面向核酸现场快速检测的多重实时荧光检测系统

核酸现场快速检测具有便捷、操作简单、无需专用实验室、报告快速等优点，能在机场、社区医院、海关、野外等各种复杂环境中进行检测。建立了一种可应用于核酸现场快速检测仪器的荧光检测系统，包括非共聚焦式的正交光路与多通道检测集成结构。前者信噪比高、小型便捷；后者切换效率高，能满足多重检测，其嵌合结构极大降低了通道间的荧光串扰。实验证明，系统的检测下限低于1.6μg/mL，荧光检测梯度性R2值（确定系数）均大于0.99，重复性测试的CV(coefficient of variance)值不超过1.27%。通道间荧光串扰测试表明，通道间无串扰问题，巨细胞病毒培养液的扩增实验准确性与稳定性较好，表明该系统能够针对多重检测进行有效荧光激发与采集。     

多通道PCR荧光检测仪的光学系统设计

针对目前实时定量PCR荧光检测仪系统中存在的检测效率低、体积大等问题,提出了一种基于传统单通道共聚焦型光路改善组件的方法,使激发光路和荧光收集光路共用一个大孔径透镜,并在该透镜的下方围绕多个激发光准直光路,同时在荧光收集光路中添加多个二向色镜,实现多通道荧光的同时检测。运用Code V软件设计出准直透镜和聚焦镜,将透镜数据导入到Lighttools软件中进行仿真模拟,结果表明,光学系统解决了现有实时定量PCR荧光检测仪中存在的问题,检测效率是原系统的2倍以上,体积比传统单通道集成的结构小2倍以上。     

双光子激发时间分辨荧光光谱测量技术

建立了一台基于高重复频率扫描相机的双光子激发时间分辨荧光光谱测量系统，能够同时测量样品的荧光光谱和寿命. 该系统的时间分辨率为6.5—200ps，光谱分辨率为1—3nm，能够实现快速数据采集以及可靠和可重复的寿命和光谱测量. 利用标准荧光染料(若丹明6G、香豆素314)及其混合溶液对该系统进行了测试，所得到的荧光光谱分布和寿命值与文献报道一致. 实验结果表明，该系统能有效区分多组分荧光团. 这为鉴别多荧光团或多组分生物组织提供了一种独特的对比方法，可用于多光谱分辨荧光寿命成像和荧光共振能量转移成像等方面. 关键词： 荧光寿命 荧光光谱 双光子激发 高重复频率扫描相机     

一种溶解氧敏感膜荧光发射效率光谱检测系统的研制

荧光猝灭法是快速测量污水、地表水以及渔业养殖水环境中溶解氧含量的先进技术之一,氧敏感膜是荧光猝灭法检测技术的核心,高荧光发射效率的氧敏感膜具有灵敏度高、特异性强、信噪比高的优点,检测结果更为准确。高效率是优选氧敏感膜的依据,也是溶解氧检测元器件、检测电路和检测光路优化设计的关键。现有溶解氧荧光检测装置中未有对氧敏感膜进行质量评估的标准方法,基于对已有传感器探头光路和电路的研究,该研究分析了全波段的荧光发射效率,选用大功率氙灯作为激发光源,基于连续单波长逐级扫描进行单色分光,构建了氧敏感膜的激发光-荧光光谱扫描装置,然后通过扫描测定氧敏感膜的激发光光谱和荧光光谱,提出并建立了荧光发射效率计算方法,提出的方法能客观地评估荧光发射能力,准确寻找最佳激发波长。为验证该方法的可行性,对来自国内外的多个氧敏感膜样品进行了实验测定,测试结果表明：单张氧敏感膜荧光发射效率随波长变化,呈多峰分布,同一型号的样品荧光效率曲线相似,但荧光发射效率差异较大,同一激发波长下荧光发射效率最大者较最小者高出14.5%,三张氧敏感膜的最大峰值波长均不同,分别为：401,543和435 nm,但发射峰值波长均为650 nm;不同型号的氧敏感膜相比较,最大荧光发射效率可相差1～2个数量级;实测传感器中使用的激发波长,其所选用的激发波长并非最大发射峰值波长,其荧光发射效率仅为最大荧光发射效率的1/2,表明传感器光源可以进一步优化选型。综上所述,本文建立了一种溶解氧敏感膜荧光发射效率检测系统,提出了以荧光发射效率评估氧敏感膜的方法,并开展了相关实验测定。本文工作可望用于新型氧敏感膜材料、工艺的研究及传感器优化设计与制造。     

激光诱导时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统

采用斜射式激发样品光路结构,设计了应用于测试时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统。利用该系统研究了氧化锌薄膜在355 nm激光脉冲激发下的时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱。结果表明,该系统能够实现测量时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱,并由此测量了样品的固体表面荧光寿命。该系统结构简单可靠,灵敏度高,响应速度快。     

拉曼光谱编码的荧光液相生物芯片检测系统研究

随着医疗诊断需求的增加,生物分子检测技术越来越受到人们的重视,液相生物芯片技术作为一种高通量,多通道的分子检测手段在近几年得到了飞速发展。通过层层自组装方法制备以微片为载体的拉曼光谱编码液相生物芯片,并利用自行搭建的一套高灵敏度、高分辨率的光学系统,实现对液相生物芯片的定性与定量分析。光学系统由拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统耦合而成。在拉曼光谱检测系统中激光器发射出785 nm波长的激光,通过二向色镜,带反反射镜与物镜汇聚到样品上,样品产生的拉曼散射光,经物镜,带反反射镜,二向色镜与拉曼滤波片,最后通过凹透镜聚焦到光谱仪的狭缝上,光谱仪色散实现在线阵CCD上拉曼光谱的获取。荧光显微成像系统应用光学成像原理,通过调节凹透镜与405 nm的激发光之间的距离,使激发光通过物镜均匀的照射到样品之上,样品激发出的荧光,通过物镜,带反反射镜,二向色镜,滤波片与相应的凹透镜,最后成像到面阵CCD上。改进传统便携式拉曼光谱检测系统光路并选用相应波段的带反反射镜与焦距20倍的物镜完成拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统的耦合。为了减少两路系统之间的相互影响选用合适的二向色镜以及滤波片,在提高耦合系统获取数据的准确性中有着重要的作用。该系统通过对反应之后的液相生物芯片进行拉曼光谱检测,以完成对每个编码玻片的定性识别,即解码;同时激发反应后液相生物芯片的荧光并采集荧光强度图,根据每个解码玻片上的荧光强度值完成对目标检测物的定量分析。区别于传统荧光编码液相生物芯片, 拉曼光谱编码具有稳定性更强,光谱分辨率更高等优点。该光学系统集拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统于一体,解决了目前未有基于拉曼编码的液相生物芯片的检测系统的问题,并且可同时对多种目标物进行识别和定量分析,提升了实验结果的准确性。     

基于TracePro软件的荧光信号光收集光路的设计与仿真

摇头丸、冰毒和海洛因等常见的毒品在特定波长激发下都可以发射荧光,但这些分子结构中的荧光基团数量较少或量子效率很低,当毒品的浓度较低时,荧光信号很弱,很难被检测到,从而限制了荧光光谱技术在毒检领域的应用。为了提高荧光光谱技术的灵敏度,从荧光信号的发散特性考虑,利用TracePro软件设计用于荧光信号收集的光路,这与传统的采用高功率激光器增加激发光能量和选用高灵敏探测器的解决方案不同;在光路中,选用抛物面型反射镜和菲涅耳透镜对不同发散角的荧光光束进行准直,采用平凸透镜和双凸透镜对光束进行缩束,采用特定尺寸的微透镜阵列对光束进行聚焦。对设计的光路进行仿真的结果表明:光路对荧光信号光的收集效率约为21.08%,比传统荧光收集光路的效率高6倍。所设计的光路可为改进本课题组已经开发的便携式高灵敏毒品荧光检测系统提供技术参考。     

基于激光诱导荧光的油类污染物检测系统研究

油类污染物具有破坏海洋生态系统和间接污染大气及土壤的危害,快速、准确地检测污染物的成分及其浓度具有重要意义。由于油类污染物光谱重叠严重,因此难以通过传统荧光分析准确加以区分。本文基于激光诱导荧光技术,以氙灯作为激发光设计荧光光谱检测系统,并对0#柴油、92#汽油和煤油进行扫描和检测,从而获得激发/发射光谱以及最佳激发/发射波长。并对该系统的软件算法部分进行改进,运用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑直接获得更加精确的激发/发射光谱,更能全面、准确地反映油类物质的荧光特性信息。并与传统的荧光光谱仪得到的光谱图进行对比,经实验验证激光诱导荧光技术的荧光光谱检测系统的有效性,对油类污染物的荧光光谱信号的检测具有更高的灵敏度。     

多道激光Raman光谱检测系统

设计了一种多道激光Ｒａｍａｎ光谱检测系统,由Ａｒ＾＋激光器、外光路、多色仪和光学多道分析仪（ＯＭＡⅡ）组成,通过对ＣＣｌ４、Ｃ６Ｈ６、Ｃ６Ｈ１２的Ｒａｍａｎ光谱的检测表明,与单道激光Ｒａｍａｎ光谱检测系统相比,多道系统大大缩短记录Ｒａｍａｎ光谱的时间,但每道的积分时间可延长至１０－５０ｓ,将多道探测器的工作温度降低到５℃,可获得信噪比高、灵敏度高、质量好的Ｒａｍａｎ光谱。采用微分软件处理Ｒａｍａｎ     

基于光谱吸收法和荧光法的甲烷和二氧化硫检测系统的研究

根据污染气体的光谱吸收特性与荧光特性,设计了一套时分复用检测系统,既可以使用光谱吸收法检测甲烷和二氧化硫又可以使用荧光法检测二氧化硫。系统采用组合可切换光源、共用光路、气室及信号处理部分,首先进行光谱吸收和荧光的特性测量,然后进行光谱吸收法检测甲烷与二氧化硫浓度实验,以及紫外荧光法检测二氧化硫浓度实验。经过光谱吸收和荧光的特性测量得出吸收法测二氧化硫和甲烷的吸收峰处的激发波长分别为280nm和1.64μm,荧光法测二氧化硫最佳激发波长为220nm。经光谱吸收法实验可得甲烷浓度与相对强度的线性关系和二氧化硫浓度与输出电压的线性关系,线性度分别为98.7%,99.2%;经荧光法实验可得二氧化硫浓度与电压成线性关系,线性度达到了99.5%。研究表明,该系统能使用于污染气体的光谱吸收检测和紫外荧光检测。将两种测量方式组合在一起,降低了成本与体积,同时此系统也可用于其他气体的检测,有一定的应用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.