微纳结构光纤光谱学

微纳结构光纤光谱学是指以空芯微结构或微纳光纤为样品池,光和物质在纤芯内部或表面进行相互作用的光谱学技术。本文回顾空芯和微纳光纤导光的基本原理,介绍气体、液体样品池构建的理论和方法,综述基于光谱吸收、光热、光声、荧光、拉曼等效应的微纳结构光纤光谱学的最新进展及今后可能的发展方向。微纳结构光纤对光场的束缚能力强、模场能量在空气中的比例高,可实现光和物质在其中的高效、长距离相互作用。微纳结构光纤样品池的采用,可提升传统光谱学系统的性能或构建新型的光谱学系统;应用传输光纤与其他光学元器件进行柔性连接,可促进光谱学仪器和传感器的小型化和实用化。     

微纳金属光学结构制备技术及应用

微纳光学结构制备技术一直是微纳光子学器件发展的技术瓶颈.针对微纳光学结构制备技术向小尺寸、高精度和广泛应用发展的趋势,报道了基于电子束、X射线和接近式光学的混合光刻制作微纳金属光学结构技术.针对微纳光子学器件复杂图形开发了微光刻数据处理体系,基于矢量扫描电子束光刻设备在自支撑薄膜上进行1×高分辨率图形形成,利用X射线光...     

若干新型微纳光子学器件研究

光子晶体和纳米光纤是两种重要的微纳光子学材料,各自具有非常独特的控制光子传输状态的功能,是研究微纳尺度下光与物质相互作用的重要平台,也是实现新型微纳光子学器件的重要基础.文章简要介绍了超快速低功率光子晶体全光开关、纳米光纤传感器、干涉器和介质-金属纳米线复合结构器件的研究进展.     

T型结构微纳尺度偏振无关光栅耦合器

本刊讯采用光栅结构作为耦合器,有着耦合面积小、耦合效率高和耦合方式简单等优点,广泛应用于硅基集成光电子器件与光纤的垂直耦合。然而,微纳尺度的光栅和其他光学微纳器件一样,由于尺寸小使得器件对于TE、TM模式的有效折射率存在较大差异,器件性能与偏振密切相关。     

“机器微纳光学科学家”:人工智能在微纳光学设计的应用与发展

微纳光学材料与器件是光通信、光传感、生物光子学、激光、量子光学等诸多光学领域的关键.目前微纳光学设计主要依赖传统数值方法,存在依赖计算资源、创新效率低、得到全局最优设计困难的难题,是当前微纳光学设计的瓶颈.人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)目前已经在多个学科开展应用,带来了科学研究的新范式.本文从微纳光学设计对象、数据集构建、学习任务与算法以及性能度量四个方面对AI在微纳光学设计领域的应用进行综述.对AI在微纳光学研究中的难点及未来的发展趋势进行了分析与展望.     

保偏微纳光纤倏逝场传感器

近年来,保偏微纳光纤以其高双折射特性和强倏逝场效应引起了研究者的关注.本文从保偏微纳光纤的结构类型、制备方法和模式双折射特性等出发,介绍了目前不同类型保偏微纳光纤倏逝场传感器的构造特征与实现方法,利用保偏微纳光纤在两个垂直偏振方向的倏逝场对外界的不同响应,可制成偏振相关的干涉型或光栅型等传感器件.本文探究了包括超高折射率灵敏度特性和温度不敏感特性等的内在产生机理,并考察了保偏微纳光纤倏逝场传感器在折射率、湿度、磁场和特异性DNA分子探测等方面的应用,其结果对微纳光纤及其传感器的研究和应用具有重要的意义.     

基于倏逝场耦合的石墨烯波导光传输相位特性仿真与实验研究

石墨烯材料应用到各种光波导器件中正成为新一代光子器件的重要发展方向之一,目前基于石墨烯的光纤和集成光子器件研究越来越受到国内外的重视. 本文建立了一种由微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场,并在石墨烯薄膜中传输的模型. 通过有限元分析法,研究了光在这种石墨烯波导中传输光场的强度分布和相位特性,并通过实验进行了验证. 结果表明,沿着微纳光纤-石墨烯光波导传播的倏逝场的强度分布和相位均受石墨烯材料作用,石墨烯材料能有效聚集和导行波导中传输的高阶模,在单位传输长度上具有更密集的等相位面. 本文提出了一种利用微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场研究石墨烯相位响应特性的新方法,对基于石墨烯波导的新型调制器、滤波器、激光器和传感器等光子器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义. 关键词： 石墨烯平面光波导 倏逝波 光场强度 相位     

微纳光电子与激光专题编者按

微纳光电子技术是目前发展迅速、研究活跃、应用性强的前沿交叉领域之一.人们利用亚波长尺度微纳结构对电磁波振幅、偏振、相位、角动量等进行调控,设计出多种功能性器件,例如:完美吸波器、反射镜/偏折器、光学相控阵天线、超材料/超表面器件、超透镜、轨道角动量(OAM)器件、光频率梳、片上激光器等.可用于微纳光电子器件设计和分析的...     

基于石英晶体天平和微纳光纤的有机污染物在线监测

为了监测高功率激光驱动器中有机污染物的挥发特性以及其在光学元件表面的沉积特性,研究了基于石英晶体微量天平和微纳光纤传感器的真空腔体内有机物在线监测技术.首先测试了不同分子态污染物浓度时石英晶体天平的响应性能,然后采用视角因子等分法对微纳光纤传感器和石英晶体天平进行对比实验,模拟有机污染物在光学表面沉积的特性.实验结果表明,石英晶体天平和微纳光纤测试有机物在光学表面沉积时响应一致,均可用于高功率激光驱动器有机污染物的在线监测;当污染物面密度大于0.5×10-5g/cm2时,微纳光纤传感器有较高精度和响应速度;有机污染物浓度越高,其更容易吸附沉积在光学元件表面.     

基于PDMS的光纤端面微纳结构转移法

微纳光纤传感器将微纳加工与光纤传感技术有机结合，具有重大的科研意义和产业化潜力。现有加工方法无法达到任意复杂三维结构可制备化，从而限制了微纳光纤传感器的发展。介绍了一种新型微纳加工方法，该方法在聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）薄膜上实现微纳结构的制备，之后将薄膜连同微纳结构一同转移到光纤端面，在光纤端面实现人为定义三维立体微纳结构。通过在扫描电镜下对制备的样品进行检测，确认PDMS薄膜及其上三维结构可被无损转移至光纤端面。该方法具有易制备、低成本且可加工三维微纳结构的特点。     

Recent Advances of Light Propagation in Surface Plasmon Enhanced Quantum Dot Devices

Surface plasmons are of particular interest recently as their performance is approaching the enhancement of light emission efficiencies, after synthesized close to the vicinity of solid state materials, i.e., semiconductor structure. As other scientific works have been proposed to improve the light-emitting efficiency, such as the use of resonant cavities, photon recycling, and thin-light emitting layers with periodic surface texturing, surface plasmon possesses a promising way to the light enhancement, due to the energy coupling effect between the emitted photons from the semiconductor and the metallic nanoparticles fabricated by nanotechnology. The usual pathway of plasmon enhanced light emitting devices is the use of Ag/Au nanoparticles coating the surface of semiconductor quantum dot (QD) or quantum well (QW) structures. However, apart from efforts to extract as much light as possible from single-driven surface plasmon-QD/QW, it is possible to enhance the light emission rate with double optical-excitations. This approach is based on the quantum interference between the external lasers and the localized quantum light, and promised to stimulate the development of plasmon-enhanced optical sensors. In this review, we describe the quantum properties of light propagation in hybrid nanoparticle and semiconductor materials, i.e., quantum dot or nanomechanical resonator coupled to Ag/Au nanoparticles, driven by two optical fields. Distinct with single excitation, plasmon-assisted complex driven by two optical fields, exhibit specific quantum interference characteristics that can be used as sensitive all-optical devices, such as the slow light switch, nonlinear optical Kerr modulator, and ultra-sensitive mass sensing. We summarize the recent advances of light propagation in surface plasmon-enhanced quantum dot devices, driven by two optical fields, which would stimulate the development of novel optical materials, deeper theoretical insights, innovative new devices, and plasmonic applications with potential for significant technological and societal impact.     

Ion beam synthesis of metal-quantum dots for photonic applications

Although electronics technologies have made great advances in device speed, optical devices can function in the time domain inaccessible to electronics. In the time domain less than 1 ps, optical devices have no competition. Photonic or optical devices are designed to switch and process light signals without converting them to electronic form. The major advantages that these devices offer are speed and preservation of bandwidth. The switching is accomplished through changes in refractive index of the material that are proportional to the light intensity. The third-order optical susceptibility, χ⁽³⁾, known as the optical Kerr susceptibility which is related to the non-linear part of the total refractive index, is the nonlinearity which provides this particular feature. Future opportunities in photonic switching and information processing will depend critically on the development of improved photonic materials with enhanced Kerr susceptibilities, as these materials are still in a relatively early stage of development. Different glass systems are now under investigation to increase their nonlinearity by introducing a variety of modifiers into the glass-network. Ion implantation is an attractive method for inducing colloid formation at a high local concentration unattainable by the melt-glass fabrication process and for confining the non-linearities to specific patterned regions in a variety of host matrices. Recent works on metal-ion implanted colloid generation in bulk fused silica glasses have shown that these nanocluster-glass composites under favourable circumstances have significant enhancement of χ⁽³⁾ with picosecond to femtosecond temporal responses.     

In-fiber integrated optics: an emerging photonics integration technology [Invited]

In-fiber integrated optics is an attempt to use silica fiber as a substrate, integrating various optical paths or optical components into a single fiber, to build a functional optical device or component, and to realize a micro optical system, achieving various functions. In-fiber integrated optics is expected to be a new branch of photonics integration. This integration technique enables convenient light beams control and manipulation inside in one fiber. It also provides a research platform with micro and nano scale for interaction between light wave and microfluidic materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the main ideas and key technologies of the in-fiber integrated optics by series integration examples.     

太赫兹波段表面等离子光子学研究进展

表面等离子光子学是研究金属、 半导体纳米结构材料独特的光学特性, 是目前光子学中最有吸引力、 发展最快的领域之一. 伴随着微/纳制造技术与计算机模拟技术的进步, 表面等离子光子学在可见光、 红外、 太赫兹以及微波频域得到了广泛研究, 在高灵敏生化传感、 亚波长光波导、 近场光学显微、 纳米光刻等领域有潜在的应用价值. 特别是人工超材料的发展, 为自然界长期缺乏响应太赫兹波的材料和器件奠定了基础, 从而也促进了太赫兹波段表面等离子光子学的研究. 本文从太赫兹表面等离子波的激发、 传导、 最新应用及未来发展趋势等几个方面进行了回顾和讨论, 将最新研究成果展示给读者.     

被动光学限幅器的机制与研究进展

被动光学限幅器是利用介质的非线性光学性质实现对光的强度进行控制的器件，它在科研，军事和民用方面都具有广泛的应用，文章讨论了被动光学限幅器的反饱和吸收，双光子吸收，自由载流子吸收，非线性折射，光致散射和光折变机制，每种机制在光限幅器应用中的有效性及局限性，介绍了国内外研究状况及自己的工作；指出了今后被动光学限幅器研究的发展方向。     

新型光学材料发展综述

新型光学材料是指光电数码及信息产品所应用的技术含量高、制作难度大、光学性能优越的光学材料,一般是指镧系光学玻璃、环保系列光学玻璃、低熔点及磷酸盐光学玻璃等。目前我国光学材料的研究开发水平与国外发达国家相比还有一定的差距,特别是与日本和德国等国际知名光学材料生产厂家相比,无论从光学玻璃品种还是生产工艺及设备都存在着明显的差距。目前我国光学材料行业仍以生产传统的光学玻璃为主,一些新型材料需从国外进口,不能完全满足我国高科技发展的需要。在光学材料方面,我国急待需要进行技术研究和技术创新工作,即开发新型的光学材料,研究先进的制造工艺以及测试技术,尽快形成我国的产业化规模生产。     

Optical beam splitting and asymmetric transmission in bi-layer metagratings

In this work, inspired by advances in twisted two-dimensional materials, we design and study a new type of optical bi-layer metasurface system, which is based on subwavelength metal slit arrays with phase-gradient modulation, referred to as metagratings(MGs). It is shown that due to the found reversed diffraction law, the interlayer interaction that can be simply adjusted by the gap size can produce a transition from optical beam splitting to high-efficiency asymmetric transmission of incident light from two opposite directions. Our results provide new physics and some advantages for designing subwavelength optical devices to realize efficient wavefront manipulation and one-way propagation.     

微流控光学器件与系统的研究进展

微流控技术作为微全分析系统的关键与核心,一直是MEMS领域中的一个研究重点。随着微流控技术水平的不断提高以及与其它学科的不断渗透与融合,近年来已经涌现出一批令人注目的研究热点,其中微流控光学器件就是其典型代表。微流控技术与光学器件的融合,为传统光学器件的微型化、阵列化、低成本化以及高精度控制提供了可能。叙述了一些基于微流控技术的可变焦光透镜、显示器件、光开关、以及可调光纤光栅等新型光学器件的近期研究成果和应用背景。     

Development of organic light‐emitting diodes for electro‐optical integrated devices

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are discussed for electro‐optical integrated devices that are used for optical signal transmission. Organic optical devices including polymeric optical fibers are used for optical communication applications to realize polymeric electro‐optical integrated devices. The OLEDs were fabricated by vacuum process, i.e. the organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) technique or a solution process on a polymeric or a glass substrate, for comparison. Optical signals faster than 100 MHz have been created by applying pulsed voltage directly to the OLED utilizing rubrene doped in 8‐hydoxyquinolinum aluminum (Alq₃), as an emissive layer. OLEDs fabricated by solution process utilizing rubrene doped in carrier‐transporting materials have also discussed. OLEDs utilizing polymeric materials by solution process are also fabricated and discussed. Moving‐picture signals are transmitted utilizing both vacuum‐ and solution‐processed OLEDs, respectively.     

半导体纳米材料和物理

半导体纳米材料是纳米材料的一个重要组成部分，纳米结构的电子和光子器件将成为下一代微电子和光电子器件的核心。文章介绍了半导体纳米材料研究的新进展，包括四个方面：半导体自组织生长量子点，纳米晶体，微腔光子晶体和纳米结构中的自旋电子学。本世纪开始的半导体纳米材料的研究是上世纪半导体超晶格量子阱研究的延续，同时又开辟了一些新的领域，如：单电子的电子学、单光子的光子学，微腔和光子晶体，稀磁半导体和自旋电子的相干输运等，这些研究将为研制在新原理基础上的新器件和实现量子计算、量子通信打下基础。