与人射线偏振光振动方向无关的低偏振度消偏器

消偏器是光纤传感器、光放大器等偏振敏感性光学系统中的关键器件,用于减小输入光的偏振度(DOP)。设计了一种与入射线偏振光振动方向无关的低偏振度消偏器,该器件中利用人为的偏振相关延迟代替了保偏光纤的双折射,并在偏振相关型消偏器前增加了一个1/4波片,从而对任意方向振动的线偏振光具有相同的消偏能力,结构紧凑。对消偏性能随波片阶数、入射光中心波长和振动方向的变化作了数值计算。实验中采用半峰全宽为0．13 nm的光源,入射线偏振光在任意方向振动时,输出光偏振度小于2．6%,消偏器的插入损耗为0．6 dB,损耗起伏小于0．11 dB。实验和数值计算结果表明,该消偏器具有低偏振度、低插入损耗和适合于宽光谱应用的优点。     

光纤陀螺消偏结构与偏振度关系的研究

利用在光源出端加单段保偏光纤和在消偏器后端加Loyt消偏器,可以使进入光纤线圈的光的偏振度降到10－3数量级,降低了因外界因素对线圈中光偏振态的影响而产生的光纤陀螺偏振误差.并用琼斯矩阵计算的方法,分析了光路中四个胶合角与偏振度的关系及每个角度的取值范围.最后探讨了工艺上胶合角度测量与实现.     

保偏光纤和偏振器对传输光光谱的影响

保偏光纤和偏振器的参数以及它们之间的连接角度对传输光的光谱特性有重要的影响。利用琼斯矩阵建立了光波的传输模型,首次讨论了光波偏振度、光纤长度、光纤之间以及光纤与器件之间的对轴角度等对输出光谱的影响。研究表明,当光纤之间或光纤与器件之间的对轴角度不为零时,完全非偏振光的输出光谱形状不会发生改变,而偏振或部分偏振光波的输出光谱中叠加了周期函数。对轴角度一定时,光纤越长,周期函数的周期越小;光纤长度一定时,在一定的范围内,对轴角度越大,周期函数的幅值越大。通过实验对结论进行了验证。结论对采用保偏光纤和偏振器的系统具有理论指导意义。     

光纤偏振控制器

采用液晶延时器,光纤偏振控制器可把任意的输入偏振转变为期望的输出偏振。该器件的插入损耗小于1.2dB,偏振消光比大于23dB,波长范围为1.2μm～1.6μm,该器件可对光纤环形激光器及相干光通信的单模光纤实施实时偏振控制。     

线圈型全光纤偏振器的研究

本文采用等效电流法对线圈型全光纤偏振器进行了分析计算.对应于保偏光纤中两正交传输基模的消光比,提出了一种分析保偏光纤弯曲损耗的新方法,这种方法基于将保偏光纤两个不同偏振模式分别等效为两个普通圆光纤的基模,等效参数通过测量不同偏振模式的模场半径来确定.实验证明这种理论计算方法与实验结果一致.最终,我们研制出的线圈型光纤偏振器在1.31μm工作波长下,实测消光比达30dB以上,工作偏振模式插入损耗≤3dB.     

光的偏振性对Hanbury Brown-Twiss实验的影响

在理论和实验上研究了完全偏振光的不同偏振态和光的偏振度对Hanbury Brown-Twiss实验二阶关联函数g(2)的影响.实验中用线偏振光通过1/4波片获得椭圆偏振光,并通过旋转波片实现对完全偏振光偏振态的改变;用两柬振动方向相互垂直,传播方向相同且相位差随机的线偏振光合成部分偏振光,并通过调节一束光的光强实现对合成光偏振度的改变.结果表明:对于完全偏振光,其偏振态的改变对g(2)没有影响;对于不同偏振度P的光源,g(2)为P的二次函数.特殊地,自然光情况下P=0,g(2)的理论最大值为1.5;完全偏振光情况下P=1,g(2)的理论最大值为2.理论与实验符合得较好.     

起偏角对保偏光纤中光波偏振度的影响

实际应用中,入射到保偏光纤的光波通常是准单色光。当入射光的偏振方向与保偏光纤本征轴未对准时,光波在保偏光纤中传播时的偏振度会发生变化。利用部分相干理论分析了准单色偏振光和部分偏振光在保偏光纤中传播时偏振度随起偏角和传播距离的变化情况。实验研究了部分偏振光的偏振度随起偏角变化的规律。研究结果表明:传播距离在厘米量级内时,偏振度随传播距离的变化较明显,对于一般的长距离传输而言,传播距离对偏振度的影响可以忽略;与传播距离相比,起偏角对偏振度的影响较大,为了使偏振度的相对变化量小于0.01%,起偏角必须控制在0.405°以内。     

全光学偏振自动控制器

本文报道新近研制的一种单模光纤偏振控制顺，该器件采用全光学的方法对光纤输出光信号的任意偏振态进行自动调整，使其成为一沿给定方向偏振的线偏振态，器件插入损耗小于１ｄＢ，与半导体激光放大器耦合损耗可小于５．５ｄＢ，其偏振灵敏度不大于０．５ｄＢ．     

石英消偏器紫外-真空紫外消偏特性研究

在Lyot消偏器的基础上 ,设计研制了由两块楔角相同的楔形石英晶体构成的石英消偏器 ,用于降低光谱仪偏振响应度。根据矩阵光学理论 ,数值模拟计算了紫外 真空紫外波段石英消偏器消偏特性随其中心厚度以及入射光偏振状态、光谱带宽等的变化规律。利用氟化锂偏振器作为起偏器和检偏器 ,在 1mSeya Namioka单色仪上实验研究了石英消偏器在紫外 真空紫外波段的消偏特性 ,经过石英消偏器后 ,出射光的偏振度小于 1% ,可满足石英消偏器用于光谱辐射测量的工作要求。     

宽谱段成像光栅光谱仪消偏器的设计

随着宽谱段高分辨率光谱仪在海洋空间遥感领域的广泛应用,其前置消偏器的设计要求越来越高。为满足成像光谱仪的要求,利用矩阵光学的原理,对应用最为广泛的Lyot消偏器,从残余偏振度的公式出发,对其与晶体楔角和厚度的关系进行数值分析,结合残余偏振度和光学系统分辨率的要求提出了用于宽谱段光谱仪消偏器参数的设计方法。运用该设计方法对400~950nm宽谱段成像光栅光谱仪消偏器进行设计,在全波段范围内,光谱分辨率为4nm时,对任意偏振态的线偏光,消偏器的出射光的残余偏振度均小于2%。     

Lyot型单色光退偏器设计与研究

为了实现单色线偏振光的退偏,在Lyot型退偏器的基础上,设计了一种新型退偏器。该器件由2个慢轴夹角为45的1/4波片组成,通过对透射光的叠加分析,发现该退偏器可将任意振动方位角的线偏振光转化为强度稳定的圆偏振光,并得到其退偏度表达式。针对633 nm波段,精选2个1/4波片制作样品,并测试其退偏度。测试结果表明:对不同方位角的线偏振光,退偏器退偏度超过94%,当微调入射角时,退偏度则达到97%以上。     

Bragg fiber design for linear polarization

A new design is presented for Bragg fibers that allows low-loss propagation for linearly polarized light. Predictions based on a simple ray model show that approximately doubling the thickness of the first wall layer results in low losses at TM-like boundaries while keeping TE-like boundary losses manageable. This contrasts sharply with conventional quarter-wave designs that are extremely low loss for TE01 modes but very high loss for linear polarization. We fabricate Bragg fibers based on this design concept in a Si/SiO2 system and verify experimentally that they propagate linearly polarized light with losses less than 6 dB/cm over a 60-nm spectral range.     

椭球粒子烟雾浓度对激光偏振度影响的实验研究

以斯托克斯矢量理论为基础,通过搭建偏振传输半实物模拟装置进行模拟实验,观测激光在模拟环境(不同浓度的椭球粒子在非均匀分布状态)下偏振度(degree of polarization, DOP)的变化。实验选取灵芝孢子碳化粉末作为椭球粒子的实验对象,通过烟雾机将椭球粒子形成不同浓度的烟雾,研究入射波长为532 nm、671 nm的激光在0°、+45°、90°的线偏振光以及左旋圆偏振光经过模拟环境后偏振度(DOP)的变化情况。实验结果表明:入射偏振光随着烟雾浓度的增大,偏振度呈下降趋势;3种入射线偏振光随浓度增大降幅不尽相同,没有明显的规律可循;不同波长低浓度烟雾时,线偏振光与圆偏振光的偏振度下降幅度大抵相同,大约为3%左右;随着烟雾浓度的增大,线偏振光的偏振度表现出不同程度的下降,可达20%,圆偏振光的偏振度仅下降5%,表现出了较好的保偏能力。     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532nm、650nm和780nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532nm波长的总偏振度高于650nm和780nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

不同波长的散射介质后向散射光偏振度特性

基于Stockes矢量,通过测量以线偏振光和圆偏振光入射时脂肪乳剂后向散射光的偏振度,研究了532 nm、650 nm和780 nm三个波长的光与散射粒子粒径为325 nm的脂肪乳剂溶液作用后,其后向散射光的偏振度特性.研究结果表明,对于入射线偏振光,780 nm波长后向散射光中的线偏振光成分多于圆偏振光成分,而532 nm波长则相反;对于入射圆偏振光,三个波长后向散射光中的圆偏振光成分均多于线偏振光成分;532 nm波长的总偏振度高于650 nm和780 nm两个波长各自的总偏振度;线偏振光的保偏性优于圆偏振光的保偏性,但偏振光在散射介质中的穿透深度较小.因此,后向散射成像技术适用于物体表层成像,而且选择波长略大于粒径的线偏振光可以提高成像质量.     

Photonic density and nonreciprocal optical properties in chiral liquid crystals

Nonreciprocal optical properties of anisotropic (nano-film) heterostructures made of a cholesteric and nematic liquid crystal (CLC-NLC) layers are studied. Namely, a NLC-CLC (and CLC-NLC) structures are considered in which the NLC layer is a quarter-wave plate. The problem is exactly solvable by Ambartsumians’ modified layer addition and Mullers’ transfer-matrix methods. The peculiarities of the polarization dependent properties, such as the photonic density of states, reflection spectra, the polarization plane rotation and ellipticity spectra are investigated. It is shown that such a system canwork as a light modulator, an element for obtaining linearly polarized light with an electrically tunable polarization plane rotation, or a transformer of non-polarized source into linearly polarized light. The analysis of the optical properties in investigated structures can be used for design of perspective optical diodes, microlasers and multifunctional elements on chiral liquid crystals with electrically tunable polarization plane rotation and field controlled light polarization.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

Quasi-monochromatic fiber depolarizer and its application to polarization-dependent loss measurement

We theoretically derive the relationship between the degrees of polarization (DOPs) of input and output for an optical component with polarization-dependent loss (PDL) and birefringence. Based on the theoretical result, we propose a novel depolarizer for quasi-monochromatic light that can depolarize a fully polarized light with a 50 MHz linewidth to less than 0.2% in the DOP The depolarized light is then used to measure PDL in a single-mode optical fiber link. To the best of our knowledge, our new PDL measurement method is significantly faster than all known methods. Experimental results show excellent agreement with other methods.     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.