微通道换热器大温差条件下流动换热研究

随着高效预冷器在航天航空领域发挥越来越重要的作用,紧凑高效换热器的研究成为了人们关注的热点。本文基于紧凑微通道换热器的几何特征,针对矩形截面平行流道换热器内超临界压力低温流体(氢和氦)在大温差条件下的流动换热现象进行数值模拟研究。通道截面边长小于1 mm,热流体氦和冷流体氢的进出口温差均大于600 K。通道内流体换热系数在顺流和逆流条件下有不同的变化趋势,并出现峰值。换热量随着通道宽度的增大而增大,流动压降随着通道宽度的增大而减小。冷热流体逆流时换热量大,压降较小,但对换热器材料要求较高。     

基于CPV 电池散热的射流冲击分形微通道换热器的结构优化

针对聚光光伏(CPV) 电池高热流密度散热问题, 本文提出了射流冲击与分形微通道散热相结合的解决方案, 对其流动和换热进行了模拟. 首先对分形微通道的分形级数进行分析, 四级相比三级分形微通道换热系数只增加了4.62% , 压降却升高了54.37% ; 接着对管道截面形状进行优化, 对圆形截面, 方形渐缩截面和扁管截面内流体的流动进行了模拟, 结果表明在换热量相近的情况下, 扁管拥有最低的压降; 随后对比分叉处倒圆角、 倒角和 Y形三种布置形状, 结果表明 Y 形布置有效地减少了内部流体的涡旋区, 能够在牺牲较少的换热面积的条件下, 将压降降低85 .51 % . 最后在相同水力直径条件下研究单个喷嘴、 均匀喷嘴阵列、 非均匀喷嘴阵列射流冲击分形微通道的换热性能, 模拟结果表明, 非均匀喷嘴阵列分形微通道拥有最佳的换热性能, 且压降降低了25 .99 % .     

混合板式换热器板通道的数值模拟研究

本文采用二维非稳态数学模型、周期性充分发展边界条件对混合板式换热器中的板通道内的流动和换热进行数值模拟。在Re=4407～22035工况范围内,计算了半圆型、半椭圆Ⅰ型和半椭圆Ⅱ型三种不同纵截面形状波纹板通道内的流动和换热性能。数值模拟结果分析表明,波纹通道内的流动会因为流体从凸面流向凹面时产生回流而形成涡,即产生扰动,强化了后面的换热,但同时增大了阻力。并得出半圆型通道换热最强,Nu为椭圆Ⅱ型的1.4倍;但其阻力最大,压降为椭圆Ⅱ型的1.9倍。     

基于纳米磁流体微通道内流动换热性能研究

为探究磁场强度和肋片高度对微通道内Fe₃O₄-H₂O纳米磁流体流动换热性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,以开放式间断微通道热沉为研究对象,在雷诺数为200到500之间展开数值模拟研究,模拟微通道内流体工质流动换热过程。结果表明：进出口压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,且随着磁场强度的增大,压降的增大趋势愈显著;微通道的换热性能随着磁场强度的增大,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;通过增加肋片高度,可以有效的提高热沉的传热性能。研究发现,开放型微通道综合换热性能优于封闭型,在所研究的参数范围内,微通道肋片高度达到0.9 mm时,综合换热性能和均温性最佳。     

斜向流换热器壳程流场均匀化研究

传统弓形折流板换热器壳程流体横向流动时存在流动阻力和传热死区大等缺点。为克服上述不足,研究开发了一种新型高效节能的斜向流管壳式换热器,采用导向型折流栅替代传统弓形折流板,倾斜流道内流体斜向冲刷换热管束。考察和对比了斜向流换热器和弓形折流板换热器壳程主流区的流体流速分布和变化规律,证实了导向型折流栅具有显著的控涡均化壳程流场和提高壳程流体整体流速的作用,有助于减小壳程压降,增大有效换热面积,为管壳式换热器结构改良提供了参考依据。     

微小圆通道内流动沸腾换热特性的研究

微小通道内相变换热具有热流密度高、单位体积内换热面积大、结构紧凑等特点,成为高效紧凑式换热器设计的重要途径。本文以氟利昂R113为工质,完成了0.7、1.1和1.4 mm的圆形小通道内的流动沸腾实验,对小通道内流动沸腾换热特性进行了分析,拟合了计算沸腾换热特性的实验关联式,为工程实际应用提供参考。     

定曲率螺旋盘管式汽车尾气余热回收装置的性能研究

为研究汽车尾气余热回收装置不同参数对其性能的影响,对汽车尾气余热回收装置定曲率螺旋盘管换热器建立三维仿真模型,研究了雷诺数在4 000～14 000的范围内,定曲率螺旋盘管换热器盘管直径和螺旋直径两个几何参数对阻力和换热性能的影响。结果表明:改变换热器盘管直径,对换热器流动阻力性能影响不大,换热量随着换热器盘管直径的增加而增加;螺旋直径为70 mm时流动阻力增量最大,换热量随着螺旋直径的减小而增大。     

相对湿度对空调中翅片管蒸发器性能的影响

基于换热器几何结构参数以及流路布置等相同的3HP商用空调,在空调工况下,研究了相对湿度对R22替代制冷剂R407C、R410A、R32以及R290在蒸发器内的流动和传热性能的影响规律。研究表明:在一定的条件下,增加环境相对湿度,这五种制冷剂对应蒸发器换热量、压降和质量流量均增加,其中R407C蒸发器换热量最大,R290和R32蒸发器压降和制冷剂质量流量均小于R22蒸发器。在低湿度环境下(约20—30%相对湿度),显热换热占主导因素。随着相对湿度的增加,显然换热减少,潜热换热增强且起主导因素。在满足换热量的要求下,R290在协调压降与质量流量具有一定的优势且满足现行工质替代理念,可以作为现有商用空调的环保型替代工质。     

U型通道内部流动与换热的数值研究

应用数值方法研究了燃气轮机叶片内部U型通道内流动与顶部换热特性.采用SST k-ω模型,分析了U型通道内光滑和带凹坑顶部结构以及不同Re数和旋转数对U型通道内部流动和顶部换热的影响。结果表明:在静止条件下,带凹坑结构的通道顶部Nu数较高,并且随着凹坑深度的增加,通道顶部换热能力增强;并且凹坑结构对通道压降的影响较小。随雷诺数增大,凹坑对通道顶部换热增强的幅度降低。在旋转状态下,随着旋转数的增加,通道顶部换热能力增强,但通道压降增大。     

翅片管束式管壳式换热器三维数值模拟研究

本文提出了运用多孔介质模型、分布阻力模型和k-ε湍流模型对壳侧为翅片管束的壳管式换热器壳侧速度场与温度场进行三维数值模拟的方法,并对一相应类型换热器壳侧的流动与换热进行了数值模拟,得出了壳侧流场参数的图示以及壳侧进出口压降,温差,换热量随壳侧Re变化的特性曲线。     

热漏对换热器(火积)耗散最小化的影响

建立了存在热漏的换热器的传热过程模型.假定热流体与冷流体间的传热以及冷流体与外界环境间的热漏均服从牛顿传热定律,在冷流体净传热量一定的条件下,应用最优控制理论导出了换热过程(火积)耗散最小时热流体温度和冷流体温度的最优构型,并将最优路径分别与热流体温度一定和热流率一定的传统传热策略进行了比较.研究结果对于实际换热器的优化设计和最优运行具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Gas-to-Gas Counter-Flow Micro Heat Exchanger

In this work, a double-layered microchannel heat exchanger is designed for investigation on gas-to-gas heat transfer. The micro-device contains 133 parallel microchannels machined into a polished polyether ether ketone plate for both the hot side and cold side. The microchannels are 200 μm high, 200 μm wide, and 39.8 mm long. The design of the micro-device allows tests with partition foils in different materials and of flexible thickness. A test rig is developed with the integration of customized pressure and temperature sensors for in situ measurements. Experimental tests on the counter-flow micro heat exchanger have been carried out for five different partition foils and various mass flow rates. The experimental results, in terms of pressure drop, heat transfer coefficients, and heat exchanger effectiveness are discussed and compared with the predictions of the classic theory for conventionally sized heat exchangers.     

Thermo-Hydraulic Behavior of Microchannel Heat Exchanger System

This article presents an experimental study of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena in a microchannel heat exchanger system. The aim of this investigation is to develop correlations between flow/thermal characteristics in the manifolds and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. A rectangular microchannel fabricated by a laser-machining technique with channel width and hydraulic diameter of 87 μm and 0.17 mm, respectively, and a trapezoidal-shaped manifold are used in this study. The heat sink is subjected to iso-flux heating condition with liquid convective cooling through the channels. The temporal and spatial evolutions of temperature as well as total pressure drop across the system are monitored using appropriate sensors. Data obtained from this study were used to establish relationships between parameters such as longitudinal wall conduction factor, residence and switching time, and thermal spreading resistance with Reynolds number. Result shows that there exist an optimum Reynolds number and conditions for the microchannel heat exchanger system to result in maximum heat transfer performance. The condition in which the inlet manifold temperature surpasses the exit fluid temperature results in lower junction temperature. It further shows that for a high Reynolds number, the longitudinal wall conduction parameter is greater than unity and that the fluid has sufficient dwelling time to absorb heat from the wall of the manifold, leading to high thermal performance.     

超流氦制冷系统2K冷却级热力分析

通过对节流阀阀前J-T换热器的效率以及2 K冷却级的制冷量等参量与节流阀前温度、压力以及J-T换热器冷、热端温差等关系的分析表明,考虑比热变化时J-T换热器的效率均低于不考虑比热变化时的J-T换热器的效率,且发现在降低换热器入口温度来提高单位质量氦气的2 K制冷量时,J-T换热器的热效率将降低。分析结果表明为避免系统变工况运行时换热器运行出现负温差,建议J-T换热器应该以限定冷端温差进行设计。     

Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Copper–Water Nanofluid Flow Inside a Pin Channel

Influences of simultaneous utilization of pin channel and copper–water nanofluid on performance of plate-fin heat exchangers were experimentally explored and compared with results obtained for the base fluid flow inside a plain channel. Experimental results clearly indicate that compared with the plain channel, the pin channel significantly improves the thermal-hydraulic performance of the plate-fin heat exchanger, about 38%. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient as well as pressure drop are increased by using the nanofluids instead of the base fluid. Noticeable average performance factor of 1.65 is obtained for the simultaneous utilization of pin channel and nanofluid inside the plate-fin heat exchanger.     

内嵌微流道低温共烧陶瓷基板传热性能（英）

随着系统级封装（SIP）所容纳的电子元器件和集成密度迅速增加,传统的散热方法（热通孔、风冷散热等）越来越难以满足系统级封装的热管理需求。低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）作为常见的封装基板材料之一,设计并研制了三种内嵌于LTCC基板的微流道,其中包括直排型、蛇型和螺旋型微流道（高度为0.3 mm,宽度分别为0.4, 0.5和0.8 mm）。通过数值仿真和红外热像仪测试相结合的方式分析了微流道网络结构、流体质量流量、雷诺数、材料热导率对内嵌微流道LTCC基板换热性能的影响,实验结果表明:当去离子水的流量为10 mL/min,热源等效功率为2 W/cm2时,直排型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在3.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低75.4 ℃,蛇型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在85.8 kPa输入泵压差下能降低80.2 ℃,螺旋型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在103.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低86.7 ℃。在三种微流道中,直排型微流道具有最小的雷诺数,在相同的输入泵压差下有最好的散热性能。窄的直排型微流道（0.4 mm）在相同的流道排布密度和流体流量时比宽的微流道（0.8 mm）能多降低基板温度10 ℃。此外,提高封装材料的热导率有助于提高微流道的换热性能。     

微管换热器流动与传热的实验研究

本文对自制微管换热器的流动与传热性能进行了实验研究。提出了微细圆管换热器管内单相强制对流换热努摩尔数准则式,并与已有相关文献提出的关联式做了对比,结果表明:微管管内换热系数比常规尺度计算公式预测值要高,同时本文分析了微细管内的压力降、摩擦阻力系数f随雷诺数的关系。研究表明微管管内压降、摩擦系数都比常规尺度预测值要高。     

Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement of counter nanofluids flow in rectangular microchannel heat exchanger

This paper reports a numerical analysis of the performance of a counter-flow rectangular shaped microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) using nanofluids as the working fluids. Finite volume method was used to solve the three-dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer in aluminum MCHE. The nanofluids used were Ag, Al₂O₃, CuO, SiO₂, and TiO₂ and the performance was compared with water. The thermal, flow fields and performance of the MCHE were analyzed using different nanofluids, different Reynolds numbers and different nanoparticle concentrations. Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, pressure profile, and wall shear stress were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate, pumping power, effectiveness, and performance index. Results indicated enhanced performance with the usage of nanofluids, and slight penalty in pressure drop. The increase in Reynolds number caused an increase in the heat transfer rate and a decrease in the overall bulk temperature of the cold fluid. The increase in nanoparticle concentration also yielded better performance at the expense of increased pressure drop.