铱金属配合物磷光材料掺杂聚合物体系的电致发光特性

通过对一种新型贵金属铱的配合物磷光材料(pbi)₂Ir(acac)与咔唑共聚物进行物理掺杂, 制备了结构为indium-tin oxide(ITO)/poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK): (pbi)₂Ir(acac)(x)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenan throline(BCP)(20nm)/8-Hydroxyquinoline aluminum(Alq₃)(10nm)/Mg:Ag的聚合物电致磷光器件,研究了磷光聚合物掺杂体系在低掺杂浓度时(0.1%和0.5%(质量百分数,全文同))的光致发光(PL)和电致发光(EL)特性. 结果表明, 该掺杂体系的PL光谱和EL光谱中均同时存在主体材料PVK与磷光客体(pbi)₂Ir(acac)的发光光谱, 但主客体的发射强度不同,推测该掺杂体系在电致发光条件下, 同时存在主体材料到客体的不完全的能量传递和载流子直接俘获过程. 磷光掺杂浓度为0.1%的器件在19V电压下实现了白光发射, 色坐标为(0.32, 0.38), 掺杂浓度为0.5%的器件在20.6V电压下的最大发光亮度为11827 cd·m^-2, 而在13.4V电压下的最大流明效率为4.13 cd·A^-1. 关键词： 有机电致发光器件 铱配合物磷光 聚合物掺杂     

以BAlq为主体的高效高色纯度的红色有机电致磷光器件

以铱配合物红色磷光体Ir(piq)₂(acac)为掺杂剂,制备了基于BAlq材料的红色电致磷光器件,其结构为ITO/NPB(30nm)/Ir(piq)₂(acac):BAlq(25nm)/BCP(13nm)/Alq₃(35nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(1000nm),当掺杂浓度为8%的时候,器件发光的色坐标为(x=0.67,y=0.32),基本满足了全色显示对红色发光的要求。在电压为16V时,器件达到最高亮度9380cd/m²。在电流密度为5.45mA/cm²时,外量子效率达到最大5.7%。由于磷光体Ir(piq)₂(acac)的磷光寿命较短,所以器件在高电流密度下,仍然保持较高的外量子效率。电流密度为100mA/cm²时,外量子效率仍然维持在4.7%。进一步研究表明在器件中短程的Dexter能量传递以及红光染料对空穴的直接捕获两种机制同时存在。     

新型双色有机电致磷光器件

所研究的有机电致磷光发光器件(OLED)选用了一种新型金属铱的化合物Ir(C6)₂(acac),这种金属化合物由配位体香豆素C6和乙酰丙酮(acac)与金属铱化合形成。Ir(C6)₂(acac)可同时作为电子传输材料和发光掺杂剂。比较香豆素C6和Ir(C6)₂(acac)固体材料的光致发光谱,可见Ir(C6)₂(acac)明显抑制了有机电致发光材料分子与分子之间的发光猝灭效应。采用ITO/TPD(N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methyl-phenyl)-1,1′biphenyl-4,4′diamine)/Ir(C6)₂(acac)/BAlq(bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N₁,O₈)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum)/Alq₃aluminum/Liq(8-hydroxyquinolinelithium)/Al结构,可得到CIE(Commission Interationaled′Eclairage)值为x=0.43;y=0.40的橙红色发光器件,最高亮度可达3390cd/m₂,最大电流效率为1.3cd/A。采用同样的器件结构以Ir(C6)₂(acac)掺杂Alq₃主体得到绿色发光器件,发光色的CIE坐标值为x=0.29;y=0.58,最高亮度可达8832cd/m₂,最大电流效率为5.6cd/A。器件的发光机理研究表明Ir(C6)₂(acac)的非掺杂器件发光以Ir(C6)₂(acac)的三线态磷光为主,器件发光为橙色;在Alq₃中的单掺杂器件以Alq₃和Ir(C6)₂(acac)的荧光为主,同时有小比例Ir(C6)₂(acac)的三线态磷光成分存在,器件总体发光为绿色。     

发光层厚度变化的高效红色有机电致磷光器件

以铱配合物红色磷光体为掺杂剂，制备了基于TPBi材料的红色电致磷光器件,其结构为ITO/CuPc/NPB/TPBi:Btp₂Ir(acac)/ TPBi/Alq/LiF/Al.取得了在x=0.62，y=0.35的色度下，效率最高达2.43cd/A；电流密度为20mA/cm²时，亮度431cd/m²；电流密度为400mA/cm²时，亮度4798 cd/m²的结果.讨论了不同的发光层厚度影响器件色度和 关键词： 三线态 红光掺杂剂 有机电致磷光 T-T湮没     

间隔层对双发光层白色有机电致发光器件性能的影响

采用蓝色bis (FIrpic)和黄色bis iridium(acetylacetonate) 两种磷光染料,制备了双发光层结构的白色有机电致发光器件,器件结构为ITO/TAPC (30 nm)/host: (t-bt)₂Ir(acac) /spacer (x nm)/host: FIrpic (15 nm, 8%)/Bphen (40 nm)/Mg∶Ag (200 nm)。分别选用p型1,1-bis cyclohexane (TAPC)和n型tris borane (3TPYMB)作为主体材料制备了两种类型的器件,通过在两个发光层之间加入一层较薄的间隔层进行器件优化。结果表明,加入间隔层之后,器件性能得到提高,获得了色稳定性较好的白光器件。当主体为TAPC时,使用间隔层后器件取得最大亮度为19 550 cd/m²,最大电流效率为8.3 cd/A;当主体为3TPYMB时,使用间隔层后器件的最大亮度为1 950 cd/m²,最大电流效率为30.7 cd/A。实验结果表明,器件性能的提高,是由于加入了间隔层之后载流子复合区域拓宽,促进了发光层中电子和空穴的平衡。     

基于咪唑并吡啶类配体新型磷光材料的合成与表征

设计开发了系列新型咪唑并吡啶类铱(Ⅲ)配合物(BIPy)₂Ir(acac)、(PIPy)₂Ir(acac)、 (4'-MPIPy)₂-Ir(acac)。在化合物Ⅲ中,当R=Ph时得到(BIPy)₂Ir(acac)材料,其中BIPy和acac分别表示2-(4-联苯基)咪唑并吡啶和乙酰丙酮。将(BIPy)₂Ir(acac)掺杂在N,N'-二咔唑-(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二胺(CBP)中制备了高效OLEDs器件,器件的最大电流效率为26.7 cd/A,最大亮度为18 000 cd/cm²,色坐标为(0.32,0.60),是首次报道的新型苯基咪唑并吡啶类铱(Ⅲ)配合物绿色磷光材料。     

光谱稳定的互补色双发光层高效混合白光OLED

利用两种颜色的发光层制备了光谱稳定的高效混合WOLED。其中蓝光发光层用14%质量分数的BNE掺杂在BePP₂中,橙光发光层用1%质量分数的Ir（bt）₂（acac）掺杂在49.5%质量分数的NPB和49.5%质量分数的BePP₂组成的混合主体中。在不利用任何光耦合技术的条件下,器件在亮度为100 cd/m²时,功率效率可以达到39 lm/W;当亮度提高到1 000 cd/m²时,效率仅发生轻微滚降至27.5 lm/W。器件的光谱稳定,亮度在1 000 cd/m²和10 000 cd/m²时,CIE坐标分别为（0.37,0.48）和（0.37,0.47）。良好的光谱稳定性归结于设计的双极性中间层平衡了其两侧激子的产生。     

以双(2-二苯基磷苯基)醚为配体的蓝色磷光铜(Ⅰ) 配合物的合成及光电特性研究

合成了一种新型的室温天蓝色磷光发射材料双(2-二苯基磷苯基)醚碘合铜(Ⅰ)([(POP)CuI]₂)配合物。通过红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射确定其分子结构,并对其光电特性进行了详细研究。结果表明:[(POP)CuI]₂为二聚体结构,主要吸收峰为227,268,291 nm,最大发射峰为475 nm,光学带隙为2.93 eV。以[(POP)CuI]₂作为客体掺杂在主体CBP中作为发光层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(30 nm)/CBP∶[(POP)CuⅠ]₂(30 nm,8%)/BAlq(10 nm)/Alq₃ (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(200 nm)的器件,其电致发光峰为476 nm,最大亮度为9 539 cd/m²,最大电流效率为1.9 cd/A。     

钙铝镁合金阴极对WOLED器件性能的影响

采用Ca/Al/Mg合金作为器件的阴极,基于红绿/蓝双发光层制作了6种白色磷光OLED器件,器件结构为ITO/MoO₃ (30 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/mCP:Firpic (8%,40 nm)/CBP:R-4B (2%):Ir(ppy)₃ (14%,5 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/Alq₃(40 nm)/Ca:Al:Mg (x%,100 nm) (x=0,5,10,15,20,25)。通过改变Mg的掺杂比例,研究了不同比例的Ca/Al/Mg合金阴极对器件性能的影响。结果表明:Mg质量分数为15%的Ca/Al/Mg阴极具有良好的电子注入特性,有效改善了器件的发光特性,最大发光亮度可达1 504 cd/m²,效率达到最大值14.3 cd/A,色坐标接近(0.46, 0.42)。     

一种嘧啶铱（Ⅲ）配合物的结构及光电性质研究

合成了一种铱配合物（DFPPM=2-（2,4-二氟苯基）嘧啶,acac=乙酰丙酮）,利用 X 射线单晶衍射仪测定了该化合物的晶体结构。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、发射光谱对其光物理性质进行研究。结果表明：（DFPPM）₂ Ir（acac）的单晶结构属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=14.444 4（7）nm,b=18.047 9（10）nm,c=19.220 0（9）nm,α=113.115（5）°;,β=90.453（4）°;,γ=90.989（4）°;,V=4 607.0（4）nm³。（DFPPM）₂ Ir（acac）在二氯甲烷溶液中的发射峰为 496 nm。以（DFPPM）₂ Ir（acac）为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO/NPB（40 nm）/CBP：（DFPPM）₂Ir（acac）（质量分数10%,30 nm）/TPBi（15 nm）/Alq₃（50 nm）/Mg：Ag（150 nm,10：1）/Ag（10 nm）的器件,器件的发射峰位于494 nm,最大亮度达到21 400 cd/m²,最大电流效率为12.0 cd/A,最大功率效率为 5.4 lm/W。     

White organic electroluminescence from fluorescent bis (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate)zinc doped with phosphorescent material

Efficient white electroluminescence has been obtained by using an electroluminescent layer comprising of a blue fluorescent bis (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate)zinc [Zn(hpb)₂] doped with red phosphorescent bis (2-(2′-benzothienyl) pyridinato-N,C^3′)iridium(acetylacetonate) [Ir(btp)₂acac] molecules. The color coordinates of the white emission spectrum was controlled by optimizing the concentration of red dopant in the blue fluorescent emissive layer. Organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated in the configuration ITO/α-NPD/Zn(hpb)₂:0.01 wt%Ir(btp)₂acac/BCP/Alq₃/LiF/Al. The J-V-L characteristic of the device shows a turn on voltage of 5 V. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the device cover a wide range of visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum with three peaks around 450, 485 and 610 nm. A maximum white luminance of 3500 cd/m² with CIE coordinates of (x, y=0.34, 0.27) at 15 V has been achieved. The maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of the device was 5.2 cd/A and 1.43 lm/W respectively at 11.5 V.     

High efficiency rubrene based inverted top-emission organic light emitting devices with a mixed single layer

Inverted top-emission organic light emitting devices (TEOLEDs) with a mixed single layer by mixing of electron transport materials (PyPySPyPy and Alq₃), hole transport material (α-NPD) and dope material (rubrene) were investigated. Maximum power efficiency of 3.5 lm/W and maximum luminance of 7000 cd/m² were obtained by optimizing the mixing ratio of PyPySPyPy:Alq₃:α-NPD:rubrene=25:50:25:1. Luminance and power efficiency of mixed single layer device were two times improved compared to bi-layer heterojunction device and tri-layer heterojunction device. Lifetime test also shows that the mixed single layer device exhibits longer operational lifetimes of 343 h, which is three times longer than the 109 h for tri-layer device, and two times longer than the 158 h for bi-layer device. In addition, the maximum luminance and power efficiency were obtained at 20,000 cd/m² and 7.5 lm/W, respectively, when a TPD layer of 45 nm was capped onto the top metal electrode.     

Electroluminescence of organic light-emitting diodes consisting of an undoped (pbi)2Ir(acac) phosphorescent layer

The electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an undoped bis(1,2-dipheny1-1H-benzoimidazole) iridium (acetylacetonate) [(pbi)₂Ir(acac)] emissive layer (EML) of various film thicknesses were studied. The results showed that the intensity of green light emission decreased rapidly with the increasing thickness of (pbi)₂Ir(acac), which was relevant to the triplet excimer emission. It suggested that the concentration quenching of monomer emission in the undoped (pbi)₂Ir(acac) film was mainly due to the formation of triplet excimer and partly due to the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet-polaron annihilation (TPA). A green OLED with a maximum luminance of 26,531 cd/m², a current efficiency of 36.2 cd/A, and a power efficiency of 32.4 lm/W was obtained, when the triplet excimer emission was eliminated. Moreover, the white OLED with low efficiency roll-off was realized due to the broadened recombination zone and reduced quenching effects in the EML when no electron blocking layer was employed.     

High-efficiency Simple Structure White Organic Light-emitting Devices Based on Rubrene Ultrathin Layer

White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) were fabricated with an ultrathin layer of rubrene inserted between NPB and TPBI. With a simple three-layer structure of ITO/NPB(50 nm)/rubrene(0.1 nm)/TPBI(50 nm)/LiF/Al, a white light with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.30) were generated. The device gave a maximum luminance efficiency of 2.04 lm/W at 5 V. Furthermore, with a multilayer structure of ITO/m-MTDATA(30 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/rubrene(0.1 nm)/TPBI(40 nm)/Alq₃(10 nm)/LiF/Al, the device reached a maximum luminance efficiency of 4.29 lm/W at 4 V and the luminance could exceed 10 000 cd/m² at 10 V.     

High performance polymer light-emitting diodes doped with a novel phosphorescent iridium complex

High performance polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on a phosphor of noble metal complex bis(1,2-dipheny1-1H-benzoimidazole) iridium (acetylacetonate) [(pbi)₂Ir(acac)] doped in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) host with various concentration were demonstrated. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the PLEDs exhibited an emission intensity decrease of PVK and a gradually enhanced feature of (pbi)₂Ir(acac) with increased doping concentration. The device with a 5 wt% (pbi)₂Ir(acac) doped PVK system showed a high power efficiency of 3.84 lm/W and a luminance of 26,006 cd/m². The results indicated that both energy transfer and charge trapping have a significant influence on the performance of PLEDs. The devices have a broadened EL spectrum of full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) more than 100 nm, which can be realized for WOLEDs.     

High-performance organic red-light-emitting device based on DCJTB and a new host material

An efficient red-light-emitting device using a new host material (DPF) and a red dopant (DCJTB) with a configuration of ITO/NPB (50 nm)/DCJTB:DPF (2%, 10 nm)/TPBI (30 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Mg:Ag has been fabricated and investigated. The red OLED yields a brightness of 9270 cd/m² at 10 V, a maximum current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A and a maximum power efficiency of 3.9 lm/W. Using DPF as host material, the performance is much better than that of a prototypical Alq₃-based device, which has a maximum efficiency of 1.9 cd/A and 0.6 lm/W. The performance is even comparable with red OLEDs using an assist dopant or a cohost emitter system. Results of this work indicate that DPF is a promising host material for red OLEDs with high efficiency and simple device structure.     

同时掺杂磷光和荧光染料的白色有机电致发光器件性能研究

以磷光染料Ir(piq)₂(acac)作为发光掺杂剂,掺入空穴传输性主体材料NPB中得到红色发光层,荧光材料TBP掺入到主体CBP中作为蓝色发光层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB/NPB：Ir(piq)₂(acac)/CBP/CBP：TBPe/BCP/ALq/Mg：Ag的双发光层白色有机电致发光器件.其中ALq₃、未掺杂的NPB和CBP及BCP层分别作为电子传输层、空穴传输层和激子阻挡层.实验中通过调节发光层厚度及Ir(piq)_{2关键词： 磷光 激子阻挡层 有机电致发光}     

使用PTB7作为阳极修饰层提高有机发光二极管的性能

采用poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-?uoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]](PTB7)作为有机发光二极管器件的阳极修饰层,制备了结构为indium tin oxide(ITO)/PTB7(不同浓度)/N,N’-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N’-bis(phenyl)benzidine(NPB,40 nm)/8-hydroxyquinoline(Alq3,60 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al的系列器件,同时研究了不同浓度的PTB7对器件性能的影响.PTB7的最佳浓度为0.25 mg/mL,器件性能得到明显的改善,起亮电压为4.3 V.当驱动电压为14.6 V时,最大亮度为45800 cd/m2,最大电流效率为9.1 cd/A.与没有PTB7修饰的器件相比,其起亮电压降低了1.9 V,最高亮度提升了78.5%.器件性能提高归因于PTB7的插入使得空穴注入和传输能力大大改善.