Low temperature ferromagnetism in CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)

The low-temperature magnetic order behaviors of perovskite oxide CaCu_3 Ti_4 O_(12)(CCTO) ceramics prepared by different methods are discussed.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and direct current(DC) magnetization are used to characterize the structures,microscopic morphologies,valence states,and magnetic properties of the samples.The results show that the magnetic behaviors of CCTO ceramics are very sensitive to the preparation process.The quenched CCTO ceramic and CCTO powders grown in a molten salt crystal,which contain much more oxygen vacancies and Ti~(3+),show the coexistence of weak ferromagnetic order and antiferromagnetic order below the Neel temperature.It suggests that the bound magnetopolaron formed by oxygen vacancies and Ti~(3+) ion composite defects are responsible for the weak ferromagnetic order at low temperature.     

Structural and magnetic properties of turmeric functionalized CoFe_2O_4 nanocomposite powder

The structural and magnetic properties of the synthesized pure and functionalized CoFe_2O_4 magnetic nanoparticles(NPs) are studied by analyzing the results from the x-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), FT–IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry(TG), and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). To extract the structure and lattice parameters from the XRD analysis results, we first apply the pseudo-Voigt model function to the experimental data obtained from XRD analysis and then the Rietveld algorithm is used in order to optimize the model function to estimate the true intensity values. Our simulated intensities are in good agreement with the experimental peaks, therefore, all structural parameters such as crystallite size and lattice constant are achieved through this simulation. Magnetic analysis reveals that the synthesized functionalized NPs have a saturation magnetization almost equal to that of pure nanoparticles(PNPs). It is also found that the presence of the turmeric causes a small reduction in coercivity of the functionalized NPs in comparison with PNP. Our TGA and FTIR results show that the turmeric is bonded very well to the surface of the NPs. So it can be inferred that a nancomposite(NC) powder of turmeric and nanoparticles is produced. As an application, the anti-arsenic characteristic of turmeric makes the synthesized functionalized NPs or NC powder a good candidate for arsenic removal from polluted industrial waste water.     

Growth of monodisperse nanospheres of MnFe_2O_4 with enhanced magnetic and optical properties

Highly dispersive nanospheres of MnFe204 are prepared by template free hydrothermal method. The nanospheres have 47.3-nm average diameter, narrow size distribution, and good crystallinity with average crystallite size about 22 nm. The reaction temperature strongly affects the morphology, and high temperature is found to be responsible for growth of uniform nanospheres. Raman spectroscopy reveals high purity of prepared nanospheres. High saturation magnetization （78.3 emu/g）, low coercivity （45 Oe, 10e = 79.5775 A.cm-1）, low remanence （5.32 emu/g）, and high anisotropy constant 2.84 × 10^4 J/m3 （10 times larger than bulk） are observed at room temperatures. The nearly snperparamagnetic behavior is ~ spin due to comparable size of nanospheres with superparamagnetic critical thameter Dcr spm The high value of Keff may be due to coupling between the pinned moment in the amorphous shell and the magnetic moment in the core of the nanospheres. The nanospheres show prominent optical absorption in the visible region, and the indirect band gap is estimated to be 0.98 eV from the transmission spectrum. The prepared Mn ferrite has potential applications in biomedicine and photocatalysis.     

Hierarchical lichee-like Fe_3O_4 assemblies and their high heating efficiency in magnetic hyperthermia

A nontoxic and biocompatible thermoseed is developed for the magnetic hyperthermia. Two kinds of thermoseed materials: hierarchical hollow and solid lichee-like Fe_3O_4 assemblies, are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The crystal structure of Fe_3O_4 assemblies are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the prepared Fe_3O_4 assemblies are used as a magnetic heat treatment agent, and their heating efficiency is investigated. Compared to solid assembly, hollow lichee-like Fe_3O_4 assembly exhibits a higher specific absorption rate of 116.53 W/g and a shorter heating time, which is ascribed to its higher saturation magnetization, larger initial particle size, and the unique hierarchical hollow structure. Furthermore, the magnetothermal effect is primarily attributed to Néel relaxation. Overall, we propose a facile and convenient approach to enhance the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles by forming hollow hierarchical assemblies.     

形貌可控的Fe3O4纳米粒子的水热合成及磁性能研究

Fe3O4是一种重要的磁性材料.由于其独特的光、电、磁、热等性能而备受关注.在本文中,我们采用水热溶剂热法合成了Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子.利用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对产物的结构、形貌及磁性能进行了研究.结果表明,通过前驱物的适当选择,可以实现Fe3O4纳米粒...     

Effects of Mg substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5-x)Mg_xFe_2O_4 nanoparticle ferrites

In this study, nanocrystalline Co–Ni–Mg ferrite powders with composition Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5-x)Mg_xFe_2O_4 are successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method. A systematic investigation on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of un-doped and Mg-doped Co–Ni ferrite nanoparticles is carried out. The prepared samples are characterized using x-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM). The XRD analyses of the synthesized samples confirm the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures with crystallite sizes in a range of ~ 32 nm to ~ 36 nm. The lattice constant increases with increasing Mg content. FESEM images show that the synthesized samples are homogeneous with a uniformly distributed grain. The results of IR spectroscopy analysis indicate the formation of functional groups of spinel ferrite in the co-precipitation process. By increasing Mg2+substitution, room temperature magnetic measurement shows that maximum magnetization and coercivity increase from ~ 57.35 emu/g to~ 61.49 emu/g and ~ 603.26 Oe to~ 684.11 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m-1), respectively. The higher values of magnetization Ms and Mr suggest that the optimum composition is Co_(0.5)N_(i0.4)Mg_(0.1)Fe_2O_4 that can be applied to high-density recording media and microwave devices.     

Heat transfer analysis of MHD rotating flow of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles through a stretchable surface

The flow of a magnetite-H_2O nanofluid has been considered among two rotating surfaces,assuming porosity in the upper plate. Furthermore, the lower surface is considered to move with variable speed to induce the forced convection. Centripetal as well as Coriolis forces impacting on the rotating fluid are likewise taken into account. Adequate conversions are employed for the transformation of the governing partial-differential equations into a group of non-dimensional ordinary-differential formulas. Numerical solution of the converted expressions is gained by means of the shooting technique. It is theoretically found that the nanofluid has less skin friction and advanced heat transport rate when compared with the base fluid. The effect of rotation causes the drag force to elevate and reduces the heat transport rate. Streamlines are portrayed to reveal the impact of injection/suction.     

Bi4-xLaxTi3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15,共生结构铁电材料拉曼光谱研究

在常温下，对La掺杂共生结构铁电陶瓷Bi_4-xLa_xTi_3O_12-SrBi_4-yLayTi_4O_15［BLT-SBLT(x+y),x+y= 0.00, 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25,1.50］进行了拉曼光谱研究.结果表明，在掺杂量低于0.50时，La只取代类钙钛矿层中的Bi，当掺杂 量高于0.50后，部分La开始进入(Bi_2O_2)^2+层. La取代(Bi_2O_2)^2+层中的部分Bi以后，(Bi_2O_2)^2+层结构发生变化 ，原有的绝缘层和空间电荷库的作用减弱，导致材料剩余极化下降. La掺杂量增至1.50时，样品出现弛豫铁电性，这与30cm^-1以下模的软化相对应，说明La掺杂可引起材料 的结构相变. 关键词： Bi4-xLaxTi3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 La掺杂 声子模 拉曼频移     

Formation of multifunctional Fe_3O_4/Au composite nanoparticles for dual-mode MR/CT imaging applications

Recent advances with iron oxide/gold(Fe3O4/Au) composite nanoparticles(CNPs) in dual-modality magnetic resonance(MR) and computed tomography(CT) imaging applications are reviewed. The synthesis and assembly of "dumbbelllike" and "core/shell" Fe3O4/Au CNPs is introduced. Potential applications of some developed Fe3O4/Au CNPs as contrast agents for dual-mode MR/CT imaging applications are described in detail.     

纳米Zn_(0.6)Co_xFe_(2.4-x)O_4晶粒的结构相变与磁性研究

采用溶胶 凝胶自燃烧法制备了纳米尺度的锌钴铁氧体Zn0 6 CoxFe2 4 -xO4 (x =0— 0 30 )粉体 ,分别在不同温度下进行了热处理 ,利用x射线衍射仪 (XRD)和振动样品磁强计 (VSM)对其物相结构和磁性进行了测量和分析 .实验结果表明 ,锌钴铁氧体Zn0 6 Co0 1 5Fe2 2 5O4 在 5 5 0— 80 0℃温度区间出现α Fe2 O3过渡相 ,在高于 80 0℃温度时生成单一尖晶石相锌钴铁氧体 ;随钴含量的增加 ,Zn0 6 CoxFe2 4 -xO4 的比饱和磁化强度先增后减 ,x =0 0 75— 0 1 5比饱和磁化强度较高 ;Zn0 6 CoxFe2 4 -xO4 在 1 30 0℃时x =0 0 75的矫顽力为 4 75 2 0A m ,x≥ 0 1 5时矫顽力在 1 2 0 0℃附近随温度缓慢上升 ,在 1 2 0 0— 1 30 0℃之间为平台状态 ,并且随钴含量的增加 ,矫顽力略有升高 .在x =0 1 0附近 ,可同时获得较高的比饱和磁化强度和较高的矫顽力     

Novel Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Ag@Ni trepang-like nanocomposites:High-efficiency and magnetic recyclable catalysts for organic dye degradation

A facile step-by-step approach is developed for synthesizing the high-efficiency and magnetic recyclable Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Ag@Ni trepang-like nanocomposites.This method involves coating Fe_2O_3 nanorods with a uniform silica layer,reduction in 10%H_2/Ar atmosphere to transform the Fe_2O_3 into magnetic Fe_3O_4,and finally depositing Ag@Ni core-shell nanoparticles on the L-lysine modified surface of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 nanorods.The fabricated nanocomposites are further characterized by x-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.The Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Ag@Ni trepang-like nanocomposites exhibit remarkably higher catalytic efficiency than monometallic Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Ag nanocomposites toward the degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) at room temperature,and maintain superior catalytic activity even after six cycles.In addition,these samples could be easily separated from the catalytic system by an external magnet and reused,which shows great potential applications in treating waste water.     

Cation distributions estimated using the magnetic moments of the spinel ferrites Co_(1-x)Cr_xFe_2O_4 at 10K

（A）[B]2O4 ferrite samples with the composition COl_xCrxFe204 （0.0 ≤ x ≤1.0） are prepared using a hydrothermal method, and subjected to calcining in a tube furnace with an argon-flow at 1673 K for 2 h. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that each of all the samples has a single phase cubic spinel structure with a space group of Fd3m. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation magnetization decreases with as the Cr content x increases. The cation distribution of the samples is estimated by fitting the dependence of the magnetic moments on x at l 0 K, using the quantum mechanical model previously proposed by our group. The calculated sum of the content values of the Cr3＋ and Cr2＋ cations occupying the （A） sites increases as the value of x increases. In the fitting process, the magnetic moment directions of the Cr3＋ and Cr2＋ cations are assumed to be antiparallel to those of the Fe and Co cations, respectively, which is in accordance with Hund＇s rules.     

Doping effects on structural and magnetic evolutions of orthoferrite SmFe（1-x） Alx O3

The structural and magnetic properties of SmFeO3 with B site substitution of non-magnetic atom A1 are investigated. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that SmFe（1-x）AlxO3 remains an orthorhombic structure within the whole doping range, and the unit-cell volume decreases monotonically with the increase of doped A1 concentration. Besides, the octa- hedral tilting distortions of FeO6 are found to be alleviated while the tolerance factor increases. However, the relationship between the lattice parameters and Al concentration is observed to deviate from Vegard＇s rule, and this may be caused by magnetostriction effects. For the doping content values in a range 0 〈 x 〈 0.6, the ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and paramagnetism are observed to occur continuously. Moreover, the magnetization and the spin reorientation temperature （Tk） decrease monotonically as Al content value increases. With the doping content values being x = 0.8 and 1.0, these compounds only show paramagnetic behavior.     

NO_2的自增宽及N_2O_4和CO_2外加气体压致增宽系数的激光磁共振方法测量

激光磁共振光谱方法被用来研究NO_2的v_3振转带谱线的线宽及压致增宽。通过实验测量及数据分析得到了NO_2的自增宽系数及外来气体N_2O_4和CO_2对它的压致增宽系数,γ_(NO_2-NO_2N_2O_4CO_2)=0.043±0.005,0.014±0.003,0.013±0.003MHz/Pa(HWHM),并由此得到了相应的碰撞截面。这些参数的获得对大气污染监测具有十分重要的意义。     

Magnetic field aligned orderly arrangement of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles in CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 membranes

The CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 nanocomposite membranes with chainlike arrangement of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles are prepared by a magnetic-field-assisted solution casting method. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between the microstructure of the magnetic anisotropic CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 membrane and the evolved macroscopic physicochemical property. With the same doping content, the relative crystallinity of CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4-M is lower than that of CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-TR) measurements indicate that there is no chemical bonding between polymer molecule and Fe_3O_4 nanoparticle. The Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles in CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 and CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4-M are wrapped by the chains of CS/PVA, which is also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and x-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis. The saturation magnetization value of CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4-M obviously increases compared with that of non-magnetic aligned membrane, meanwhile the transmittance decreases in the UV-visible region. The o-Ps lifetime distribution provides information about the free-volume nanoholes present in the amorphous region. It is suggested that the microstructure of CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 membrane can be modified in its curing process under a magnetic field, which could affect the magnetic properties and the transmittance of nanocomposite membrane. In brief, a full understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic property of CS/PVA/Fe_3O_4 nanocomposite plays a vital role in exploring and designing the novel multifunctional materials.     

Contrasting physical properties of the trilayer nickelates Nd_4Ni_3O_(10) and Nd_4Ni_3O_8

We report the crystal structures and physical properties of trilayer nickelates Nd4Ni3O10and Nd4Ni3O8.Measurements of magnetization and electrical resistivity display contrasting behaviors in the two compounds.Nd4Ni3O10shows a paramagnetic metallic behavior with a metal-to-metal phase transition(T^*)at about 162 K,as revealed by both magnetic susceptibility and resistivity.Further magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient results show a negative magnetoresistance at low temperatures and the carrier type of Nd4Ni3O10is dominated by hole-type charge carriers.The significant enhancement of Hall coefficient and resistivity below T*suggests that effective charge carrier density decreases when cooling through the transition temperature.In contrast,Nd4Ni3O8 shows an insulating behavior.In addition,this compound shows a paramagnetic behavior with the similar magnetic moment as that of Nd4Ni3O10derived from the Curie-Weiss fitting.This may suggest that the magnetic moments in both systems are contributed by Nd^3+ ions.By applying pressures up to about 49 GPa,the insulating behavior is still present and becomes even stronger under a high pressure.Our results suggest that the different Ni configurations(Ni^1+/2+ or Ni^2+/3+)and the changes of coordination environment of Ni sites may account for the contrasting behaviors in trilayer nickelates Nd4Ni3O10and Nd4Ni3O8.     

Room-temperature ferromagnetism observed in Nd-doped In_2O_3 dilute magnetic semiconducting nanowires

Nd-doped In_2O_3 nanowires were fabricated by an Au-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition method.Nd atoms were successfully doped into the In_2O_3 host lattice structure,as revealed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and x-ray diffraction.Robust room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in Nd-doped In_2O_3 nanowires,which was attributed to the long-range-mediated magnetization among Nd~(3+)-vacancy complexes through percolation-bound magnetic polarons.     

半金属Fe3O4粉末的低场磁电阻效应

本文分析和报告了半金属Fe3O4粉末在不同温度下的低场磁电阻现象,将商品化的Fe3O4微米颗粒和运用球磨法制备的Fe3O4-Fe2O3核壳结构两种材料冷压成片和溶液涂敷进行对比,实验结果表明常温下半金属Fe3O4粉末的低场磁电阻效应依赖于样品制备方法,而对样品的颗粒的大小以及颗粒的组成成分不太敏感.     

Magnetic domain behaviour of MgFe2O4-CoFe2O4 system

Ferrites with the composition Mg_1−x CO _x Fe₂O₄(0<x≤0·33) were synthesized by solid state reaction between MgO,α-Fe₂O₃ and CoFe₂O₄ at 1300°C. The compounds were analyzed from the results of x-ray diffraction, magnetic hysteresis and initial susceptibility (χ) studies. All the compounds of the series were found to be monophasic with no appreciable change in their lattice parameter. The saturation magnetization and coercive field (H _c ) values increased with increasing cobalt ferrite content. Similarly, the shapes of theχ-T curves and temperature variations ofH _c values indicated that the magnetic behaviour changes from multi-domain to single domain with increasing cobalt content. The results are similar to those observed for the (MgFe₂O₄)_1−x (Co₃O₄) system.