湍流对离轴列阵高斯光束相干与非相干合成的影响

研究了湍流对离轴列阵高斯光束相干与非相干合成的影响.推导出了相干合成光束的传输方程.采用二阶矩束宽、桶中功率和参数β作为光束质量评价参数比较了离轴列阵高斯光束通过湍流大气的相干与非相干合成,并对主要结果给予了合理的物理解释.研究表明：一方面,不论是相干合成还是非相干合成,湍流都使得合成光束扩展、峰值光强下降,并且子光束数越多,合成光束受湍流影响就越小.另一方面,非相干合成光束较相干合成光束受到湍流的影响要小. 关键词： 相干与非相干合成 湍流大气 离轴列阵高斯光束     

1维线阵离轴高斯光束的分数傅里叶变换

 为研究非相干的1维线阵离轴高斯光束通过分数傅里叶变换(FRFT)系统的传输特性,利用Collins积分公式,导出了其在FRFT面上的光强分布解析式,并利用此解析式作数值计算和分析。研究表明：非相干的1维线阵离轴高斯光束在FRFT面上的光强分布由FRFT的阶数和子光束数目共同决定,其归一化的光强分布随FRFT的阶数周期性变化,周期为2;子光束数目的大小及其奇偶性对归一化光强分布的影响取决于FRFT的阶数;轴上归一化光强分布也随FRFT的阶数周期性变化,变化周期也为2。     

贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中的传输特性

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,推导了贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在湍流大气中传输时系统平均光强的解析表达式,研究了贝塞尔高斯空心涡旋光束在湍流大气中的光强传输特性,同时分析了大气湍流的强弱、涡旋光束的拓扑荷等对光束质量的影响.结果表明:贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时,光强分布经历几个连续的变化,相位奇异性也会在传输过程中消失,该过程与涡旋光束拓扑荷的数目、光束的束腰宽度以及大气湍流的强弱等因素密切相关.拓扑荷数目高的涡旋光束在湍流大气中传输时,其奇异性的保持较拓扑荷数目低的涡旋光束要好.另外,基于桶中功率理论,分析研究了涡旋光束的拓扑荷数目、大气湍流强弱和束腰宽度对贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时的光束质量的影响.     

湍流对M×N列阵双曲余弦高斯光束传输和远场光束质量的影响

基于广义惠更斯－菲涅耳原理,并采用光束的非相干合成方法,推导出了M×N双曲余弦高斯列阵光束在湍流中的三维光强传输方程.采用桶中功率、β参量和Strehl比作为光束质量的评价参量,研究了湍流大气对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响.研究表明:在湍流大气中,双曲余弦高斯列阵光束的传输将经历三个阶段的变化,并且湍流使得光束传输经历三阶段的进程加快;湍流导致双曲余弦高斯列阵光束扩展、最大峰值光强下降,但是,β参量随光束数目M（N）、相邻子光束间距xd（yd）和光束参量δ的增加而减少,即光束扩展受湍流的影响减小;并且,存在最佳xd（yd）和δ值使得Strehl比取得极大值.因此,适当选取M（N）、xd（yd）和δ可以降低湍流对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响.     

湍流对M×N列阵双曲余弦高斯光束传输和远场光束质量的影响

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,并采用光束的非相干合成方法,推导出了M×N双曲余弦高斯列阵光束在湍流中的三维光强传输方程.采用桶中功率、β参量和Strehl比作为光束质量的评价参量,研究了湍流大气对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响.研究表明:在湍流大气中,双曲余弦高斯列阵光束的传输将经历三个阶段的变化,并且湍流使得光束传输经历三阶段的进程加快;湍流导致双曲余弦高斯列阵光束扩展、最大峰值光强下降,但是,β参量随光束数目M(N)、相邻子光束间距xd(yd)和光束参量δ的增加而减少,即光束扩展受湍流的影响减小;并且,存在最佳xd(yd)和δ值使得Strehl比取得极大值.因此,适当选取M(N)、xd(yd)和δ可以降低湍流对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响.     

湍流对M×N列阵双曲余弦高斯光束传输和远场光束质量的影响

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,并采用光束的非相干合成方法,推导出了M×N双曲余弦高斯列阵光束在湍流中的三维光强传输方程．采用桶中功率、β参量和Strehl比作为光束质量的评价参量,研究了湍流大气对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响．研究表明：在湍流大气中,双曲余弦高斯列阵光束的传输将经历三个阶段的变化,并且湍流使得光束传输经历三阶段的进程加快;湍流导致双曲余弦高斯列阵光束扩展、最大峰值光强下降,但是,β参量随光束数目M（N）、相邻子光束间距xc（yd）和光束参量δ的增加而减少,即光束扩展受湍流的影响减小;并且,存在最佳xd（yd）和δ值使得Strehl比取得极大值．因此,适当选取M（N）、xd（yd）和δ可以降低湍流对双曲余弦高斯列阵光束远场光束质量的影响．     

倾斜离轴高斯-谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中通过猫眼光学镜头反射光的光强特性

本文研究了大气湍流和探测光空间相干性对倾斜离轴激光束通过猫眼光学 镜头反射光光强特性的影响. 研究表明: 由于光阑效应以及光束倾斜或离轴, 反射光光强出现振荡和非对称分布现象. 大气湍流不会改变其非对称性, 但湍流中其光强不再振荡. 当猫眼光学镜头存在微弱正离焦δ_max情况下, 轴上光强可达到最大值. 猫眼光学镜头焦距越大, 所需δ_max越大. 但是, 大气湍流和探测光相干性好坏都不会改变所需δ_max值. 在大气湍流中传输距离足够远时, 反射光强会成为离轴类高斯分布. 随着传输距离的增大, 相干性越差的探测光的反射光束扩展可以更小, 这与部分相干光自由空间传输规律完全不同. 探测光相干性越好, 其反射光强受湍流的影响越大, 但差异不大. 本文所得结果对激光主动探测的应用具有意义. 关键词： 猫眼光学镜头 大气湍流 部分相干光 光强     

相位屏法模拟高斯阵列光束海洋湍流传输特性

基于功率谱反演法产生海洋湍流相位屏,对多次传输过程进行统计平均,仿真分析不同海洋湍流参量下不同高斯阵列光束(矩形分布、径向分布及单束)长曝光光斑半径、光斑质心漂移特性及光强闪烁特性。结果表明:光束长曝光光斑半径、光斑质心漂移标准差及轴上闪烁系数均随湍流效应(湍流强度或传输距离)的增强而增大;同时,阵列光束与单束高斯光的光斑半径趋于一致,当传输距离继续增大时,单束高斯光束长曝光光斑半径略大。相对于单束高斯光,阵列光束在相同湍流条件下具有更小的漂移标准差,但轴上闪烁系数较大。相对于大气湍流而言,海洋湍流具有较强的闪烁效应。     

大气湍流尺度对部分相干光传输特性的影响

本文在考虑湍流内外尺度的情况下,对部分相干高斯谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中的传输特性进行了研究.主要采用考虑湍流内外尺度的修正Von Karmon谱模型,推导了部分相干光在大气湍流中的平均光强分布、光束扩展均方根束宽和漂移方差的解析式.对比分析了不同湍流强度情况下,湍流内外尺度对部分相干光在大气湍流中水平和斜程路径上传输特性的影响.结果表明:相同条件下,光束在大气湍流中传输时,沿斜程传输时的抗湍流能力强于水平传输;相比于大气湍流内尺度,大气湍流外尺度对光束漂移影响较大,外尺度对光束扩展与光强分布的影响较小,当湍流外尺度增大时,漂移现象会越来越严重;相比于大气湍流外尺度,湍流内尺度对光束扩展与光强分布的影响较大,当内尺度减小时,光束扩展现象越来越严重,光强分布也更分散,内尺度对漂移几乎无影响.     

大气湍流中部分相干聚焦涡旋光束的传输特性

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和相位结构函数的平方近似,研究了部分相干高斯-谢尔模型涡旋光束被聚焦后在大气湍流中的传输特性,得到了焦平面上光强解析表达式.利用该表达式,详细研究了该类光束在大气湍流中传输焦平面上的光强分布特性.结果表明：在大气湍流中,随着传输距离的增加,涡旋光束的奇异性逐渐降低.对于拓扑荷大的以及空间相干长度较长的涡旋光束,光束奇异性的保持相对要好.在一定的焦距长度和湍流大气条件下,我们可以通过调整光源的拓扑荷和相干长度控制焦面光强分布和焦斑大小.另外,有一定拓扑荷的涡旋光束可以在一定程度上降低大气湍流对传输光束焦面光强分布的影响.     

Propagation of Gauss--Bessel beams in turbulent atmosphere

This paper studies the propagation properties of Gauss--Bessel beams in a turbulent atmosphere. Based on the extended Huygens--Fresnel principle, it derives the intensity distribution expression for such beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Then the influence of turbulence and source beam parameters on the beam propagation is studied in great detail. It finds that the intensity distribution of Gauss--Bessel beams will change into Gaussian profile in a turbulent atmosphere, and that stronger turbulence and smaller topological charges will lead to a faster changing.     

Propagation characteristics of higher-order annular Gaussian beams in atmospheric turbulence

The propagation characteristics of higher-order annular Gaussian (HOAG) beams in turbulence are investigated. From a HOAG source plane excitation, the average intensity of the receiver plane is developed analytically. This formulation is verified against the previously derived HOAG beam solution in free space. The graphical outputs indicate that, upon traveling in turbulent atmosphere, the HOAG beam will undergo different stages of evolution. At intermediate propagation distances, it will attempt to concentrate the energy near the origin. In this process, the appearance of the single higher-order primary beam will be encountered. Eventually HOAG originated beam will become a pure Gaussian beam after propagating an excessive distance in the turbulent medium.     

Propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere

<正>Based on the extended Huygens-Presnel principle,the propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated.The intensity distribution and the polarization degree of beams on propagation are studied. It is found that the beam profile has a Gaussian shape under the influence of the atmospheric turbulence,and the polarization distribution shows a dip in the cross section as the beam propagates in the turbulent atmosphere.It is also found that the beam profile and the polarization distribution are closely related to beam parameter and atmospheric turbulence.     

Propagation of a Hermite–Laguerre–Gaussian beam in a turbulent atmosphere

The propagation and spreading of a Hermite–Laguerre–Gaussian (HLG) beam in a turbulent atmosphere has been investigated. Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral and some mathematical techniques, analytical expressions for the average intensity, the effective beam size, and the kurtosis parameter of an HLG beam in a turbulent atmosphere are derived, respectively. The average intensity distribution and the spreading properties of HLG beams in a turbulent atmosphere are numerically demonstrated. Upon propagation in a turbulent atmosphere, the central lobes in the beam spot of the HLG beam will evolve into the dominant lobes, and the peripheral lobes around the central lobes will evolve into the subdominant lobes. The influences of the additional angle parameter and the transversal mode numbers on the propagation of HLG beams in a turbulent atmosphere are also discussed. As the coherence length of the turbulence is determined by the propagation distance, the effect of the additional angle parameter on the effective beam size is related to the propagation distance. The kurtosis parameter generally increases with increasing the additional angle parameter. The influence of the transversal mode numbers on the kurtosis parameter is related to the additional angle parameter and the propagation distance. According to the practical need of free-space optical communications and remote sensing, the HLG beam in a turbulent atmosphere can be controlled by choice of the additional angle parameter and the transversal mode numbers.     

Propagation of modified Bessel-Gaussian beams in turbulence

We investigate the propagation characteristics of modified Bessel-Gaussian beams traveling in a turbulent atmosphere. The source beam formulation comprises a Gaussian exponential and the summation of modified Bessel functions. Based on an extended Huygens–Fresnel principle, the receiver plane intensity is formulated and solved down to a double integral stage. Source beam illustrations show that modified Bessel-Gaussian beams, except the lowest order case, will have well-like shapes. Modified Bessel-Gaussian beams with summations will experience lobe slicing and will display more or less the same profile regardless of order content. After propagating in turbulent atmosphere, it is observed that a modified Bessel-Gaussian beam will transform into a Bessel-Gaussian beam. Furthermore it is seen that modified Bessel-Gaussian beams with different Bessel function combinations, but possessing nearly the same profile, will differentiate during propagation. Increasing turbulence strength is found to accelerate the beam transformation toward the eventual Gaussian shape.     

涡旋光束在湍流大气中的传输特性

根据广义的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理, 研究了涡旋光束在湍流大气中的传输特性。研究结果表明, 涡旋光束在湍流大气中传输时, 截面光强会从空心分布转化为高斯分布。光束所带的拓扑电荷数以及大气湍流均会影响光强分布的变化。研究结果还表明, 涡旋光束能够抑制大气湍流对光束扩展的影响, 这一现象得到了实验上的证实。通过杨氏双缝干涉的方法, 还研究了涡旋光束经过湍流大气传输后的拓扑电荷数。研究发现, 涡旋光束经过湍流大气后, 拓扑电荷数将发生波动。     

Propagation of partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams with various symmetries in turbulent atmosphere

Normalized intensity distribution, the complex degree of coherence and power in the bucket for partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams (DHBs) with various symmetries propagating in atmospheric turbulence are derived using tensor method and investigated in detail. Analytical results show that, after sufficient propagation distance, partially coherent DHBs with various symmetries eventually become circular Gaussian beam (without dark hollow) in turbulent atmosphere, which is different from its propagation properties in free space. The partially coherent DHBs return to a circular Gaussian beam rapidly for stronger turbulence, higher coherence, lower beam order, smaller p or smaller beam waist width. Another interesting observation is that the profile of the complex degree of coherence attains a similar profile to that of the average intensity of the related beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Besides the laser power focusablity of DHBs are better than that of Gaussian beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere.     

Propagation of a phase-locked circular dark hollow beams array in a turbulent atmosphere

The propagation of phase-locked circular dark hollow beams array in a turbulent atmosphere is studied. An analytical expression for the average intensity distribution at the receiving plane is obtained based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The effects of turbulence, dark parameter and beam order of the beams array on the intensity pattern are studied and analyzed. It is found that the intensity pattern of the phase-locked circular dark hollow beams array will evolve from a multiple-spot-pattern into a Gaussian beam spot under the isotropic influence of the turbulence. The intensity pattern of beam array with a larger dark parameter and beam order evolves into the Gaussian-shape faster with increasing propagation distance.