变工况非定常叶栅绕流数值仿真

采用离散涡方法数值仿真了不同来流攻角下,固定与动边界叶栅绕流。在设计工况时流动接近定常流动。而变 工况时流动具有明显的非定常特征。特别是当攻角较大时,流场中存在着激烈分离,流动具有不稳定性。分离流动与旋涡 的分布息息相关。当来流角从20°到60°逐渐增大时,前驻点从背面经前缘点向腹面移动。固定叶栅与振动叶栅时的绕流 有明显的不同。振动叶栅绕流,流体决不是简单地随叶栅作同样的振动。     

不同攻角三角柱双自由度风致振动响应特性研究

结构的风致振动现象在自然界和工程应用中极其常见,本文针对等边三角柱风致振动问题,采用二维非稳态数值方法研究了不同来流攻角对振动响应的影响。结果表明,三角柱在低攻角下垂直流向的振幅极低且随折减速度U*的增加变化不大;当攻角α₀?40?时,三角柱垂直流向振幅随U*的增加而上升,可观察到初始分支和上部分支。除α₀=10?外,三角柱振动折减频率f_y*随U*的增加先缓慢上升(3≤U*≤8),后稳定于1.0附近,并可捕捉到频率锁定现象。α₀=40?时,随着U*的增加三角柱尾迹由双列涡街向单列涡街的转变。     

扩压叶栅角区马蹄涡的实验研究

本文给出了用三维激光多普勒测速技术对扩压叶栅叶片前缘马蹄涡的测量结果。实验结果表明：在０°和１０°两种攻角条件下均存在清晰的前缘马蹄涡;二次流的影响使得在靠近端壁壁面的区域实际入口气流角和叶片中径处不同,在不同的攻角条件下这种影响也不同;前缘马蹄涡的存在使得接近前缘的气流方向改变,气流角增大。     

二维叶片襟翼增升的试验研究

本文在雷诺数为0.24×106，0°－40°攻角范围内测定了带有90°，45°，135°三种不同偏转角的位于压力面后缘的襟翼的NACA632—215叶片的表面压力分布．根据压力分布求得的升力系数和阻力系数（压差）表明，襟翼能在不同程度上起到增升的效果，且当襟翼高度相同时，偏转角为90°时增升效果最佳；当偏转角为90°时，襟翼高度越大，升力系数增加越多．     

流体通过涡激振动机翼的声辐射研究

为了有效地降低涡激噪声,研究了粘性流体通过涡激振动机翼的声辐射。采用Navier-Stokes方程描述二维机翼的流固耦合运动,用弹簧系统代替实际固体变形产生的回复力和力矩,翼型的运动是两个自由度,即垂直于来流的振荡和转动振荡;为了模拟涡激振动,机翼的初始攻角取得比较大,以便产生周期性的旋涡脱落及周期性的流体动力,后者与弹簧系统相耦合,引起振动,用Lighthill声比拟方法研究了由此引起的声辐射。计算结果表明:当涡脱频率和机翼的固有的振动频率一致时,发生锁定的现象,此时的声辐射达到最大。     

三维透平叶片扭转颤振问题的流固耦合数值研究

颤振,尤其是失速颤振是引起叶轮机械安全事故的重要原因之一。由于叶片颤振的复杂性,过去人们一直采用半经验的方法研究叶片的颤振。本文发展了一套更精确的流固耦合计算方法,并用这种算法研究了三维透平叶片的扭转颤振。在模拟大负攻角下的颤振时发现,传播失速响应频率向固有频率靠近是振动发散的一个重要判据。通过计算得出了压比和攻角对颤振影响的特性曲线,它不但可用于判断流体激振的稳定性,而且可以研究颤振的强度。     

离心压气机进口导叶尾涡非定常发展的数值研究

本文在不同攻角和不同雷诺数Re下,对离心压气机进口导叶的内部流动进行了数值分析,探讨了导叶翼型绕流尾涡的非定常发展过程。结果表明,对本文所研究的导叶,攻角在30°～60°范围内,当雷诺数Re低于80时,流动是稳定的,翼型后方不出现大尺寸的流动分离;雷诺数Re大于80时,流动是非稳态的,此时翼型后方出现流动分离,并伴随有显著的涡脱落。     

基于平板叶栅的颤振关键参数研究

颤振是航空发动机和燃气轮机运行安全的重要威胁,判断颤振发生的传统经验法已经不再完全适用于新一代高负荷定制叶片,而大规模的三维非定常颤振计算在设计阶段难以实现。因此,为了给设计阶段提供参考,与叶片颤振特性相关的关键参数研究必不可少。本文基于二维平板叶栅,对折合频率、安装角、攻角、振动模态(平动和扭转)等影响颤振的关键参数开展了研究,旨在总结颤振稳定性随关键参数的变化趋势,为可能出现颤振风险部件的设计提供参考。     

不确定性条件下大型客机纵向静稳定性数值研究

飞机的几何不确定性和飞行中的来流不确定性常会引起飞机焦点位置的改变，进而影响飞机的静稳定性。采用CFD数值模拟方法对CHNT客机标模开展气动特性与静稳定性研究，基于非嵌入式概率配置点法，分析在机翼安装角和来流马赫数为不确定性参数情况下的飞机纵向静稳定性。计算结果表明，机翼安装角的正偏差将引起C_M曲线临界位置攻角的前移，翼根处分离流动增大，飞机焦点位置前移，纵向静稳定性减弱，俯仰力矩系数曲线导数C^α_M的PDF、CDF曲线形状类似Beta分布；来流马赫数的不确定性对焦点位置的影响显著，马赫数的正偏差可使飞机焦点位置后移，增强纵向静稳定性，C^α_M的PDF、CDF曲线形状也类似Beta分布。     

采用针孔照相方法测量弹丸飞行姿态

一、引言 测量弹丸飞行姿态,特别是出炮口100—200m以内的飞行姿态,是外弹道测试的重要内容。它与弹丸的飞行稳定性及射出密集度的研究有着非常密切的关系。 弹丸摆动幅值(攻角)及摆动波长的大小因弹而异,通常攻角幅值约2°～15°,波长约几米到几十米。要求至少可能测量3～5个摆动波长的攻角变化曲线。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.