外部绕流的Navier-Stokes方程的边界层方程和维数分裂法

采用基于物体表面二维曲面的半测地坐标系(S-coordinate)建立了一个新的外部绕流边界层方程(boundary layer equations,BLE).BLE是一个关于物体的未知法向粘性应力张量和压力的非线性偏微分方程,其解的存在性得到了证明.此外,通过在二维流形上应用若干个2D-3C偏微分方程组来近似Navier-Stokes方程,获得了三维Navier-Stokes方程的维数分裂法.最后,对球和椭球的外部绕流问题给出了算例.     

一个新的边界层方程及其在形状控制中的应用

本文给出固壁边界上(即一个二维流形上) 的流体速度梯度和压力的二阶偏微分方程, 从而也给出边界上法向应力, 以及流体中运动物体所受的阻力和升力的计算公式. 本方法的创新在于边界上法向速度梯度不是通过在边界层内速度梯度的数值微分达到, 而是通过它与其他变量一起作为一组偏微分方程的解而得到, 证明边界层方程组的适定性问题, 并且给出解关于边界形状的Gâteaux 导数所满足的偏微分方程. 本文将本方法应用于飞机外形的形状最优控制, 给出阻力泛函关于形状第一变分的可计算形式. 数值例子表明, 用本方法得到的阻力精度比通用程序得到要高.     

拟线性双曲抛物偶合组混合问题的局部古典解的存在性和唯一性

§1.引言 工程物理中的许多问题在数学上可归结为双曲抛物偶合方程组,如幅射流体力学方程组、粘性可压缩流方程组等。由于实践的需要使许多学者重视这类方程的研究,李大潜等在中对拟线性双曲抛物偶合组的第二边值问题利用Leray-Schauder不动点原理证得了局部古典解的存在唯一性。另外,在微分方程的适定性证明中除了用泛     

一类特殊空间上映射的梯度几何流柯西问题解的存在唯一性

通过几何分析方法与抛物型方程组解的逼近理论,研究特殊空间(一维球面S~1到二维球面S~2)上映射的梯度几何流柯西问题解的存在唯一性.利用能量法和空间本身特有的性质来解决能量守恒的问题,并利用适当的抛物型方程组逼近该梯度几何流,在适当的Sobolev空间中建立先验估计,找到其时间的一致正下界和抛物型方程组一列解的Sobo1ev范数的一致边界,借助于抛物型偏微分方程的理论,以此决定该柯西问题解的存在唯一性.     

第二梯度流体的蠕变流和热传导相似解

给出了在笛卡儿坐标系中,忽略惯性的缓慢流动的二维运动方程和二阶梯度流体的传热方程．当Re1时,若从运动方程中简单地省略惯性项,则结果方程的解仍然近似有效．事实上,从无量纲的动量和能量方程也可导出这一结论．利用李群分析,知道求得的方程是对称的．李代数包括4个有限参数和一个无限参数组成的李群变换,其中一个是比例对称变换,另一个是平移变换．利用对称性求得两种不同形式的解．利用x和y坐标的平移,给出了指数形式的精确解．对于比例对称变换,更多地涉及到常微分方程,只能给出级数形式的近似解,最后讨论了某些边值问题．     

Fokas-Lenells方程的代数几何解

从一个给定的谱问题出发,利用Lenard梯度序列推导出Fokas-Lenells方程.随后,这个方程被分解为可解的常微分方程.基于Lax矩阵的有限阶展开,引入了椭圆坐标,从而,流可以在Abel-Jacobi坐标下被拉直.最后,利用Riemann θ函数得到了Fokas- Lenells方程的代数几何解的表示.     

非定常边界层问题整体解的存在唯一性

研究粘性不可压缩流体中的边界层问题. 通过引进变换, 将原来边界层问题化为仅含有一个方程的拟线性抛物方程的初边值问题. 对于不同情形, 分别证明了该问题整体解与局部解的存在唯一性.     

弱粘性流体中垂直激励表面波的阻尼效应

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中,将Navier-Stokes方程线性化,利用两时间尺度奇异摄动展开法研究了弱粘性流体的单一自由面驻波运动．整个流场被分为外部势流区和内部边界层区两部分,对两部分区域分别求解,得到包含阻尼项和外驱动影响的线性振幅方程．利用稳定性分析,得到形成稳定表面波的条件,给出了临界曲线．此外,还获得了阻尼系数的解析表达式．最后,将线性阻尼加到理想流体条件下所得到的色散关系中对其进行修正,理论结果证明修正后的驱动频率更加接近实验的结果．通过计算发现,当驱动的频率较低时,流体的粘性对表面波模式选择有重要影响,而表面张力的影响不明显;但当驱动频率较高时,流体的表面张力起主要作用,而流体的粘性影响甚小．     

流过半无限竖直可渗透壁面时的磁流体动力学自由对流

研究不可压缩粘性导电流体,流过半无限竖直可渗透平板时,将其偏微分形式的流动和传热的基本控制方程,应用适当的相似变换,简化为非线性的常微分方程组．对两种抽吸参数:大的和小的抽吸参数,采用摄动法得到变换后方程的近似解．数值结果表明,随着磁场参数和抽吸参数的增大,任意点的速度场在减小;磁场参数的影响,引起热边界层厚度的增大;速度和温度场随着热汇参数的增大而减小．     

一类特殊线性方程组的解

先看一个例子。例 解下列二元线性方程组: 解后发现:这三个方程组虽然互不相同,但它们的解却是相同的,均为这是为什么?经观察,发现这三个方程组中的每个方程的系数与常数项成等差数列(如方程组(1)中的第一个方程的系数与常     

Flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid past a stretching sheet with partial slip

The entrained flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian third grade fluid due to a linearly stretching surface with partial slip is considered. The partial slip is controlled by a dimensionless slip factor, which varies between zero (total adhesion) and infinity (full slip). Suitable similarity transformations are used to reduce the resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The issue of paucity of boundary conditions is addressed and an effective second order numerical scheme has been adopted to solve the obtained differential equations even without augmenting any extra boundary conditions. The important finding in this communication is the combined effects of the partial slip and the third grade fluid parameter on the velocity, skin-friction coefficient and the temperature field. It is interesting to find that the slip and the third grade fluid parameter have opposite effects on the velocity and the thermal boundary layers.     

Unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical surface with variable fluid properties

In this paper we present numerical solutions to the unsteady convective boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid at a vertical stretching surface with variable transport properties and thermal radiation. Both assisting and opposing buoyant flow situations are considered. Using a similarity transformation, the governing time-dependent partial differential equations are first transformed into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Numerical solutions to these equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions are obtained by a second order finite difference scheme known as the Keller-Box method. The numerical results thus obtained are analyzed for the effects of the pertinent parameters namely, the unsteady parameter, the free convection parameter, the suction/injection parameter, the Prandtl number, the thermal conductivity parameter and the thermal radiation parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is worth mentioning that the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses decrease with an increase in the unsteady parameter.     

Heat and mass transfer in MHD non-Darcian flow of a micropolar fluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media with non-uniform heat source and thermal radiation

A mathematical analysis has been carried out to study magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer characteristic on steady two-dimensional flow of a micropolar fluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium with uniform magnetic field. Momentum boundary layer equation takes into account of transverse magnetic field whereas energy equation takes into account of Ohmic dissipation due to transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation and non-uniform source effects. An analysis has been performed for heating process namely the prescribed wall heat flux (PHF case). The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The transformed equations are non-linear coupled differential equations which are then linearized by quasi-linearization method and solved very efficiently by finite-difference method. Favorable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases of the problem are obtained. The effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration distributions are presented graphically and in tabular form.     

A first Integral of Navier­Stokes equations for two-dimensional flows

As wellknown, Bernoulli's equation is obtained as the first integral of Euler's equations in the absence of vorticity. Even in case of non-vanishing vorticity, a first integral from Euler's equations is obtained by using the so called Clebsch transformation [1] for inviscid flows. In contrast to this, a generalisation of this procedure towards viscous flows has not been established so far. In the present paper a first integral of Navier-Stokes equations is constructed in the case of two-dimensional flow by making use of an alternative representation of the fields in terms of complex coordinates and introducing a potential representation for the pressure. The associated boundary conditions are also considered. The first integral is a suitable tool for the development of new analytical methods and numerical codes in fluid dynamics. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the bidirectional vortex and other similarity solutions in spherical coordinates

The bidirectional vortex refers to the bipolar, coaxial swirling motion that can be triggered, for example, in cyclone separators and some liquid rocket engines with tangential aft-end injectors. In this study, we present an exact solution to describe the corresponding bulk motion in spherical coordinates. To do so, we examine both linear and nonlinear solutions of the momentum and vorticity transport equations in spherical coordinates. The assumption will be that of steady, incompressible, inviscid, rotational, and axisymmetric flow. We further relate the vorticity to some power of the stream function. At the outset, three possible types of similarity solutions are shown to fulfill the momentum equation. While the first type is incapable of satisfying the conditions for the bidirectional vortex, it can be used to accommodate other physical settings such as Hill’s vortex. This case is illustrated in the context of inviscid flow over a sphere. The second leads to a closed-form analytical expression that satisfies the boundary conditions for the bidirectional vortex in a straight cylinder. The third type is more general and provides multiple solutions. The spherical bidirectional vortex is derived using separation of variables and the method of variation of parameters. The three-pronged analysis presented here increases our repertoire of general mean flow solutions that rarely appear in spherical geometry. It is hoped that these special forms will permit extending the current approach to other complex fluid motions that are easier to capture using spherical coordinates.     

Stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a non-linearly moving flat plate in a parallel free stream with slip

An analysis is presented for the steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous and incompressible fluid in the stagnation point towards a non-linearly moving flat plate in a parallel free stream with a partial slip velocity. The governing partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. Dual (upper and lower branch) solutions are found to exist for certain parameters. Particular attention is given to deriving numerical results for the critical/turning points which determine the range of existence of the dual solutions. A stability analysis has been also performed to show that the upper branch solutions are stable and physically realizable, while the lower branch solutions are not stable and, therefore, not physically possible.     

Investigation of a powerful analytical method into natural convection boundary layer flow

The natural convection boundary layer flow modeled by a system of nonlinear differential equations is considered. By means of similarity transformation, the non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to a system of two coupled ordinary differential equations. The series solutions of coupled system of equations are constructed for velocity and temperature using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the obtained series solution is discussed. Finally some figures are illustrated to show the accuracy of the applied method and assessment of various prandtl numbers on the temperature and the velocity is undertaken.     

Finite element analysis of hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer of a heat generation fluid over a surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction

An analysis is carried out to study the flow, chemical reaction and mass transfer of a steady laminar boundary layer of an electrically conducting and heat generating fluid driven by a continuously moving porous surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium in the presence of a transfer magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation and are solved numerically by using the finite element method. The results obtained are presented graphically for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the Sherwood number for various parameters entering into the problem.     

Hiemenz flow and heat transfer of a third grade fluid

The laminar flow and heat transfer of an incompressible, third grade, electrically conducting fluid impinging normal to a plane in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is investigated. The heat transfer analysis has been carried out for two heating processes, namely, (i) with prescribed surface temperature (PST-case) and (ii) prescribed surface heat flux (PHF-case). By means of the similarity transformation, the governing non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations and are solved by a second-order numerical technique. Effects of various non-Newtonian fluid parameters, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature fields have been investigated in detail and shown graphically. It is found that the velocity gradient at the wall decreases as the third grade fluid parameter increases.