巨磁阻材料Sr2CrWO6高压下的结构稳定性和电学特性

 采用金刚石压砧高压装置，研究了双钙钛矿结构化合物Sr₂CrWO₆在室温下、34.5 GPa压力内的同步辐射X射线衍射谱，发现在9.6 GPa的压力点样品的结构有所变化。结合室温下20 GPa内电阻和电容随压力的变化，证明样品在9 GPa附近发生了晶体结构相变，而在2~5 GPa的压力范围内样品发生了电子结构相变。     

压力对HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+y超导转变温度的影响

 利用低温超高压装置，测量了Hg系样品HgBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O_8+y（Hg-1223）超导转变温度T_c在压力作用下的增强效应。压力最高达7.8 GPa，超导起始转变温度常压下为130 K，加压到5.4 GPa时获得最高温度为140 K。在5.4 GPa以下获得dT_c/dp为1.85 K/GPa。用压力作用下氧原子位置的改变使载流子浓度提高和CuO₂面间的耦合作用来解释高温超导的压力效应。     

制备压力对La2/3Sr1/3MnO3的磁电阻效应的影响

 研究了制备压力对纳米块状样品La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃的结构、磁学和电学性质的影响。结果表明：样品的晶粒尺寸随制备压力的增加而变小，且不同样品的磁电阻效应不同。低场磁电阻效应在整个实验温区都随制备压力的升高而变弱，这主要是由制备压力使样品晶粒界面连接更紧密所导致；T<200 K时，高场磁电阻效应随制备压力的升高而变强，T>200 K时，高场磁电阻效应随制备压力的升高反而变弱，这主要是由制备压力改变样品的晶粒尺寸所引起。     

PbMoO4原位高压拉曼光谱和电导率的研究

 钼酸铅（PbMoO₄）具有高的声光品质因数、低的声损耗、良好的声阻抗匹配等性质，被广泛应用于声光偏转器、调制器、可调滤光器、声表面波器件等各类声光器件，其优异的低温闪烁性能亦引起人们的注意，具有在核设备方面的应用潜力。为探讨其晶体结构和物理性质，在金刚石对顶砧上原位测量了PbMoO₄的拉曼光谱，并测量了其在几个不同压力点下电导率随温度的变化。实验发现，压力在12.5 GPa时，拉曼峰完全消失，说明压力在10.8～12.5 GPa之间PbMoO₄样品出现了非晶态转变。当从26.5 GPa卸压到9.4 GPa时，PbMoO₄的拉曼谱在低波数出现无序化，而在2.4 GPa压力下858 cm^-1峰又重新出现，说明样品结构由无序向晶化回复。压力在10.8 GPa以上时，电导率随着温度的增加而显著增加，且随着压力的增加也明显增加。     

高压下LiB3O5晶体-非晶体相变的研究

 采用X射线粉末衍射和同步辐射能散X射线衍射技术，对LiB₃O₅（LBO）晶体进行了压致非晶化相变的研究，压力达45.1 GPa。实验结果表明，LBO存在两个中间相变，压力分别为5 GPa和15.8 GPa。而当压力增加到25~31.6 GPa时，LBO出现非晶态，这个非晶化相变是不可逆的。     

Ca2CuO3的高压结构性质研究

 采用金刚石压砧高压装置（DAC）,对具有Cu—O链结构的Ca₂CuO₃的多晶粉末样品进行了高压同步辐射能散X射线衍射实验。实验结果表明,在0～34 GPa压力范围内,Ca₂CuO₃晶体没有发生结构相变,用Birch-Murnaghan状态方程拟合,得到在压力导数B′₀=4时,零压体弹模量B₀=165.4±1.8 GPa。     

高温高压合成电子型掺杂层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7

 用高温高压法、在1 260 ℃和5.0 GPa条件下,成功制备出电子型掺杂层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物La_2-2xCa_1+2xMn₂O₇（x=1.0～0.8）系列样品。样品的粉末X射线衍射实验和Rietveld精修结构分析表明,所制样品具有Sr₃Ti₂O₇型四方结构,空间群为I4/mmm。随着电子浓度的增加,MnO₆八面体畸变程度增大,晶胞体积增加。同时样品的磁化强度随La的掺入、x的增加而增强,反铁磁有序温度T_N提高。由于双交换作用减小,样品的电阻增加。在测量温度范围内,没有观测到磁电阻效应。     

BaCuO2.5在高压下的状态方程与电学性质

 在活塞-圆筒式高压装置上研究了BaCuO_2.5在4.5 GPa内的p-V关系,给出了其状态方程、Grüneisen参数γ₀、零压体弹模量B₀以及B₀的压力导数B′₀。并在金刚石压砧装置（DAC）上测量了样品的电阻、电容随压力变化的关系,结果表明在0~20 GPa内没有发生相变。     

BaCO3和TiO2粉末混合物冲击压缩性和BaTiO3冲击合成的实验研究

 利用高能炸药爆轰驱动冲击波、狭缝扫描闪光隙高速照相技术和阻抗匹配解原理，在10~100 GPa压力范围内，测量了BaCO₃和TiO₂粉末混合物的冲击绝热数据。同时，利用轴对称柱面和平面爆轰装置，进行了该混合物样品的冲击后回收实验和回收样品的X射线衍射分析，考察BaTiO₃的冲击合成。测量出的冲击绝热数据，以冲击波压力和比容平面上的结果为例，在约30和45 GPa两个压力值时，比容发生明显跃变。冲击绝热数据与回收样品X射线衍射分析结果相结合，判断出，这两个跃变分别对应于TiO₂从锐钛矿相转变到高压β-TiO₂相，BaCO₃与TiO₂开始急剧化学反应合成出BaTiO₃并放出CO₂。此外，在压力为10 GPa左右作回收实验，其回收样品的X射线衍射分析表明TiO₂由锐钛矿相完全转变为金红石相。     

C60高压X射线衍射研究

 采用同步辐射X光源和能量色散法对高纯C₆₀粉末样品进行高压原位X光衍射实验。由金刚石对顶压砧高压装置（DAC）产生高压,用已知状态方程的Pt粉末作内标,由Pt的衍射数据确定样品压力,最高压力达30 GPa。实验结果表明：室温常压下原始C₆₀样品为面心立方结构,晶格常数a=1.420 86 nm。高压下C₆₀的结构有所变化：从p=13.7 GPa开始,(311)线发生劈裂,形成低对称相;随着压力增加,衍射线逐渐变宽,强度逐渐变弱,压力超过25 GPa,衍射背底隆起,C₆₀开始转化成非晶相;在30 GPa左右,衍射线条完全消失,标志着向非晶相转化过程的完成。人们也对C₆₀样品不同压力的高压“淬火”相进行了X光衍射实验。采用非静水压的装样方式,最高压力达44 GPa,结果在30 GPa以上,C₆₀也转变为非晶相。最后我们对C₆₀晶体的压致非晶化现象进行了初步的讨论。     

Variations of lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients of indium at high pressure and high temperature

ABSTRACT

The effects of pressure and temperature on the lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients of Indium were studied up to 18.6?GPa and 506?K based on in situ X-ray diffraction method with an externally heated diamond anvil cell. The results show that the measured axial ratio (c/a) decreases with increasing temperature and its temperature dependence decreases with increasing pressure. The thermal expansion coefficient of the a-axis decreases with increasing pressure up to 7?GPa and remains almost constant above 7?GPa, whereas that of the c-axis increases monotonously with pressure and changes from negative to positive at around 7?GPa. The observed behavior suggests that temperature reduces the tetragonal distortion on the lattice, and its effect is dominant below 7?GPa; in contrast, pressure enhances lattice distortion, and tends to have a stronger effect above 7?GPa.     

Pressure-induced colossal piezoresistance effect and the collapse of the polaronic state in the bilayer manganite (La(0.4)Pr(0.6))(1.2)Sr(1.8)Mn2O7

We have investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure as a function of temperature on the resistivity of a single crystal of the bilayer manganite (La(0.4)Pr(0.6))(1.2)Sr(1.8)Mn(2)O(7). Whereas a strong insulating behaviour is observed at all temperatures at ambient pressure, a clear transition into a metallic-like behaviour is induced when the sample is subjected to a pressure (P) of ~1.0 GPa at T < 70 K. A huge negative piezoresistance ~10(6) in the low temperature region at moderate pressures is observed. When the pressure is increased further (5.5 GPa), the high temperature polaronic state disappears and a metallic behaviour is observed. The insulator to metal transition temperature exponentially increases with pressure and the distinct peak in the resistivity that is observed at 1.0 GPa almost vanishes for P > 7.0 GPa. A modification in the orbital occupation of the e(g) electron between 3d(x(2)-y(2)) and 3d(z(2)-r(2)) states, as proposed earlier, leading to a ferromagnetic double-exchange phenomenon, can qualitatively account for our data.     

_LiIO_3的等温压缩和高温高压下的相变

用金刚石压砧高压x 射线衍射技术研究了_LiIO_3 在室温高压下的压缩行为, 压力达23.0GPa. 观察到晶格压缩的各向异性, 其c/a 轴比以-6.187 * l0**3 /GPa的速率减小. 得到其常压下的体弹模量B。= 3 9.2 G Pa, 体弹模量对压力的一阶导数B。=3.7 8 7. _LiIO_3在高温高压下转变成四方结构, 与淬火卸压所得的“_LiIO_3, 结构一致. 关键词：     

Synthesis of nano-polycrystalline diamond from glassy carbon at pressures up to 25 GPa

ABSTRACT

Nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) with various grain sizes has been synthesized from glassy carbon at pressures 15–25?GPa and temperatures 1700–2300°C using multianvil apparatus. The minimum temperature for the synthesis of pure NPD, below which a small amount of compressed graphite was formed, significantly increased with pressure from ～1700°C at 15?GPa to ～1900°C at 25?GPa. The NPD having grain sizes less than ～50?nm was synthesized at temperatures below ～2000°C at 15?GPa and ～2300°C at 25?GPa, above which significant grain growth was observed. The grain size of NPD decreases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature, and the pure NPD with grain sizes less than 10?nm is obtained in a limited temperature range around 1800–2000°C, depending on pressure. The pure NPD from glassy carbon is highly transparent and exhibits a granular nano-texture, whose grain size is tunable by selecting adequate pressure and temperature conditions.     

Phase transitions in hydrofullerene C<Subscript>60</Subscript>H<Subscript>36</Subscript> studied by luminescence and Raman spectroscopy at pressures up to 12 GPa

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the photoluminescence and Raman spectra of hydrofullerene C₆₀H₃₆ was investigated for pressures up to 12 GPa at room temperature. The samples were synthesized by means of high-pressure hydrogenation. The pressure coefficients of the phonon modes were found to be positive and demonstrate singularities at ～0.7 and ～6 GPa. The pressure shift of the luminescence spectrum is unusually small and increases slightly at P≥6 GPa. All observed features are reversible with pressure, and C₆₀H₃₆ is stable in the pressure region investigated.     

Pressure-induced phase transition(s) in KMnF3 and the importance of the excess volume for phase transitions in perovskite structures

We report a pressure-dependent investigation of KMnF(3) by x-ray diffraction up to 30 GPa. The results are discussed in the framework of Landau theory and in relation to the isostructural phase transition in SrTiO(3). The phase transition temperature near 186 K in KMnF(3) shifts to room temperature at a critical pressure of P(c) = 3.4 GPa; the pressure dependence of the transition point follows ΔP(c)/ΔT(c) = 0.0315 GPa K(-1). The transition becomes second order under high pressure, close to the tricritical point. The phase transition is determined by the rotation of MnF(6) octahedra with their simultaneous expansion along the rotation axis. The rotation angle was found to increase to 10.5° at 24 GPa. An additional anomaly was observed at higher pressure around 25 GPa, suggesting a further phase transition.     

CdSe在高压下的电学性质及相变

 利用在金刚石压砧上集成的微电路,原位测量了CdSe多晶粉末在温度为300~450 K、压力达到23 GPa时电阻率随温度和压力的变化关系。实验结果表明：在加压过程中,电阻率在2.6 GPa压力时出现的异常改变,对应着CdSe从纤锌矿向岩盐矿结构的转变,而在6.0、9.8、17.0 GPa等压力处出现的电阻率异常,则是由CdSe中的电子结构的变化所引起的;在卸压过程中,只在约14.0和3.0 GPa压力下观察到了两个电阻率异常点。通过对电阻率随压力变化曲线的模拟,得出了CdSe高压相的带隙随压力的变化关系,据此预测CdSe金属化的压力应在70~100 GPa之间。变温实验结果表明,在实验的温度和压力范围内,CdSe的电阻率均随温度的增加而升高。     

Photo-induced Conversion of Furylfulgide Single Crystal Under High Pressures

We have studied pressure effects on single crystal of photochromic furylfulgide for researching the possibility of photo-induced structural change. Pressure dependence of the absorption spectra was investigated up to 8.2 GPa at room temperature. Pressure-induced conversion to C-form molecules was observed at 8.2 GPa in single crystal composed only of E-form molecules, while at 5.7 GPa in single crystal containing small amount of C-form ones. Photochromic reaction was observed under high pressure as well as the ambient pressure. The dependence of absorption intensity due to C-form molecules suggests the possibly of cooperative structural change in furylfulgide single crystal at 5.5 GPa.     

Electrical property and phase transition of CdSe under high pressure

In situ electrical resistivity measurement of CdSe was performed under high pressure and moderate temperature using a diamond anvil cell equipped with a microcircuit. With the pressure increasing, a sharp drop in resistivity of over two orders of magnitude was observed at about 2.6 GPa, it was caused by the transition to the rock-salt CdSe. After that, the resistivity decreased linearly with pressure. However, in different pressure range, the decreasing degree was obviously different. This attributed to the different electron structures. By fitting to the curve of pressure dependence of resistivity in different pressure range, the relationship of the band gap to pressure was given and the metallization pressure was speculated to be in the range of 70-100 GPa. The temperature dependence of resistivity showed that in the experimental temperature and pressure range the resistivity had a positive temperature coefficient.     

α-LiIO3的等温压缩和高温高压下的相变

用金刚石压砧高压X射线衍射技术研究了α-LilO₃在室温高压下的压缩行为,压力达23.0GP_a。观察到晶格压缩的各向异性,其c/a轴比以-6.187×10^-3/GP_a的速率减小。得到其常压下的体弹模量B₀=39.2GP_a,体弹模量对压力的一阶导数B＇₀=3.787。α-LiIO₃在高温高压下转变成四方结构,与淬火卸压所得的ε-LiIO₃结构一致。 关键词：