黏弹性胶粘涂层-基底结构中激光激发类瑞利波的传播特性

研究黏弹性胶粘涂层/基底结构中激光激发类瑞利波的传播特性。考虑涂层及基底的黏弹性,在频域中建立环氧树脂涂层/铝基底、环氧树脂涂层/铜基底、环氧树脂涂层/泡沫基底等结构中激光激发类瑞利波的有限元数值模型,研究类瑞利波的波形及传播特性,并分析环氧树脂涂层的透明性、厚度、黏性与基底的黏性对类瑞利波传播特性的影响,在此基础上,结合理论计算的色散与衰减曲线进行验证。研究结果表明,涂层的黏性引起类瑞利波高频成分的衰减,而对低频成分没有影响;基底的黏性对类瑞利波的高频与低频成分的衰减均有影响,其中对低频成分影响较大,此外,类瑞利波的模式及频散特性与基底材料密切相关。本研究为反演黏弹性胶粘涂层/基底结构的力学参数及评估结构的粘接质量提供理论指导。      

黏弹性胶粘涂层-基底结构中激光激发类瑞利波的传播特性

研究黏弹性胶粘涂层/基底结构中激光激发类瑞利波的传播特性。考虑涂层及基底的黏弹性,在频域中建立环氧树脂涂层/铝基底、环氧树脂涂层/铜基底、环氧树脂涂层/泡沫基底等结构中激光激发类瑞利波的有限元数值模型,研究类瑞利波的波形及传播特性,并分析环氧树脂涂层的透明性、厚度、黏性与基底的黏性对类瑞利波传播特性的影响,在此基础上,结合理论计算的色散与衰减曲线进行验证。研究结果表明,涂层的黏性引起类瑞利波高频成分的衰减,而对低频成分没有影响;基底的黏性对类瑞利波的高频与低频成分的衰减均有影响,其中对低频成分影响较大,此外,类瑞利波的模式及频散特性与基底材料密切相关。本研究为反演黏弹性胶粘涂层/基底结构的力学参数及评估结构的粘接质量提供理论指导。     

谱有限元数值分析各向异性复合板中导波色散特性

提出谱有限元方法研究层状各向异性复合板中导波的色散特性和波结构。基于三维弹性动力学方程,用有限元方法离散波导截面,波传播方向的位移用简谐波表示,得到了导波色散的特征方程。分析了单层和双层复合板中导波沿不同方向传播的色散特性和波结构,讨论了双层复合板中层厚比对相速度的影响。数值研究结果表明:导波的对称模态沿纤维方向传播时在较宽的频率范围内保持弱色散状态。双层复合板中导波基本模态的相速度在低频时受层厚比的影响较明显,随着频率的增加趋向于相速度较低的材料。数值模拟结果为导波用于复合材料定量无损检测和性能评价提供理论依据。      

激光激发黏弹表面波有限元数值模拟

研究黏弹性材料中激光激发的Rayleigh波的传播特征. 考虑到黏弹性材料的黏性特征,在频域内建立黏弹性材料中激光激发Rayleigh波的有限元数值模型. 在验证有限元频域数值模型正确性的基础上,模拟脉冲激光作用在黏弹性材料上激发出Rayleigh波,进而讨论激光激发的黏弹Rayleigh波的传播特征,并比较黏弹性材料与弹性材料中激光激发的Rayleigh波差异,同时分析了材料的黏性劲度参量变化对Rayleigh波特征的影响. 关键词： 表面波 激光超声 有限元方法 黏弹性     

SH波在中厚板对接焊缝中的传播特性

本文对应用于中厚板对接焊缝缺陷检测的SH波传播特性进行了理论和实验研究。基于半解析有限元法建立标准对接焊缝的有限元模型,获得SH波在结构中的能量分布和衰减特性,并探索不同对接焊缝结构对导波能量集中特性的影响,最后通过实验验证SH波的衰减情况和实际缺陷检测效果。结果表明,SH模态能量集中、衰减小、传播特性稳定,当焊缝结构特征加强时,模态主位移更为集中,实验得出利用SH波进行中厚板长距离对接焊缝的缺陷检测具有一定的研究价值和意义。本研究为提高中厚板对接焊缝缺陷检测效果提供理论依据,也为焊缝特征导波检测的实际应用奠定基础。     

无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱周向导波的传播特性

为研究无限大流体约束的孔隙圆柱中周向导波的传播规律,分析孔隙参数对导波传播特性的影响,建立了无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的理论模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,建立了周向导波频散方程,通过数值模拟计算得到无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的频散曲线,探讨了圆柱半径和孔隙参数对导波传播特性的影响,并对导波的衰减特性进行了分析;通过数值计算,得到了周向导波的时域波形,讨论了孔隙参数对波形的影响.结果表明,孔隙介质圆柱半径的改变影响圆柱尺度,孔隙度的改变影响孔隙介质中体声波的波速,都对周向导波频散曲线产生一定的影响,所得到的频散曲线特征及衰减曲线与时域波形吻合.研究结果对开展无限流体中孔隙介质圆柱的超声无损评价提供了一定的理论参考.     

线性黏弹性各向异性介质速度频散和衰减特征研究

地层岩石既非各向同性的,也非完全弹性的,正确地描述波在地层中的传播需要搞清楚岩石的各向异性和黏弹性特征.针对裂缝性地层的裂缝发育方位问题,建立具有任意方位角的方位各向异性黏弹性本构关系.使用均匀平面简谐波分析方法研究其频散关系,得到Christoffel方程,进而获得均匀平面波的复速度、相速度、衰减系数和品质因子的表达式.通过黏弹性方位各向异性页岩和砂岩进行模拟,研究了波场在地层中的传播特征,如相速度、衰减系数和品质因子等随频率、方位和入射角的变化关系 关键词： 黏弹性 各向异性 相速度 衰减系数 品质因子     

方位各向异性黏弹性介质波场有限元模拟

随着裂缝性储集层的地位越来越重要，黏弹性各向异性介质中地震波传播理论的研究也越来越受到重视.在弱黏滞性条件下，针对标准线性黏弹性体模型，采用时间增量法，在每一个时间步长确定黏弹性变形及载荷，并在计算下一个时间步长的黏弹性变形时把它加载进去，建立类似于解弹性问题的黏弹性方位各向异性介质波动方程的有限元递推公式.数值模拟给出了黏弹性波在地球介质中的波场传播特征. 关键词： 黏弹性 方位各向异性 有限元 时间增量法     

黏弹介质包裹的充液管道中低频轴对称波传播特性

研究埋地充液管道中低频轴对称波传播特性。将土壤考虑为黏弹介质,结合Kennard薄壳方程和Kelvin-Voigt线性黏弹性模型,引入土壤载荷矩阵,推导出土-管滑移情形下流体主导波和管壁压缩波的相速度表达式。通过数值模拟计算得到流体主导波和管壁压缩波的频散和衰减曲线并进行可靠性验证,分析两种波引起的管壁径向位移之比,讨论厚径比和品质因子对流体主导波传播的影响。结果表明,黏弹介质对流体主导波和管壁压缩波的相速度影响较小,但对衰减影响较大;流体主导波对管壁径向位移有较大的影响,是泄露噪声传播的主要载体;厚径比越大,流体主导波的相速度越大,衰减越小;而品质因子越大,流体主导波的频散和衰减都越小。研究结果可为埋地充液管道的泄漏检测提供一定的理论参考。      

标准线性固体材料中球面应力波传播特征研究

基于标准线性固体模型, 结合球面波波动方程, 给出了球面应力波的粒子速度v、粒子位移u、径向应力σ_r、切向应力σ_θ、径向应变ε_r、切向应变ε_θ、折合速度势、折合位移势在Laplace域的理论解. 采用基于Crump算法的Laplace数值逆变换方法分析了上述物理量的传播特征. Laplace数值反演结果表明, 线黏弹性材料对强间断球面应力波的初始响应为纯弹性响应, 强间断在传播过程中包含了几何衰减和本构黏性衰减, 应力、应变、粒子速度的衰减特性和粒子位移、应力、应变、折合位移势等物理量的稳态值同黏弹性球面波的理论预测一致. 折合速度势和折合位移势的峰值随波传播距离的增加逐渐衰减, 这与理想弹性理论给出的折合速度势和折合位移势不随传播距离变化的结论不同. 折合位移势的稳态值与介质的静态剪切模量成反比, 与稳态空腔压力成正比, 与空腔半径的三次方成正比.     

Guided waves propagating in sandwich structures made of anisotropic,viscoelastic, composite materials

The propagation of Lamb-like waves in sandwich plates made of anisotropic and viscoelastic material layers is studied. A semi-analytical model is described and used for predicting the dispersion curves (phase velocity, energy velocity, and complex wave-number) and the through-thickness distribution fields (displacement, stress, and energy flow). Guided modes propagating along a test-sandwich plate are shown to be quite different than classical Lamb modes, because this structure does not have the mirror symmetry, contrary to most of composite material plates. Moreover, the viscoelastic material properties imply complex roots of the dispersion equation to be found that lead to connections between some of the dispersion curves, meaning that some of the modes get coupled together. Gradual variation from zero to nominal values of the imaginary parts of the viscoelastic moduli shows that the mode coupling depends on the level of material viscoelasticity, except for one particular case where this phenomenon exists whether the medium is viscoelastic or not. The model is used to quantify the sensitivity of both the dispersion curves and the through-thickness mode shapes to the level of material viscoelasticity, and to physically explain the mode-coupling phenomenon. Finite element software is also used to confirm results obtained for the purely elastic structure. Finally, experiments are made using ultrasonic, air-coupled transducers for generating and detecting guided modes in the test-sandwich structure. The mode-coupling phenomenon is then confirmed, and the potential of the air-coupled system for developing single-sided, contactless, NDT applications of such structures is discussed.     

Power-mode theorems for guided acoustic waves in piezoelectric media

Relationships between complex power flow pseudo energy, propagation constant and complex frequency are presented for acoustic waves in piezoelectric media. These relationships are essentially energy-power equations which apply to anisotropic, nonconservative, dispersive, linear systems, analogous to those obtained by Chorney and Penfield for guided electromagnetic waves. At vanishing piezoelectric coupling the powermode theorems split into a proper electromagnetic set and a proper mechanical set. By differentiating the power-mode equations with respect to the complex frequency further results are obtained linking the group velocity with power flow and energy storage. Conclusions may be drawn from these expressions regarding the signature of the dispersion (forward or backward waves). The equipartition of pseudo energy is established at cut-off, and the vanishing of the complex power flow at resonance. Examples including wave propagation in lossless and lossy media are included.     

Guided wave dispersion curves for a bar with an arbitrary cross-section,a rod and rail example

Theoretical and experimental issues of acquiring dispersion curves for bars of arbitrary cross-section are discussed. Since a guided wave can propagate over long distances in a structure, guided waves have great potential for being applied to the rapid non-destructive evaluation of large structures such as rails in the railroad industry. Such fundamental data as phase velocity, group velocity, and wave structure for each guided wave mode is presented for structures with complicated cross-sectional geometries as rail. Phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curves are obtained for bars with an arbitrary cross-section using a semi-analytical finite element method. Since a large number of propagating modes with close phase velocities exist, dispersion curves consisting of only dominant modes are obtained by calculating the displacement at a received point for each mode. These theoretical dispersion curves agree in characteristic parts with the experimental dispersion curves obtained by a two-dimensional Fourier transform technique.     

北极冰-水耦合系统中声波传播特性

利用固体和流体介质中波传播理论,导出了冰-水两层复合结构中导波频散方程。进一步,利用二分法对频散方程进行了数值求解,得到了ω-k频散曲线(ω与k分别为圆频率和波数),以及相速度和群速度频散曲线。结果表明:冰-水两层复合结构中导波由具有相同厚度水层和冰层中导波耦合而成,但与水层和冰层中导波频散曲线相比,复合结构中导波频散曲线除第1阶模式外,其余高阶模式均发生了很大变化。从原水层第1阶模式的截止频率开始,复合结构第2阶模式的相速度曲线被压低,各高阶(大于2阶)模式的相速度曲线出现一个跃变点,群速度曲线出现一个极大和一个极小值。水层越厚,复合结构各高阶模式的截止频率越低,相同频带内导波模式越丰富。水层厚度保持不变时,复合结构各阶模式的相速度和群速度曲线均随冰层厚度的增加而向低频方向移动。另外,还进一步分析了冰-水复合结构的导波波结构,发现第1阶导波模式的能量主要集中在冰层内和海表面附近,而2阶以上高阶导波模式的振动位移幅度随深度方向呈现周期性特征,并且模式阶数越高,振动越复杂。      

Rayleigh wave and detection of low-velocity layers in a stratified half-space

The excitation and propagation of the guided waves in a stratified half-space and a Rayleigh wave exploration method in shallow engineering seismic exploration are studied in this paper. All the modes of the guided waves are calculated by the bisection method in the case where the low velocity layers are contained in a stratified half-space. Cases when the formation shear wave velocity gradually decreases from the top to the bottom layers are also studied. The dispersion curves obtained in actual Rayleigh wave exploration are usually noncontinual zigzag curves, but the dispersion curves given by the elastic theory for given modes of the guided waves are smooth and continual curves. In this paper, the mechanism of zigzag dispersion curves in Rayleigh wave exploration is investigated and analyzed thoroughly. The zigzag dispersion curves can give not only the possible positions of the low-velocity layers but also the other information on the formation structure (fractures, oil, gas, etc.). It is found that the zigzag dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave are the result of the leap of the modes and the existence of low velocity layers in a stratified half-space. The effects of the compressional wave velocity, shear wave velocity, and density of each layer on zigzag dispersion curves and the relationship of the low velocity layers to zigzag dispersion curves are also investigated in detail. Finally, the exploration depth of the Rayleigh wave is discussed. The exploration depth of the Rayleigh wave is equal to the wavelength multiplied by a coefficient that is variable and usually given by the work experience and the formation properties of the local work area.     

Guided waves in a stratified half-space

The dispersion and excitation mechanisms and the energy distribution of guided waves in a stratified half-space are studied. All possible guided waves excited by a symmetric point source in two or three-layer medium models and their relation to the medium parameters are analyzed in detail. The excitation and propagation characteristics, as well as the energy distribution along the depth direction, of all modes of the surface waves and trapped waves are numerically investigated and analyzed thoroughly not only in the case when the shear wave velocity increases from up to down layers but also when a low-velocity layer is contained in halfspace, especially when the shear wave velocity decreases from up to down layers. It is found that there exist many guided wave modes in the case where the shear wave velocity of each layer increases from up to down layers. However, there is less than one guided wave mode in the case where the shear wave velocity of each layer decreases from up to down layers. The trapped waves exist and propagate along the low-velocity structure in the stratified half-space. It is also found that the characteristic of a mode is related to the source frequency. It is possible that a surface wave at one value of frequency is like a trapped wave at another value of frequency. Finally, the relation of the characteristics of all guided waves (surface waves and trapped waves) to the parameters of media is studied.     

分层固体板中导波的激发与频散特性

针对无限大弹性分层固体板,研究了结构中导波的频散和激发特性。首先使用传递矩阵法推导分层板模型中导波的频散方程,然后用二分法求取导波各模式的频散曲线,进而分析结构中导波的频散特性。结果表明:在速度递增或递减的分层板中,基阶模式和高阶模式的高频极限分别等于低速层的瑞利波速和横波波速。对于含低速夹层的分层板,所有模式的高频极限都等于低速层的横波速度。在导波激发特性方面,研究了在具有一定宽度的法向力源作用下的分层板中导波各模式在结构中的法向位移谱。发现在速度递增的分层板结构中基阶模式是主导模式,而对于速度递减和含低速夹层模型,主导模式在不同的频段范围内对应不同的导波模式。      

Anomalous dispersion and group velocity properties in subwavelength uniaxial metamaterial waveguide with metal cladding

We investigate propagation behavior of electromagnetic waves in a slab uniaxial metamaterial waveguide with metal cladding and discuss the dispersion relation, group velocity and energy flux distribution of transverse electric guided modes in two kinds of uniaxial metamaterial waveguides with different orientations of optical axis in detail. The numerical results show that there exist anomalous dispersion properties such as backward modes existing in low-frequency range, and the group velocity can be negative or approach zero. If the orientation of optical axis is selected properly, each guided mode has two dispersion curves—one is normal dispersion and another belongs to anomalous dispersion and shows a transition from a backward mode to a forward one with the angular frequency increasing. In addition, the condition of the existence of cutoff frequency is clarified. These properties may have potential applications in optical information storage, optical communication, integrated optics and nanophotonic devices.