模拟与优化

本文采用FLUENT软件对高热流密度下微小通道的换热效果进行数值模拟,以热源平均温度、热源表面温差和泵功作为判据,对微小通道的结构尺寸进行优化。通过优化结果发现,在文中所讨论的尺寸范围内,最佳水力直径为0.615 mm、深宽比为3.25,拟合出各无量纲参数之间影响传热的关系式,并应用模拟结果对(火积)耗散原理进行验证。     

适用于服务器CPU散热的微通道两相流研究

设计了一套以R134a为冷媒的微槽道两相流循环散热系统,用于冷却高发热密度的服务器CPU,实测综合传热系数1000~1200 W/(m^2·℃)。冷却水既可以由制冷机提供,也可以由蒸发冷却装置提供.搭建了实验测试平台,系统地测试和对比了该系统在不同CPU负荷和冷却水供水温度工况下的散热性能.测试结果表明,通过饱和温度为25~30℃的R134a两相流相变传热,可将散热热流密度为3 W/cm^2量级、总散热量在50~150 W量级的CPU本体温度稳定控制在50~60℃。根据实测数据,在不同气候条件下,该系统应用于大型数据中心全年理论能效比可以达到10以上,远高于常规机房空调。该系统具有换热能力强、体积小、能效高、冷源温度高、适用性广、节能潜力大等优点,具有可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

竖直微槽道内EHD强化饱和沸腾传热研究

针对微槽内饱和沸腾汽泡建立了简化模型,并利用COMSOL Mu ltiphysics软件对电场中汽泡动力学特性进行了数值模拟,分析了微槽道内EHD(electrohydro dynam ics)强化沸腾传热机理。实验以去离子水为工质,研究了外加直流电场下两种规格的矩形微细槽道内饱和沸腾传热强化特性,电压在0~28kV内,EHD技术对微细槽道内的饱和沸腾传热有明显的强化效果。     

多孔结构毛细芯蒸发器传热特性的实验研究

本文针对不同压力条件下不同换热表面结构的毛细结构蒸发器气(?)液相变传热特性进行了实验研究。选取微槽道结构和烧结丝网结构的换热表面分别在蒸发压力为0.86×10~5 Pa、0.91×10~5 Pa、0 96×10~5 Pa、1.0×10~5 Pa、1.5×10~5 Pa、2.0×10~5 Pa条件下进行了传热特性研究并对其实验结果进行对比,结果表明,压力对换热系数有重要的影响,当压力范围为0.86×10~5～1.0×10~5 Pa时,在过热度相同的条件下,随着压力的增加,换热系数呈上升趋势;在较大压力的条件下,换热系数随着过热度的增加呈先升后降的趋势。     

Excitonic-vibronic coupled dimers: A dynamic approach

The dynamical properties of exciton transfer coupled to polarization vibrations in a two site system are investigated in detail. A fixed point analysis of the full system of Bloch-oscillator equations representing the coupled excitonic-vibronic flow is performed. For overcritical polarization a bifurcation converting the stable bonding ground state to a hyperbolic unstable state which is basic to the dynamical properties of the model is obtained. The phase space of the system is generally of a mixed type: Above bifurcation chaos develops starting from the region of the hyperbolic state and spreading with increasing energy over the Bloch sphere leaving only islands of regular dynamics. The behaviour of the polarization oscillator accordingly changes from regular to chaotic.     

The role of structural heat exchange and heat loss in the design of efficient silicon micro-combustors

The performance of millimeter-scale combustors intended for miniaturized power and propulsion systems is strongly influenced by heat exchange to and within the combustor structure. Accordingly, a one-dimensional model with full chemistry that includes heat exchange to and within the combustor wall has been developed. It is used to study the effects of axial heat transfer from the post-flame to the pre-flame via wall conduction in a silicon micro-channel combustor with planar symmetry. The simulations show that axial heat transfer widens stability limits, increases the burning rate, and can enable the construction of smaller, higher power density combustors. Axial heat transfer also enhances the benefits of operating at elevated pressures. The simulations also show that heat loss to the environment places a lower bound on the combustor volume. Maximum power density combustor configurations are identified under adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions. The maximum power density tends to increase with increasing pressure while the micro-channel length and height associated with the maximum tend to decrease.     

基于流动沸腾传热机理的分段式微通道结构优化研究

列车牵引变流器功率模块IGBT的散热问题近年来备受关注.本文以微通道内流动沸腾换热的"M"型曲线峰值点传热强化理论为依据,通过实验研究微通道长度和结构对冷板表面温度的影响,发现短通道能够有效控制通道内蒸汽干度水平,使得微通道冷板内以弹状流或薄膜环状流为主流流型,从而获得较高传热系数.在一定面积的冷板内设置短通道组合的分...     

垂直上升管内液体横掠流动传热特性研究

本文对单相水和单相油横掠流动时的平均换热特性进行了实验研究,对试验的结果进行了分析和讨论,并对实验数据进行关联,得到了垂直上升管内单相水和单相油横掠流动时的换热准则关系式。结果表明,狭窄空间条件下的液体横掠柱体时的流动换热对液相Re数的依赖,较大空间条件下的流动换热相比明显减小,并对单相水和单相油横掠流动时的换热性能进行了比较。     

矩形微通道中流阻特性的实验研究

以工程上常用的66%的乙二醇水溶液作为工质,对几何特性相似而高宽比不同的4种纯铝矩形微通道内的流动特性进行了实验研究,得到了微通道冷板基础性的设计数据。实验测量了Reynolds数在50~500之间的流动阻力系数。实验结果表明:通道高度H与宽度W之比对微通道流阻特性有显著的影响;当Re数小于100时,在实验误差内,流动阻力系数的值近似等于经典理论计算值;随着Re数的增大和高宽比的变化,f的值远大于理论值,这可能是由微通道内部壁面粗糙度效应所导致的。     

高功率激光器喷雾冷却的实验研究

 以水为冷却介质,采用Spray公司的TG0.3机械雾化实心圆锥喷嘴,在体积通量为0.044,0.049和0.053 m³/(m²·s)情况下,对刻有不同微结构槽道冷却面的无沸腾区换热性能进行实验研究。结果表明：刻有微结构的表面可明显增强换热效果;壁面刻有高为0.2 mm的微结构槽道且壁面温度为52 ℃时,体积通量为0.044 m³/(m²·s则热流可达260 W/cm²,通量为0.053 m³/(m²·s则散热功率高达376 W/cm²,完全可以满足当前高功率激光器的散热需求。对于光滑面以及槽肋高为0.1和0.2 mm的换热面,其换热能力随着体积通量的增加而增强;换热面高度为0.4 mm时,通量对换热的影响变得较微弱。微结构槽道不仅增加了换热面积,还有利于液膜扩散,减小液膜厚度,增强换热。在三种不同的流量通量下,高度为0.2 mm的微结构槽道换热性能最佳。     

压力边界条件下微通道内气体流动换热特性研究

本文用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法对给定进出口压力边界条件下微通道内气体的流动换热特性进行了数值模拟,给 出了壁面与流体的温差对气体沿程压力、温度及数密度分布的影响。计算结果表明,当壁温高于流体温度时,温差仅出现 在通道进出口处,但其发生机理却不同;流体可压缩性与稀薄性均得到增强,沿程压力分布更加非线性。     

Magneto-elastic dynamics and bifurcation of rotating annular plate

In this paper, magneto-elastic dynamic behavior, bifurcation, and chaos of a rotating annular thin plate with various boundary conditions are investigated. Based on the thin plate theory and the Maxwell equations, the magneto-elastic dynamic equations of rotating annular plate are derived by means of Hamilton's principle. Bessel function as a mode shape function and the Galerkin method are used to achieve the transverse vibration differential equation of the rotating annular plate with different boundary conditions. By numerical analysis, the bifurcation diagrams with magnetic induction, amplitude and frequency of transverse excitation force as the control parameters are respectively plotted under different boundary conditions such as clamped supported sides, simply supported sides, and clamped-one-side combined with simply-anotherside. Poincare′ maps, time history charts, power spectrum charts, and phase diagrams are obtained under certain conditions,and the influence of the bifurcation parameters on the bifurcation and chaos of the system is discussed. The results show that the motion of the system is a complicated and repeated process from multi-periodic motion to quasi-period motion to chaotic motion, which is accompanied by intermittent chaos, when the bifurcation parameters change. If the amplitude of transverse excitation force is bigger or magnetic induction intensity is smaller or boundary constraints level is lower, the system can be more prone to chaos.     

Transition phase and thermodynamic properties of GaN via first-principles calculations

The transition phase of GaN from zincblende (ZB) structure to rocksalt structure (RS) is investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method, and the thermodynamic properties of the ZB and RS structures are obtained through the quasi-harmonic Debye model. We find that the transition phase from the ZB structure to the RS structure occurs at the pressure of 42.2 GPa, which is in good agreement with other calculated values. Moreover, the dependences of the relative volume V/V₀ on the pressure P, the Debye temperature Θ and heat capacity C_V on the pressure P, as well as the heat capacity C_V on the temperature T are also successfully obtained.