应用于超导磁体冷却的新型低温传热元件

本文针对我们已提出的自然循环与低温热管耦合的新型传热元件进行了初步的数值模拟．基于一些合理的假设，利用一维两相流均相动态模型对液氮在自然循环管路中的瞬时换热量进行了计算，在与实验结果进行比较的基础上，得到了一些有关冷却时间与最低冷却温度的初步结论，并对计算结果进行了分析．     

垂直加热管内下降两相流瞬态空泡率的数学模型研究

本文提出瞬态垂直下降流动管内两相流空泡率的数学模型和其计算方法，可用来计算介质流量瞬变和加热负荷瞬变时管内各处的空泡率．为了验证模型计算的精确性，在R－12实验台架上进行了空泡率的测量，同样工况下，测量与计算结果相当一致．流量瞬变时的最大平均偏差小于13％，热负荷瞬变时小于15％．由此可认为本模型方法，可用于工程计算，尤其适用于棒束之类的复杂流道．     

模型燃烧室冷热态两相流场的计算研究

本文采用在前期冷态两相流场和喷雾场的实验和计算研究基础上,对模型燃烧室冷态两相场的计算做了修正,考虑了湍流扩散、混合和传热传质的影响,取得与实验结果进一步的吻合。并通过不同进口温度下的计算,分析了热态两相流场和喷雾场在不同进口温度下的变化。     

沸腾两相自然循环系统稳定性的数值仿真分析

随着先进核反应堆的研究兴起,两相自然循环系统的稳定性问题受到广泛重视．本文在ＥＩＣＥ算法的基础上发展了数值仿真算法ＡＥＩＣＥ,对两相自然循环系统特性和稳定性进行了分析．分析表明,增大系统压力和增加入口欠热度,均会增大两相自然循环系统的稳定区域．计算结果与实验数据符合得较好．     

并联管两相流不稳定性的研究

在高压汽水回路上对垂直并联管中汽液两相流不稳定性进行了试验研究．确定了压力、质量流速、入口过冷度、热负荷及热负荷不对称分布、进口及出口节流、可压缩容积等对不稳定性的影响．得出了压力降型和密度波型不稳定性的界限，给出了并联管中计算不稳定性起始条件的无因次方程，为大型直流锅炉和蒸汽发生器的设计提供依据．     

可燃悬浮寺燃烧诱导激波可其加速过程研究

以铝粉为例，基于双流体模型，分别采用ＴＶＤ格式和ＭａｃＣｏｍａｃｋ格式计算气相和颗粒相流场，基于Ａｒｒｉｈｅｎｉｕｓ定律及管道壁面湍流ｋ－ε模型计算流场反应速度，对水平燃烧管内可燃悬浮粉尘在弱点火条件下激波的产生及加强过程进行了理论分析与数值模拟。研究发现，壁面湍流在火焰加速及燃烧诱导激波过程中起着关键作用，数值计算结果揭示了可燃悬浮粉尘云中压缩波到激波的转捩机制及气固两相流场参数的变化规律。计算     

方形分离器内气固两相流动的数值模拟

本文采用颗粒随机轨道模型，并与ｋ－ε模型及应力代数模型相结合，对方形分离器内的三维气固两相流动进行了数值模拟，气相计算得到了与实验结果基本一致的湍流流场，两相计算得出了与实验基本符合的分离器分离效率曲线。计算结果表明，在方形分离器内的旋风流动计算中，ｋ－ε模型及应力代数模型均得到比较合理的结果，并与实验符合较好；两相流动的计算初步分析了方形分离器的分离性能及分离机理，得到对工程设计有指导意义的结论。     

煤粉颗粒所受Magnus力的数值模拟

本文采用数值模拟方法计算了煤粉颗粒所受的Ｍａｇｎｕｓ力,考察了颗粒的旋转速度、流动Ｒｅ数对Ｍａｇｎｕｓ力的影响,并且给出了相应的关系公式．通过比较煤粉颗粒在运动过程中所受到的Ｍａｇｎｕｓ力与气动力的大小,得出：当煤粉颗粒的旋转速度为１８００转／分时,其大小约为气动力的１％,因此在实际的煤粉颗粒受力分析中是完全可以忽略该力的。     

改进的随机轨道模型

在随机轨道模型中,由于气相脉动速度对分散相颗粒作用的间歇性,使得井非在控制体内轨道上的每一点都可以代表该轨道参与颗粒相平均特性的统计计算,从而出现随机轨道模型往往低估颗粒相湍流脉动的情况．为此,本文提出了一种改进的随机轨道模型,在该模型中,分散相的时平均量在由其自身湍流脉动所确定的随机轨道上输运．与常用的随机轨道模型相比,其具有计算量小、计算结果合理且易于得到和分散相入口湍流脉动状况易于考虑等特点．对一简单已知流场的预报结果合理正确,克服了常用的随机轨道模型低估颗粒相湍流脉动的困难．     

水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流计算

1引言本文利用两相流动的多流体模型和k－。－A。两相索流模型计算水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流。在索流两相流动的多流体即多连续介质模型中，离散相看成是Euler坐标中处理的拟流体。与小滑移和无泪移模型不同的是，多流体模型可以分别考虑大滑移和离散颗粒扩散，其间无直接联系，并且能够充分考虑离散相质量、动量及能量的湍流扩散山本文利用速度压力校正法之一：SIMPLEC法进行数值计算。该法最早使用在S．VPatankar和D．B．Snalding在1972年提出的SIMPLE算法中间，本文将其推广到具有交错网格的非正交贴体坐标系中计算三维…     

射流抛光多相紊流流场的数值模拟

 理论分析了射流抛光的紊动冲击射流特点,构建了射流抛光的垂直冲击射流模型和斜冲击射流模型。根据射流抛光冲击射流的特点,比较各种流体模型后,采用RNG k-e 模型应用于射流抛光模型的计算。利用计算流体力学理论的二阶迎风格式对抛光模型方程离散,用SIMPLEC数值计算方法对射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流和离散相磨粒分布进行数值模拟,得到了射流抛光过程的连续流场和离散相磨粒与水溶液的耦合流场,同时计算出了抛光液射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度、剪切力分布和磨粒体积质量分布,分析了垂直射流抛光模型和斜冲击射流抛光模型紊流流场的特点。     

基于Poiseuille流动的汽车磁流变减振器分析与测试

利用牛顿流体模型和滨汉流体模型,对基于Poiseuile流动的汽车磁流变减振器进行了分析,设计制作了微型汽车磁流变减振器,并对此进行了测试,测试结果表明：所提出的分析方法是可行的,对设计汽车磁流变减振器有一定的指导意义。     

Heat capacities of the dipolar Yukawa model polar fluid

The Stockmayer fluid is often used to describe a polar fluid. The dipolar Yukawa (DY) fluid is also a useful model for such fluids and is convenient for theoretical applications. Here we use the mean spherical approximation (MSA) and perturbation theory (PT) to study the heat capacities of the DY fluid model of a polar fluid and compare these results with Monte Carlo simulations for this model polar fluid. We find that the DY fluid shows the same features as the Stockmayer fluid does; demonstrating the utility of the DY fluid and further finding that the MSA and PT approaches give reasonably accurate results for the heat capacity.     

Streamer radius model and its assessment using two-dimensionalmodels

The variable radius method is proposed to approximate the radius of the ionization channel in the one and a half-dimensional (1.5-D) fluid models for studying streamer development, in which the unreasonable constant radius in the traditional 1.5-D fluid models is corrected. The streamer development and propagation between the 1.5-D fluid model with the variable radius method and the two-dimensional (2-D) fluid model using the same initial and external conditions are compared. The radius in each stage of streamer development from the 1.5-D fluid model with the variable radius method shows agreement to a certain degree with that of the 2-D fluid model. The purpose of this paper is not to negate the role of the 2-D fluid models, but to explore the potential of the 1.5-D fluid models and make them more useful and accurate as well as to understand the evolution of streamer radius. The streamer development from the 1.5-D fluid model with the variable radius method not only maintains simplicity of the 1.5-D fluid models, but also presents agreement with the 2-D fluid models for streamers     

连续激光内通道传输的弱可压缩流模型

 分析了激光在气体中传输时采用等压近似线性方程求解流场密度分布的优缺点，在高低速流场统一计算模型的基础上提出了基于压力原变量的分步求解的弱可压缩流计算模型，并分析了该模型的特点。采用该模型结合标量衍射理论对连续激光在封闭充气管道中受到的气体热效应影响进行了数值仿真。仿真结果与实验结果的对比表明，弱可压缩流计算模型能更精确地反映非自由边界热对流对气体密度分布的影响，进而反映流场对光束的影响。这说明弱可压缩流计算模型能较好地适应内通道光传输问题的仿真研究。     

Simulation of critical fluid Rayleigh linewidth behavior by a normal fluid system

The dynamic droplet model of a critical fluid provides a simple physical model of a critical fluid. We use this to model an emulsion which mimics the Rayleigh linewidth behavior of a critical fluid in the nonhydrodynamic regime.     

Density functional theory of vapor to liquid heterogeneous nucleation: Lennard–Jones fluid on solid substrate

Density functional theory has been applied to investigate the vapor to liquid heterogeneous nucleation on a flat solid surface, by invoking a model free energy density functional along with an exponential density model. The effects of supersaturation of the vapor and the strength of the solid-fluid interaction on the nucleation barrier have been investigated for Lennard–Jones fluid with 12–6 fluid–fluid and 9–3 solid–fluid interaction model. The spinodal decomposition of vapor has been observed at higher supersaturation or at higher strength of the solid–fluid interaction. The shape, density profile and the free energy of formation of droplets of any arbitrary size have been obtained in this work.     

多孔介质渗透率的NMR测定

介绍了利用NMR T₂ 弛豫数据求取岩心物性参数--渗透率的方法. 国外学者在分析了大量数据的基础上,建立了3种由T₂ 弛豫数据计算渗透率的模型,分别简称为SDR,Coates-cutoff和Coates-sbvi. 其中SDR模型不受束缚水计算方法的影响,但对岩心孔隙中流体的性质很灵敏,比较适合于水基泥浆地层. coates-cutoff和Coates-sbvi模型对束缚水的计算精度很敏感,可动和不可动流体孔隙体积的测定对渗透率的计算结果影响也很大. 此外,这三种模型对于低渗透率岩石的计算误差都较大. 通过对不同类型岩心的T₂ 弛豫特性和用常规方法测得的渗透率进行系统分析,在SDR模型的基础上所建立的渗透率测定方法（SDR-REV）有三个可调整参数,计算渗透率适用范围更大,计算的结果与常规实验值更接近. 把SDR-REV方法用于砂岩、砾岩、凝灰岩和火成岩四类岩心样品渗透率的测定,说明SDR-REV方法具有更普遍的适用性. 特别是对于中国普遍存在的低渗透岩心,测定结果更为准确.     

Substantiation of the two-temperature kinetic model by comparing calculations within the kinetic and fluid models of the positive column plasma of a dc oxygen discharge

Results from kinetic and fluid simulations of the positive column plasma of a dc oxygen discharge are compared using commercial CFDRC software (), which enables one to perform numerical simulations in an arbitrary 3D geometry with the use of both the fluid equations for all the components (fluid model) and the kinetic equation for the electron energy distribution function (kinetic model). It is shown that, for both the local and nonlocal regimes of the formation of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), the non-Maxwellian EEDF can satisfactorily be approximated by two groups of electrons. This allows one to take into account kinetic effects within the conventional fluid model in the simplest way by using the proposed two-temperature approximation of the nonequilibrium and nonlocal EEDF (2T fluid model).     

Effect of molecular structure on fluid transport through carbon nanotubes

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to study the transport of geometrically modified water models through channels of carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes. We use two modifications to an existing water model (extended simple point charge SPC/E) as representative surrogates of molecular fluids: (1) bent model (model B) in which the HOH angle is varied while keeping the dipole moment constant by adjusting the OH bond length and (2) modified bent model (model MB) in which the HOH angle changes without any change in OH bond length thereby changing the dipole moment. Interestingly, we find that the fluid transport is a nonmonotonic function of the bond angle for both fluid models. This observed trend is not anticipated based on the fluid density as a function of the bond angle inside and outside of the nanotube channel. However, the average residence time of transmitted molecules through the channel provides an approximately inverse linear correlation with the observed flux, independent of the fluid model. Based on these correlations, we have developed an empirical design parameter connecting fluid transport through CNTs as a function of average occupancy (number of fluid molecules inside the nanotube) and the average residence time. Our results suggest that transport through carbon nanotubes can be sensitive to small changes in the structure of fluid molecules that can potentially be utilised for mixture separation.